US2646548A - Electron tube coder device - Google Patents

Electron tube coder device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2646548A
US2646548A US103904A US10390449A US2646548A US 2646548 A US2646548 A US 2646548A US 103904 A US103904 A US 103904A US 10390449 A US10390449 A US 10390449A US 2646548 A US2646548 A US 2646548A
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United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
amplitude
electrode
tube
electron
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US103904A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ville Jean Andre
Pages Andre Paul
Herreng Pierre Alphonse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B14/00—Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B14/02—Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission characterised by the use of pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/22—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to systems "for transmitting complex intelligence Waves in vwhich the instantaneous amplitudes of said'waves are analyzed vat recurrent time intervals and the amplitude samples thus obtained are translatedrinto coded signals consisting of groups of 'an integer number n of pulses, each pulse of which can assume one or the other of two values ⁇ or possible signalling conditions.
  • coder and decoder devices comprising essentially electronic 'tubes containing means for generating an electron beam, means for deflecting said electron beam, an electron collecting anode land a mask or apertured electrode with cut out parts inserted on the path of the beam.
  • coder and decoder devices comprising essentially electronic 'tubes containing means for generating an electron beam, means for deflecting said electron beam, an electron collecting anode land a mask or apertured electrode with cut out parts inserted on the path of the beam.
  • the complex intelligence wave to be transmitted is rst transformed into an electric voltage, hereinafter called the modified signal voltage, having a square wave-shape whose peaks have amplitudes related to the sampled amplitudes, being, for instance, proportional to the latter. It is further known that, in practice an exact proportionality is unnecessary. 1f the sample amplitudes vary between extreme values respectively proportional to integer knumbers l and 2, it -is generally deemed suiicient to give the modied signal voltage one of a series of 2ndistinct values and to substitute for the exact proportional value corresponding to the sampled amplitude the nearest approximation to it, by excess or defect, in
  • Transmitting systems are known, essentially comprising coding devices made up Yof electronic tubes wherein the electronic beam is deiiected in a rst direction, by an amount depending on the amplitude of each sample, then deflected in ya second direction to scan the mask and generate inthe anode circuit groups ofpulses, each one of .which corresponds to athepassing of the beam through one'of the cutout portions Aof .the mask.
  • the mask In-such tubesthe mask 'should comprise as many groups of-solid or Vcut-out portions, usually in a two dimensional array'as there are distinct sampled amplitudes. The two-dimensional scanning of -a predetermined Igroup by the 'beam raises difficulties.
  • the vtransmitting device comprises 'essentially Aa tube of ⁇ simpler y3 Claims. (01.332-111 construction wherein the combinations :of pulse groups :are generated ⁇ by :displacement and 'scanning in onedirection'only, the 'mask lcomprising a single row of cutout portions.
  • the vinvention is 'based "on the fact that it is possible to classify all the 2n possible Ygroups of 1L pulses, e'ach of which may vassume 'either 'one of two values and representing 'the 2'" amplitudes distinguished duringthe sampling of a'complex wave into such an order that ⁇ th ⁇ e (vz-1') :last pulses of 'a group "have individu-ally Tthe 'same values as the (1k-1) "firstpulsesofth'efollowing group. f
  • a transmission systemA lthe coder device comprises essentially a tube containing means for generating an electronic beam, means for deflecting said beam in one direction, an electron 'collecting anode and a mask interposed on the beam trajectory and comprising a row of vsolid or cutout elements, said cut 'out portions beingarranged in such -amanner 'that when the 'maskis scanned by thebe'am, Ithe-27L possible combinationsof solid or'cut out elements are met Aonly once, taking the 'Kn-'1) 'last .elements of leach combination as the Av n'l) Lrst elements'of the following combination.
  • the solid and cutout elements of the mask may correspondvrespectively to the 'iection the-scanning, in--recurrence withea'ch 3 modified signal voltage of a number of solid or cut out elements of the mask equal to the number of pulses in the coded groups, and means for collecting the pulses generated in the circuit of the anode of the tube by the passing of the beam through the cut out portions of the mask.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, schematically, a coder electron tube which constitutes the essential element of the device
  • Figure 2 illustrates, in front view and on a larger scale, one of the electrodes of the above tube
  • Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram of the main elements of a two channel transmitting device constructed in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 4 is a diagram representing the wave shape of the voltages applied to certain electrodes of the coder tube of a transmission channel as well as the shape of the code signals generated by this tube.
  • the amplitude of the signal in each channel is sampled with a recurrent frequency F and the amplitude value is finally transmitted in the form of a conventional signal constituted by n pulses.
  • the sampling times in the various channels are offset with respect to one another so as to ensure, in each cycle of frequency F the successive transmission of a code signal group for each one of the N channels associated in the multiple transmission.
  • the possible range of variation of the signal amplitude is divided into 27L elementary intervals provided with a rank number.
  • the coder tube I illustrated in Figure l, which is an electron tube according to the invention, comprises an electron emitting cathode 2, an electrode 3 controlling the intensity of the electron beam and operable to suppress the same, a focussing electrode 4, vertical deflection plates 5, an electrode B consisting of a mask provided with windows and a collecting anode l.
  • the mask electrode 6, disposed along the deflection part of the electron beam shown in front elevation in Figure 2 comprises a plurality of narrow horizontal windows 8, whose distribution along the major axis of the electrode corresponds to that of the figures in the basic sequence, hereinbefore referred to, there being one window corresponding to each figure 1 of said sequence, and the various solid parts or windows individually representing gures in said sequence having equal or nearly lengths along said major axis.
  • the corresponding rank for the 16 Igures of the sequence has been indicated opposite the cor responding intervals on the screen 6.
  • the Various electrodes of the tube l are energized in accordance with the conventional technique, by voltages ensuring their normal operation.
  • the control electrode and the deflection plates are subjected respectively, to voltages which, (a) start the beam only at certain in stants and (b), vary the point of impact Of the beam on the mask electrode as will be hereinafter explained.
  • 3i represents a basic generator supplying the frequency F.
  • 32 andr 32' represent the two coder tubes of the two associated channels. The code signals generated, alternately, by these tubes are applied by line 33 to the transmission circuit.
  • te and 34 are two square wave voltage generators each controlled by the basic generator and each actuating the beam intensity control electrode of its associated tube so as to cause an alternate starting of the beams of the two tubes;
  • 35 and S5 are two saw tooth voltage generators controlled by the basic generator 3! and actuating, in alternation, the defiection plates of the two tubes.
  • 3S and 35' are two square wave voltage generators also controlled by generator 3l, actuating, in alternation, the deflection plates oi the two tubes.
  • These square wave voltages are respectively amplitude modulated from the signal voltages in each channel, which are supplied by lines 37, 3'1", and constitute what'has been hereabove called the modified signal voltage to the instantaneous amplitude of the signal at one sampling instant.
  • shows, on an arbitrary scale, the amplitude of the signal of the rst channel as a function of time.
  • the time interval i3-44 is allotted to the transmission of a signal from the first channel, 3-A5 to a signal from the second channel, l5-G6, again to a signal from the first channel and so on.
  • the time interval @1t-4E is the reciprocal of the sampling frequency
  • Each interval such as i3-lit is divided into four elementary intervals, each of them allotted to the sending of a pulse of the four element code signal group.
  • the saw tooth curve 41 shows the voltage provided by the generator 35 and applied to the deection plates of the electron tube.
  • the straight line segments 4t represent the resultant voltage applied to the deection plates at the times when the beam is on, which voltage is the sum of the saw tooth voltage Lil and the amplitude modulated square wave voltage or modified signal voltage 43.
  • the heig t (that is to say the position intermediate the ends of the screen electrode), of the impact point of the beam on the mask electrode is proportional to this voltage.
  • the correspondence between the window locations on the mask electrode and the voltages applied to the deflection electrodes has been shown on a Vertical axis at the right hand side of the figure.
  • the amplitude of the square wave voltage 43 has been adjusted in such .a manner that the beam impact sweeps l5 inter- ⁇ vals of the screen when the signal voltage passes from its minimum to its maximum value and that the amplitude of the saw tooth voltage 49 has been adjusted so as to cause a deection of four intervals.
  • the deection voltage is raised agneau-4s 5 to .Q52 and then fcomestback, .1inearly,to the ;level 57i. sloperof theisaw ito'othwavezis adjusted in such a manner #that Athis part of tit :is gone through 'duringzthe .timetinterval A15-'411. .
  • the beam :sweeps through four intervals of/.the mask and thetub'e lpasses afshort pulse every time the beam goes through a window.
  • the pulses thusfgenerated constitute the code group characterizing the .amplitude of 4
  • the present invention also -applies to systems of secret transmission in which the signals must be impossible to decipher without the knowledge of a secret code.
  • the correspondence between the amplitude value of a signal to be transmitted and the corresponding code signals is effected through a sequence of 2n binary digits, which ensures a relative secret. 'I'he secret nature of this transmission may be made practically absolute by varying, in time, the rank from which are counted, in the basic sequence, the combinations of n digits and consequently the correspondence between the amplitude values and the code signals.
  • An electron tube for use in a coder for translating an intelligence wave represented by a variable electric voltage occurring at recurring time intervals into groups of code signals, each group comprising an integer number n of pulses, each pulse being of one or the other of two possible signalling conditions; said electron tube comprising a cathode emitting electrons, an electron gun for the production of an electronic beam, a control.
  • anode for collecting the electrons of said beam which pass through the cut out portions of said apertured electrode, an external circuit connected to said anode, means eiiective during each sampling of the intelligence wave to be converted into code signals for applying to the said deflecting electrodes a voltage approximately proportional to the sample amplitude of said intelligence wave thereby directing said electron beam at a related predetermined part of said apertured electrode, means for applying to said control electrode a controlling voltage so as to establish said electron beam only during predeterminer recurring time intervals, means Vfor applying to said deilecting electrodes and during said recurring time intervals a sweeping voltage so as to cause said electron beam to sweep said predetermined part of said mask apertured electrode along said given direction and over a dis tance encompassing n consecutive portions of said apertured electrode, thereby causing a sequence of pulses to be produced in said external circuit, and means for impressing said pulses upon a working circuit.
  • a transmitting device comprising a main generator of electric oscillations having a basic frequency corresponding to the recurrenttime intervals for sampling of the amplitude of said intelligence wave, at least one electronic tube, each said electronic tube including a cathode emitting electrons, an electron gun for the production of an 7 electronic beam, a control electrode'for establishing or interrupting said beam, deflecting electrodes for deecting said beam ina given direction under the action of an external voltage, an apertured electrodedisposed in the path of said beam and having a single row of solid and cut out portions extending along said given ,direction and numbering 2"-i-(n-1), said solid and cut out portions being arranged in such an order that

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
US103904A 1948-07-21 1949-07-09 Electron tube coder device Expired - Lifetime US2646548A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2646548X 1948-07-21
FR969942T 1948-07-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2646548A true US2646548A (en) 1953-07-21

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US103904A Expired - Lifetime US2646548A (en) 1948-07-21 1949-07-09 Electron tube coder device

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2646548A (fr)
BE (2) BE489663A (fr)
CH (2) CH287040A (fr)
DE (1) DE845214C (fr)
FR (2) FR969942A (fr)
GB (2) GB661808A (fr)
NL (1) NL80113C (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2711443A (en) * 1953-02-06 1955-06-21 Alsacienne Constr Meca Pulse code transmission device
US2841740A (en) * 1955-11-21 1958-07-01 Ibm Convertible storage systems
US3324345A (en) * 1962-08-21 1967-06-06 Wieslaw Barwicz Apparatus for converting analog quantities into numerical quantities

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB849892A (en) * 1958-06-25 1960-09-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to coding arrangements for electric pulse code modulation

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1757345A (en) * 1930-05-06 Radio tube
US2144337A (en) * 1936-02-28 1939-01-17 Rca Corp Electrical device
US2189898A (en) * 1933-08-23 1940-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System of communication
US2437707A (en) * 1945-12-27 1948-03-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Communication system employing pulse code modulation
US2438908A (en) * 1945-05-10 1948-04-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse code modulation communication system
US2441296A (en) * 1943-12-27 1948-05-11 Rca Corp Computer system
US2451044A (en) * 1945-07-09 1948-10-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Communication system employing pulse code modulation
US2453461A (en) * 1946-06-19 1948-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Code modulation communication system
US2458652A (en) * 1946-12-13 1949-01-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2463535A (en) * 1946-03-22 1949-03-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2473091A (en) * 1946-03-18 1949-06-14 Desmond B Brooks Marble projector
US2485821A (en) * 1948-08-05 1949-10-25 Gloess Paul Francois Marie Translation of duration modulated code pulses into equal length code pulses
US2489883A (en) * 1946-12-28 1949-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse code modulation receiver employing cathode-ray tube demodulators
US2496633A (en) * 1947-12-24 1950-02-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multitarget cathode-ray device
US2505029A (en) * 1949-02-09 1950-04-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Decoder for pulse code modulation
US2537843A (en) * 1947-09-09 1951-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse regeneration apparatus

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1757345A (en) * 1930-05-06 Radio tube
US2189898A (en) * 1933-08-23 1940-02-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System of communication
US2144337A (en) * 1936-02-28 1939-01-17 Rca Corp Electrical device
US2441296A (en) * 1943-12-27 1948-05-11 Rca Corp Computer system
US2438908A (en) * 1945-05-10 1948-04-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse code modulation communication system
US2451044A (en) * 1945-07-09 1948-10-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Communication system employing pulse code modulation
US2437707A (en) * 1945-12-27 1948-03-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Communication system employing pulse code modulation
US2473091A (en) * 1946-03-18 1949-06-14 Desmond B Brooks Marble projector
US2463535A (en) * 1946-03-22 1949-03-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2453461A (en) * 1946-06-19 1948-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Code modulation communication system
US2458652A (en) * 1946-12-13 1949-01-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2489883A (en) * 1946-12-28 1949-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse code modulation receiver employing cathode-ray tube demodulators
US2537843A (en) * 1947-09-09 1951-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse regeneration apparatus
US2496633A (en) * 1947-12-24 1950-02-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multitarget cathode-ray device
US2485821A (en) * 1948-08-05 1949-10-25 Gloess Paul Francois Marie Translation of duration modulated code pulses into equal length code pulses
US2505029A (en) * 1949-02-09 1950-04-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Decoder for pulse code modulation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2711443A (en) * 1953-02-06 1955-06-21 Alsacienne Constr Meca Pulse code transmission device
US2841740A (en) * 1955-11-21 1958-07-01 Ibm Convertible storage systems
US3324345A (en) * 1962-08-21 1967-06-06 Wieslaw Barwicz Apparatus for converting analog quantities into numerical quantities

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR969942A (fr) 1950-12-27
FR61244E (fr) 1955-04-05
DE845214C (de) 1952-07-28
NL80113C (fr)
CH287040A (fr) 1952-11-15
BE508629A (fr)
BE489663A (fr)
CH309100A (fr) 1955-08-15
GB701347A (en) 1953-12-23
GB661808A (en) 1951-11-28

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