US2647218A - Ceramic electron tube - Google Patents

Ceramic electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2647218A
US2647218A US202666A US20266650A US2647218A US 2647218 A US2647218 A US 2647218A US 202666 A US202666 A US 202666A US 20266650 A US20266650 A US 20266650A US 2647218 A US2647218 A US 2647218A
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envelope
ceramic
grid
sections
section
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US202666A
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Harold E Sorg
Hubert H Eaves
Donald F Drieschman
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Varian Medical Systems Inc
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Eitel Mccullough Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/32—Anodes
    • H01J19/34—Anodes forming part of the envelope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0002—Construction arrangements of electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0003—Anodes forming part of vessel walls

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  • Our invention relates to electron tubes and more particularly to improvements in the envelope structure of such tubes.
  • YStill another object is to provide such a ceramic envelope in which the metallic bonds are utilized for establishing electrical connections to electrodes within the tube, thereby eliminating the metal parts usually required in tube construction.
  • a further object is to provide a tube in which electrical connections such as terminals on the envelope are formed by metalized areas on the ceramic.
  • a still further object is to provide a tube in which the external anode is also of ceramic, wherein the active anode surface comprises a metalized inner face on the ceramic.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a ceramic tube embodying the improvements of our invention.
  • Figure 2 is a similar view in which the anode is also of ceramic.
  • our electron tube comprises an envelope having a ceramic wall
  • the envelope is made up of ceramic sections metallically bonded together, the electrical lead-in connection to an electrode being established through the metallic bond.
  • External terminals on the envelope are preferably formed by metalized areas on the ceramic sections.
  • triodetype of tube having coaxial terminals we construct the envelope with coaxial ceramic sections metallically bonded together, with a terminal on one section connected to the grid through one of the metallic bonds, and with a terminal on another section connected to the cathode through another metallic bond.
  • the anode is preferably of the external type sup'- ported on the ceramic envelope.
  • This anode may be of the usual metal construction, or, in one form of our invention, may also be of ceramic metalized on the inner face to provide the active anode surface.
  • a triode type of tube embodying our invention comprises an evacuated envelope made up of coaxial wall sections of ceramic.
  • the envelope comprises three ceramic wall sections, namely, an upper cylindrical side wall section 2, a lower cup-shaped wall section 3 aligned with the upper section, and a central tubular stem section 4 extending through the lower section.
  • the pair of sections 2 and 3 are joined along abutting edges to make a vacuum-tight seal by a metallic bond 6, and the second pair of sections 3 and 4 are likewise joined along abutting surfaces by a metallic bond 1.
  • the metallic bonding area 6 thus extends laterally through the side of the envelope, while the metallic bonding area l extends downwardly through the bottom.
  • the ceramic used in making up the envelope may be of any suitable ceramic-like material, such as the alumina or zircon type ceramic bodies commercially available. We prefer the alumina or zircon type bodies because their mechanical strength, thermal resistance and electrical insulating properties are favorable, although other type ceramics are also satisfactory. f
  • Metallic'bonds 6 and 'l forming the vacuum-l tight seals may be made in several ways, utilizing known metalizing and brazing techniques.
  • the opposed surfaces of the ceramic pieces may be coated with finely divided molybdenum powder, or a mixture of molybdenum and iron powders or the like, and then red in hydrogen to a temperature of about 1500 C. to sinter the metal powder to the ceramic surface. This produces a thin metallic layer firmly bonded to the ceramic.
  • Such metalized surfaces may then be brazed together with silver solder or brazing alloys such as silver-copper, gold-copper or the like.
  • the brazes are readily made by tting the metalized ceramic pieces together with rings of wire solder adjacent the joints, and then elevating the temperature of the whole up to the melting point of the solder in a suitable furnace.
  • Another metalizing technique is to paint titanium or zirconium hydride powders on the surface of the ceramic parts and fire in vacuum to about 1200 C., after which the metalized surfaces may be brazed together with silver solder or the like.
  • the molybdenum sintering process because it'l does not require a vacuum furnace for the firing operation.V
  • the triode illustrated having an indirectly heated cathode the latter comprises a cathode ⁇ sleeve 8 such as nickel enclosing a suitable heater 9, the sleeve S being coated with an electron emissive material such as. the conventionalbarium-strontium oxides.
  • the cathode issurrounded. with a cylindrical cage-type wire grid l i' mounted on a conical metal bracket L2.
  • the cathode is supported by the ceramic stem section 4 which projects upwardly into the envelope for that purpose, and the grid is supported by a ceramic side wall sectionv of the envelope.
  • - Terminal means are provided on the envelope, utilizing the bonded joints 5. and l. as lead-in conductors, for establishing electrical connections with grid and cathode.
  • a ring-shaped metal grid terminal. i3 isl provided on the envelope side wall i-n Contact with the laterally extending metallic bond 6, and a ringshapedmetal cathode terminal i4 is likewise :l
  • the above mentioned external terminals and. internal connections are. formed.- by metalized areas on the ceramic sections.
  • the ceramicV stem 4 is treated, as by molybdenum sintering, to metalize the region adjacent the joint it is also pref- ⁇ erably metalized over substantiallyT its entire" length so as to simultaneously provide the cathode terminal I4 and internal connection
  • the metalized areas adjacent the lateral joint are preferably extended to provide an external band for the terminal i3- and an internal band for the grid connection i6.
  • Grid bracket l2 may thus be connected or braced directly to the internal metalized area l0- and cathode sleeve 8 may be connected directly tothe metalized area Il.
  • the metalized areas and brazos are; shown in the drawings as layers of considerable thickness for convenience of illustration. Actually these layers are quite thin, say of the order 0.002 to 0.005" thickness, and appear as films or metal skins on the surfaces of the ceramic.
  • the above construction eliminates the metal pieces ⁇ which usually have to be interposed in a tube envelope, and provides a substantiallyy allceramic envelope. If desired, silver or the like maybe iiowed over the exposed sintered areas to further improve the electrical conductivity of such metalized areas.
  • Our improved envelope constructionI provides a tube which isl extremely strongmechanically and has excellent thermal resistance properties for high temperature operation. Another important feature is that excellent paths-A for radio-frequency current are provided for circuit connections to the electrodes, which paths are short, direct and of low loss.
  • the tube structure as shown, is well adapted 4 for providing coaxial terminal arrangements which is desirable in coaxial or cavity type circuits. These features all contribute to make the tube ideally suited for operation at the ultra-high frequencies.
  • a metal exhaust tubulation I8 is preferably brazed intothe lower end of stem 45 communieating with the interior of the. envelope. through the passage I9, which tubulation is pinched off after exhaust.
  • One end of heater 9 is preferably connected to the cathode sleeve 8 and the other endis preferably brought out by a wire 2
  • a capi 22 on, the tubulation provides a convenient heater terminal coaxial with the cathode terminal
  • the tube illustrated in Figure l the anode 23 of metal which may carry Bennettnedair cooler or water jacket (notshown) in the usual man.- ner.
  • the anode is preferably cup-shaped. with a flange 24 seated on the upper section 2 of the envelope. This anode is brazed tof a metalized. edge of the ceramic section to form a metallic. bond 26 in a manner similar tothe brazes between the ceramic sections.
  • Figure 2 shows a modified construction in which the anode is also made of a ceramicV section 2?.
  • the. active surface 28 ⁇ of the. anode is formed by metalizing the inner face o1 the cup-shaped ceramic sectionA 2-1. This metalmay be accomplishedby' the molybdenum sintering process as described for the envelnpor sections, and, if desired, may have silver or nickel ilowed over the sintered surface to improve con-- ductivity of the metalized area.
  • the anode is brazed to the upper envelope Section to provide a metallic bond 29 which also functions as a lead-in conductor for the anode, the metalized area being preferably continu-ed downv alongthe upper side of section 2 to form an anode terminal 3
  • This provides an anode having an electrically insulated outer surface which is desired in some applications. ln other cases the anode section may be metal-izedboth inside and out.
  • triode having a single A grid
  • our improved structure is well adapted for tubes having several grids.
  • an. additional cylindrical wall section would bencorporated between sections 2 and 3,l thus providing an additional brazed joint to serve as ⁇ a lead-in connection for the screen grid.
  • the electrodes need not be cylindrical, as our construction is manifestly well suited ior tubes in which thev electrodes are arranged in parallel planes.
  • An electron tube comprising an envelope A having upper and lower side sections of ceramic
  • a stem section of ceramic extending through said lower section, a grid in the envelope supported by a side section, a cathode. in. the envelope supported by the stem section, a. metallic bond uniting said upper and lower side sections. a grid terminal on the envelope. connected to the grid through said metallic bond, a metallic bond uniting the lower side and stem sections. and a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through the last mentioned metallic bond, and a metal anode. bonded to and .extending beyond thev upper side section, saidv 'S l anode forming the upper portion of the envelope.
  • An electron tube comprising an envelope having upper and lower side sections of ceramic, a stem section of ceramic extending through said lower section, a grid in the envelope supported by a side section, a cathode in the envelope supported by the stem section, a metallic bond uniting said upper and lower side sections, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through said metallic bond, a metallic bond uniting the lower side and stem sections, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through the last mentioned metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by the upper Wall section.
  • An electron tube comprising an envelope having sections of ceramic, metallic bonds uniting said sections, a grid and cathode in the envelope, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through one of said metallic bonds, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through another of said metallic bonds, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of said envelope.
  • An electron tube comprising an envelope having sections of ceramic, metallic bonds uniting said sections, a grid and cathode in the envelope, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through one of said metallic bonds, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through another of said metallic bonds, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of said envelope, said grid and cathode terminals comprising metalized areas on the ceramic sections.
  • An electron tube comprising a generally cylindrical envelope having sections of ceramic tted together at a joint extending transversely through the side of the envelope, a metallic bond uniting the sections at said joint, a grid in the envelope, a grid terminal on the outer cylindrical surface of the envelope connected to the grid through said metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of the envelope.
  • An electron tube comprising a generally cylindrical envelope having sections of ceramic fitted together at a joint extending transversely through the side of the envelope, a metallic bond uniting the sections at said joint, a grid in the envelope, a tubular metal cylindrical grid support having a lower end adjacent said joint, a grid terminal on the outer cylindrical surface of the envelope connected to the grid support through said metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of the envelope.

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Description

y July 28, 1953 H, E. soRG ET AL CERAMIC ELECTRON TUBE Filed Dec. 26, 1950 Ceramic Me a/ Anaal IN V EN TORS Haro/d E, Sorg Hubs/' H. Eds/es Dona/d F.' Driesc/zman BY y TTORNE Patented July 28, 1953 CERAMIC ELECTRON TUBE Harold E. Sorg, Redwood City, Hubert H. Eaves, Palo Alto, and Donald F. Drieschman, Los Altos, Calif., assignors to Eitel-McCullough, Inc., San Bruno, Calif., a corporation of California Application December 26, 1950, Serial No. 202,666
6 Claims. l
Our invention relates to electron tubes and more particularly to improvements in the envelope structure of such tubes.
It is among the objects of our invention to provide a tube having improved electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, and of a simplified structure adapted to economical manufacture. Another object is to provide'a tube of the character described in which the envelope is built up of ceramic sections metallically bonded together.
YStill another object is to provide such a ceramic envelope in which the metallic bonds are utilized for establishing electrical connections to electrodes within the tube, thereby eliminating the metal parts usually required in tube construction.
A further object is to provide a tube in which electrical connections such as terminals on the envelope are formed by metalized areas on the ceramic.
A still further object is to provide a tube in which the external anode is also of ceramic, wherein the active anode surface comprises a metalized inner face on the ceramic.
The invention possesses other objects and features of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth in the following description of our invention. It is to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to this disclosure of species of our invention, as we may adopt variant embodiments thereof within the scope of the claims.
Referring to the drawing:
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a ceramic tube embodying the improvements of our invention; and
Figure 2 is a similar view in which the anode is also of ceramic.
In terms of broad inclusison our electron tube comprises an envelope having a ceramic wall,
and an electrical connection to an electrode withinfthe envelope comprising a metalized area on the ceramic wall. In our preferred construction the envelope is made up of ceramic sections metallically bonded together, the electrical lead-in connection to an electrode being established through the metallic bond. External terminals on the envelope are preferably formed by metalized areas on the ceramic sections. As
embodied in a triodetype of tube having coaxial terminals we construct the envelope with coaxial ceramic sections metallically bonded together, with a terminal on one section connected to the grid through one of the metallic bonds, and with a terminal on another section connected to the cathode through another metallic bond. The anode is preferably of the external type sup'- ported on the ceramic envelope. This anode may be of the usual metal construction, or, in one form of our invention, may also be of ceramic metalized on the inner face to provide the active anode surface.
In greater detail and referring to Figure 1 of the drawing, a triode type of tube embodying our invention comprises an evacuated envelope made up of coaxial wall sections of ceramic. In its simplest form the envelope comprises three ceramic wall sections, namely, an upper cylindrical side wall section 2, a lower cup-shaped wall section 3 aligned with the upper section, and a central tubular stem section 4 extending through the lower section. The pair of sections 2 and 3 are joined along abutting edges to make a vacuum-tight seal by a metallic bond 6, and the second pair of sections 3 and 4 are likewise joined along abutting surfaces by a metallic bond 1. The metallic bonding area 6 thus extends laterally through the side of the envelope, while the metallic bonding area l extends downwardly through the bottom. This arrangement of the joints is mentioned because the metallic bonds in our improved tube are utilized as lead-in conductors to the electrodes, as hereinafter described.
The ceramic used in making up the envelope may be of any suitable ceramic-like material, such as the alumina or zircon type ceramic bodies commercially available. We prefer the alumina or zircon type bodies because their mechanical strength, thermal resistance and electrical insulating properties are favorable, although other type ceramics are also satisfactory. f
Metallic'bonds 6 and 'l forming the vacuum-l tight seals may be made in several ways, utilizing known metalizing and brazing techniques. For example, the opposed surfaces of the ceramic pieces may be coated with finely divided molybdenum powder, or a mixture of molybdenum and iron powders or the like, and then red in hydrogen to a temperature of about 1500 C. to sinter the metal powder to the ceramic surface. This produces a thin metallic layer firmly bonded to the ceramic. Such metalized surfaces may then be brazed together with silver solder or brazing alloys such as silver-copper, gold-copper or the like. The brazes are readily made by tting the metalized ceramic pieces together with rings of wire solder adjacent the joints, and then elevating the temperature of the whole up to the melting point of the solder in a suitable furnace. Another metalizing technique is to paint titanium or zirconium hydride powders on the surface of the ceramic parts and fire in vacuum to about 1200 C., after which the metalized surfaces may be brazed together with silver solder or the like. We prefer the molybdenum sintering process because it'l does not require a vacuum furnace for the firing operation.V In the triode illustrated having an indirectly heated cathode, the latter comprises a cathode` sleeve 8 such as nickel enclosing a suitable heater 9, the sleeve S being coated with an electron emissive material such as. the conventionalbarium-strontium oxides. With the coaxial electrode structure shown, the cathode issurrounded. with a cylindrical cage-type wire grid l i' mounted on a conical metal bracket L2. In. our preferred construction the cathode is supported by the ceramic stem section 4 which projects upwardly into the envelope for that purpose, and the grid is supported by a ceramic side wall sectionv of the envelope.
- Terminal means are provided on the envelope, utilizing the bonded joints 5. and l. as lead-in conductors, for establishing electrical connections with grid and cathode. For this purpose a ring-shaped metal grid terminal. i3 isl provided on the envelope side wall i-n Contact with the laterally extending metallic bond 6, and a ringshapedmetal cathode terminal i4 is likewise :l
provided on the external portion of the stemk member 4 in contact with the downwardly ertending metallic bondl. internal connections I6 and H are also made between. the braces and the respective electrodes to complete the electrical circuits.
In our preferred tube construction the above mentioned external terminals and. internal connections are. formed.- by metalized areas on the ceramic sections. Thus when the ceramicV stem 4 is treated, as by molybdenum sintering, to metalize the region adjacent the joint it is also pref-` erably metalized over substantiallyT its entire" length so as to simultaneously provide the cathode terminal I4 and internal connection Likewise, when a side wall section such as the ceramic section 3 is treated the metalized areas adjacent the lateral joint are preferably extended to provide an external band for the terminal i3- and an internal band for the grid connection i6. Grid bracket l2 may thus be connected or braced directly to the internal metalized area l0- and cathode sleeve 8 may be connected directly tothe metalized area Il.
The metalized areas and brazos are; shown in the drawings as layers of considerable thickness for convenience of illustration. Actually these layers are quite thin, say of the order 0.002 to 0.005" thickness, and appear as films or metal skins on the surfaces of the ceramic.
The above construction eliminates the metal pieces` which usually have to be interposed in a tube envelope, and provides a substantiallyy allceramic envelope. If desired, silver or the like maybe iiowed over the exposed sintered areas to further improve the electrical conductivity of such metalized areas. Our improved envelope constructionI provides a tube which isl extremely strongmechanically and has excellent thermal resistance properties for high temperature operation. Another important feature is that excellent paths-A for radio-frequency current are provided for circuit connections to the electrodes, which paths are short, direct and of low loss.
The tube structure, as shown, is well adapted 4 for providing coaxial terminal arrangements which is desirable in coaxial or cavity type circuits. These features all contribute to make the tube ideally suited for operation at the ultra-high frequencies.
A metal exhaust tubulation I8 is preferably brazed intothe lower end of stem 45 communieating with the interior of the. envelope. through the passage I9, which tubulation is pinched off after exhaust. One end of heater 9 is preferably connected to the cathode sleeve 8 and the other endis preferably brought out by a wire 2| through.A passagey i9A and connected to tubulation Hi. A capi 22 on, the tubulation provides a convenient heater terminal coaxial with the cathode terminal |41 While our improved envelope structure is adaptable for tubes having either internal or external anodes, we find the construction particularly well suited for the external type of anode. ln the tube illustrated in Figure l the anode 23 of metal which may carry afinnedair cooler or water jacket (notshown) in the usual man.- ner. The anode is preferably cup-shaped. with a flange 24 seated on the upper section 2 of the envelope. This anode is brazed tof a metalized. edge of the ceramic section to form a metallic. bond 26 in a manner similar tothe brazes between the ceramic sections.
Figure 2 shows a modified construction in which the anode is also made of a ceramicV section 2?. In this case the. active surface 28` of the. anode is formed by metalizing the inner face o1 the cup-shaped ceramic sectionA 2-1. This metalmay be accomplishedby' the molybdenum sintering process as described for the envelnpor sections, and, if desired, may have silver or nickel ilowed over the sintered surface to improve con-- ductivity of the metalized area. The anodeis brazed to the upper envelope Section to provide a metallic bond 29 which also functions as a lead-in conductor for the anode, the metalized area being preferably continu-ed downv alongthe upper side of section 2 to form an anode terminal 3|.k This provides an anode having an electrically insulated outer surface which is desired in some applications. ln other cases the anode section may be metal-izedboth inside and out.
While we have shown a triode having a single A grid, it is understood that our improved structure is well adapted for tubes having several grids. For example in the case of a tetrode, an. additional cylindrical wall section would bencorporated between sections 2 and 3,l thus providing an additional brazed joint to serve as` a lead-in connection for the screen grid.
Likewise, it is understood that the electrodes need not be cylindrical, as our construction is manifestly well suited ior tubes in which thev electrodes are arranged in parallel planes.
We claim: l. An electron tube comprising an envelope A having upper and lower side sections of ceramic,
a stem section of ceramic extending through said lower section, a grid in the envelope supported by a side section, a cathode. in. the envelope supported by the stem section, a. metallic bond uniting said upper and lower side sections. a grid terminal on the envelope. connected to the grid through said metallic bond, a metallic bond uniting the lower side and stem sections. and a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through the last mentioned metallic bond, and a metal anode. bonded to and .extending beyond thev upper side section, saidv 'S l anode forming the upper portion of the envelope.
2. An electron tube comprising an envelope having upper and lower side sections of ceramic, a stem section of ceramic extending through said lower section, a grid in the envelope supported by a side section, a cathode in the envelope supported by the stem section, a metallic bond uniting said upper and lower side sections, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through said metallic bond, a metallic bond uniting the lower side and stem sections, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through the last mentioned metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by the upper Wall section.
3. An electron tube comprising an envelope having sections of ceramic, metallic bonds uniting said sections, a grid and cathode in the envelope, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through one of said metallic bonds, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through another of said metallic bonds, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of said envelope.
4. An electron tube comprising an envelope having sections of ceramic, metallic bonds uniting said sections, a grid and cathode in the envelope, a grid terminal on the envelope connected to the grid through one of said metallic bonds, a cathode terminal on the envelope connected to the cathode through another of said metallic bonds, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of said envelope, said grid and cathode terminals comprising metalized areas on the ceramic sections.
5. An electron tube comprising a generally cylindrical envelope having sections of ceramic tted together at a joint extending transversely through the side of the envelope, a metallic bond uniting the sections at said joint, a grid in the envelope, a grid terminal on the outer cylindrical surface of the envelope connected to the grid through said metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of the envelope.
6. An electron tube comprising a generally cylindrical envelope having sections of ceramic fitted together at a joint extending transversely through the side of the envelope, a metallic bond uniting the sections at said joint, a grid in the envelope, a tubular metal cylindrical grid support having a lower end adjacent said joint, a grid terminal on the outer cylindrical surface of the envelope connected to the grid support through said metallic bond, and an external anode forming part of the envelope and supported by a ceramic section of the envelope.
HAROLD E. SORG. HUBERT H. EAVES. DONALD F. DRIESCHMAN.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 227,370 Man May 11, 1880 2,099,531 Passarge Nov. 16, 1937 2,212,578 Wundt et al Aug. 27, 1940 2,353,743 McArthur July 18, 1944 2,445,237 Stone July 13, 1948
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US3013328A (en) * 1954-10-22 1961-12-19 Gen Electric Method of forming a conductive film
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US3047764A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-07-31 Bendix Corp Cold cathode discharge device
US3115957A (en) * 1959-02-18 1963-12-31 Eitel Mccullough Inc Art of sealing quartz to metal
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US3394451A (en) * 1965-07-28 1968-07-30 Varian Associates Metal-to-ceramic seal for high voltage electron tubes and methods of fabrication
US3401292A (en) * 1966-06-17 1968-09-10 Fivre Valvole Radio Elett Spa Fluid cooled hollow cathode discharge tube
US3569755A (en) * 1960-08-09 1971-03-09 Varian Associates Vacuum tube and method of making it
US3594603A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-07-20 Desoto Inc Field emission circuit element and circuit
US3656225A (en) * 1969-09-30 1972-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of sealing and evacuating vacuum envelopes
US3736658A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-06-05 Atomic Energy Commission Thermionic gas-pressure-bonded sheathed insulators and method of producing same
US3736648A (en) * 1971-12-20 1973-06-05 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of bonding a zirconia member with another member
US3940656A (en) * 1957-06-13 1976-02-24 Varian Associates High frequency tube apparatus
US5046242A (en) * 1982-07-27 1991-09-10 Commonwealth Of Australia Method of making feedthrough assemblies having hermetic seals between electrical feedthrough elements and ceramic carriers therefor
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US2724892A (en) * 1950-11-14 1955-11-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for forming metal to ceramic seal
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US2713532A (en) * 1951-04-30 1955-07-19 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and method of making the same
US2794933A (en) * 1952-03-15 1957-06-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic tetrode
US2722624A (en) * 1952-04-21 1955-11-01 Machlett Lab Inc Electron tube
US2776472A (en) * 1952-07-24 1957-01-08 Gen Electric Method of making a ceramic-to-metal bond
US2754445A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-07-10 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic vacuum tube
US2740067A (en) * 1952-10-13 1956-03-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic vacuum tube
US2835967A (en) * 1952-11-05 1958-05-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method of producing a solderable metallic coating on a ceramic body and of solderingto the coating
US2897394A (en) * 1953-08-31 1959-07-28 Jr Charles P Marsden Ceramic wafer, electronic tube
US2805944A (en) * 1953-09-16 1957-09-10 Sylvania Electric Prod Lead alloy for bonding metals to ceramics
US2784337A (en) * 1953-10-21 1957-03-05 Honeywell Regulator Co Electron discharge device
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US2818522A (en) * 1954-04-19 1957-12-31 Sylvania Electric Prod Ceramic frame grid
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US2857664A (en) * 1954-08-09 1958-10-28 Frenchtown Porcelain Company Coated non-metallic refractory bodies, composition for coating such bodies, and method for bonding such bodies by means of said composition
US2868610A (en) * 1954-10-22 1959-01-13 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for making vacuum enclosures
US3013328A (en) * 1954-10-22 1961-12-19 Gen Electric Method of forming a conductive film
US2910607A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-10-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic type electron tube
US2952789A (en) * 1955-03-08 1960-09-13 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket
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US2850663A (en) * 1955-05-27 1958-09-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Planar tube
US2837683A (en) * 1955-09-13 1958-06-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Planar tubes
US2996401A (en) * 1955-09-30 1961-08-15 Eitel Mccullough Inc Method of making ceramic structures for electron tubes
US2903788A (en) * 1955-10-18 1959-09-15 Rca Corp Method and material for metallizing ceramics
US2820727A (en) * 1956-05-22 1958-01-21 Gen Electric Method of metallizing ceramic bodies
US2840746A (en) * 1956-10-22 1958-06-24 Gen Electric Electric discharge device including improved anode structure
US2961352A (en) * 1957-01-02 1960-11-22 Gen Electric Resistance films and method of making
US2883575A (en) * 1957-03-28 1959-04-21 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron tube
US3940656A (en) * 1957-06-13 1976-02-24 Varian Associates High frequency tube apparatus
US3047764A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-07-31 Bendix Corp Cold cathode discharge device
US2950411A (en) * 1958-05-26 1960-08-23 Rca Corp Power tubes for operation at high frequencies
US3028516A (en) * 1959-02-13 1962-04-03 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket therefor
US3115957A (en) * 1959-02-18 1963-12-31 Eitel Mccullough Inc Art of sealing quartz to metal
DE1130933B (en) * 1959-02-24 1962-06-07 Rca Corp High-performance electron tubes with a system arranged concentrically to the tube axis with a ceramic piston and an arrangement for heat dissipation of a tube in a chassis
US3054012A (en) * 1959-02-24 1962-09-11 Rca Corp High power electron discharge device
US3569755A (en) * 1960-08-09 1971-03-09 Varian Associates Vacuum tube and method of making it
US3204140A (en) * 1961-07-10 1965-08-31 Gen Electric Hot cathode electron tube
US3198875A (en) * 1962-05-03 1965-08-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Housing for semi-conductor rectifier
US3256458A (en) * 1962-11-22 1966-06-14 Csf Electrode structure
US3394451A (en) * 1965-07-28 1968-07-30 Varian Associates Metal-to-ceramic seal for high voltage electron tubes and methods of fabrication
US3401292A (en) * 1966-06-17 1968-09-10 Fivre Valvole Radio Elett Spa Fluid cooled hollow cathode discharge tube
US3594603A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-07-20 Desoto Inc Field emission circuit element and circuit
US3656225A (en) * 1969-09-30 1972-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of sealing and evacuating vacuum envelopes
US3736658A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-06-05 Atomic Energy Commission Thermionic gas-pressure-bonded sheathed insulators and method of producing same
US3736648A (en) * 1971-12-20 1973-06-05 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of bonding a zirconia member with another member
US5046242A (en) * 1982-07-27 1991-09-10 Commonwealth Of Australia Method of making feedthrough assemblies having hermetic seals between electrical feedthrough elements and ceramic carriers therefor
US20140340904A1 (en) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Micro-Hybrid Electronic Gmbh Hermetically Gastight Optoelectronic or Electro-Optical Component and Method for Producing the Same
US10845047B2 (en) * 2013-05-14 2020-11-24 Micro-Hybrid Electronic Gmbh Hermetically gastight optoelectronic or electro-optical component and method for producing the same

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