US2643192A - Electrical insulator - Google Patents

Electrical insulator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2643192A
US2643192A US98546A US9854649A US2643192A US 2643192 A US2643192 A US 2643192A US 98546 A US98546 A US 98546A US 9854649 A US9854649 A US 9854649A US 2643192 A US2643192 A US 2643192A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mol
bao
per cent
zno
tan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US98546A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jonker Gerard Heinrich
Schilperoord Pieter Bened Arie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Original Assignee
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2643192A publication Critical patent/US2643192A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G9/00—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
    • H03G9/02—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers
    • H03G9/04—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes
    • H03G9/06—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes for gain control and tone control
    • H03G9/08—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes for gain control and tone control incorporating negative feedback
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
    • C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
    • C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G9/00—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
    • H03G9/02—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers
    • H03G9/04—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes
    • H03G9/06—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having discharge tubes for gain control and tone control

Definitions

  • barium metatitanate BaO.TiO2
  • BaO.TiO2 is particularly known on account of its extremely high dielectric constant (e greater than 1000).
  • dielectric constant e greater than 1000.
  • the tangent of the loss angle, tan a, and the temperature coefficient of dielectric constant of barium metatitanate are too high for many uses.
  • barium tetratitanate BaOATiOz
  • Barium tetratitanate has a much lower dielectric constant than barium metatitanate (e about 40) but has a lower tan 6 and a temperature coeflicient of dielectric constant of about +100.10- per C.
  • a third compound barium trititanate, BaOBTiOz may be formed, of which the dielectric constant and the tan 6 approximately correspond with those of barium tetratitanate but of which the temperature coeflicient is about -100.10- per C.
  • the ternary system ZnO-BaO-TiOz includes compositions which permit of obtaining valuable dielectrics by sintering or melting and which with regard to their working up differ from mixtures of Ba() and TiO2 in that the desired stable final state is readily reached even at a comparatively low temperature and that a better sintering is obtained.
  • Fig. 1 shows a ternary diagram defining regions in which preferred compositions of the invention will be found
  • Fig. 2 shows a ternary diagram similar to Fig. 1 defining the entire region in whichv the compositions of the invention are found;
  • the said advantages are obtained in the first place with compositions forming products built up from mixed crystals located in the regions indicated in the accompanying ternary diagram (Fig. 1) by A and B, and also from mixtures of the said mixed crystals.
  • the limits of the said mixed-crystal regions are dependent to a small extent on the temperature treatment chosen in the preparation.
  • These mixed crystals may be regarded as barium tetratitanate and barium trititanate respectively in which a portion of the Ti -ions is substituted by a substantially equivalent amount of Zn -ions.
  • compositions forming products consisting of mixtures of zinc orthotitanate with these mixed crystals.
  • Fig. 1 phase diagram of the system BaO-ZnO--TiO2 included within lines I and II connecting the mixed-crystal regions A and B to the point corresponding to the composition of zinc orthotitanate are the compositions referred to previously.
  • the region of compositions according to the invention does not include those which are built up from only two components.
  • the products obtained by sintering or melting and built up from mixed crystals located in the regions A and B, as well as those from the mixtures of the said mixed crystals have a tan a lower than about 5.10- and a dielectric constant comprised between about 30 and 40, the temperature coefllcient of dielectric constant frequently having decreased to values comprised between - ⁇ -50.10* and -50.10" per C.
  • the table following hereinafter shows a number of products of different compositions the dielectric properties and the sintering temperatures used with these 3 compositions.
  • the table also includes data for barium tetratitanate, barium trititanate and zinc orthotitanate.
  • the tan 5 increases very rapidly directly outcrease" in tan oresults, as is illustrated in the side the region bounded by the lines I and II of following table: the diagram (Fig. l) and the mixed-crystal 25 regions A d B.
  • the constituents may be partly substituted isomorphously by other oxides without appreciable influence on the dielectric properties, if this substitution takes place in such manner that the product obtained remains built up subhigh tan 5' resulting.
  • the dielectric constant is then greater, but the temperature coeflicient, which is negative, is also greater. Examples of BeO substitution are illustrated in the following table:
  • the insulating substance thus obtained may stituents' of the compositions according to the be used, ft having been pulverised fo the invintiontagid 115 partially replacing oxldes for manufacture of so-called drawn condensers eac cons 1 mm which, as is known er se, ma be obtained in
  • the invention which is based on the foregoing that a plurality of oaxial cori ductors between relates to an electrical insulator consisting of a which insulating material is provided is mass, obPained by SinFering F Substan" jected to a treatment for the purpose of decreas- 1 2:323702 i;23H?
  • Ion are 27X73Z calculated in mol. per cent, where Xinig gjg g gg gzfig gg for use m e manu' eludes BaO and one of the oxides selected from c
  • the invention further relates to a method of igi f g g gfig fifi gi iig g g ggg preparing an insulating substance on the basis of the B210 Y includes Zno and g more than of the above-described mixed crystals or mixtures by mixing of the initial substances, for example in a ball mill, and subsequent heating.
  • constitutive oxides themselves also compounds of these oxides, such as titanates, and compounds which change to the oxides concerned on application of heat may be used as initial materials.
  • the heating process is performed in a neutral or oxidising atmosphere in such manner that the conversions into the desired mixed crystals 5 mol. per cent of CdO, not more than 35 mol. per cent of BeO and not more than 50 mol. per cent MgO, and Z includes T102 and one of the oxides selected from the group consisting of mm, $1102 and S102 in an amount not exceeding one quarter of the T102.
  • a ceramic dielectric consisting essentially of a ternary composition defined wholly within the region of the phase diagram of the ternary system X-Y-Z shown in Fig. 2 of the accom- 7 panying diagram bounded by angular points having the composition 18X -82Z, 15X19Y-65Z, 6'7Y-33Z, 18X--27Y55Z, 27X-12Y-61Z and 2725-432 calculated in mol. per cent, where X -consists of 1320, Y consists of ZnO, and Z consists of T102.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
US98546A 1948-06-25 1949-06-11 Electrical insulator Expired - Lifetime US2643192A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL306761X 1948-06-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2643192A true US2643192A (en) 1953-06-23

Family

ID=19783510

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US98546A Expired - Lifetime US2643192A (en) 1948-06-25 1949-06-11 Electrical insulator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2643192A (fr)
BE (2) BE489798A (fr)
CH (1) CH306761A (fr)
FR (1) FR989476A (fr)
GB (1) GB689382A (fr)
IT (1) IT454567A (fr)
NL (1) NL78889C (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736080A (en) * 1956-02-28 walker etal
US2738284A (en) * 1956-03-13 Calis
US2768901A (en) * 1950-05-26 1956-10-30 Hazeltine Research Inc Ceramic dielectric materials and methods of producing the same
US2829979A (en) * 1953-01-15 1958-04-08 Csf Ceramic pieces of high dielectric constant and process of their manufacture
US2918381A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-12-22 British Dielectric Res Ltd Ceramic dielectric materials
US2944910A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-07-12 Champion Spark Plug Co Ceramic spark plug insulator
US3529978A (en) * 1969-09-23 1970-09-22 Globe Union Inc General purpose batio3 ceramic dielectric compositions

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL92523C (fr) * 1956-10-19 1959-10-15
US3340074A (en) * 1964-03-16 1967-09-05 Corning Glass Works Barium titanate materials
JPS5873908A (ja) * 1981-10-28 1983-05-04 ティーディーケイ株式会社 高周波用誘電体磁器組成物
JP3067815B2 (ja) * 1991-01-26 2000-07-24 日本特殊陶業株式会社 マイクロ波誘電体磁器組成物

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2071452A (en) * 1934-09-04 1937-02-23 Bloch Walter Low dielectric loss ceramic product and method of making
US2220765A (en) * 1937-02-06 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Vitreous material
US2277734A (en) * 1939-07-04 1942-03-31 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Dielectric material and method of making the same
US2369327A (en) * 1941-05-24 1945-02-13 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Ceramic preparation
GB574577A (en) * 1942-12-08 1946-01-11 Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd Improvements in or relating to ceramic compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2071452A (en) * 1934-09-04 1937-02-23 Bloch Walter Low dielectric loss ceramic product and method of making
US2220765A (en) * 1937-02-06 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Vitreous material
US2277734A (en) * 1939-07-04 1942-03-31 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Dielectric material and method of making the same
US2369327A (en) * 1941-05-24 1945-02-13 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Ceramic preparation
GB574577A (en) * 1942-12-08 1946-01-11 Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd Improvements in or relating to ceramic compositions

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736080A (en) * 1956-02-28 walker etal
US2738284A (en) * 1956-03-13 Calis
US2768901A (en) * 1950-05-26 1956-10-30 Hazeltine Research Inc Ceramic dielectric materials and methods of producing the same
US2829979A (en) * 1953-01-15 1958-04-08 Csf Ceramic pieces of high dielectric constant and process of their manufacture
US2918381A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-12-22 British Dielectric Res Ltd Ceramic dielectric materials
US2944910A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-07-12 Champion Spark Plug Co Ceramic spark plug insulator
US3529978A (en) * 1969-09-23 1970-09-22 Globe Union Inc General purpose batio3 ceramic dielectric compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT454567A (fr)
BE489797A (fr)
GB689382A (en) 1953-03-25
NL78889C (fr)
BE489798A (fr)
FR989476A (fr) 1951-09-10
CH306761A (de) 1955-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2643192A (en) Electrical insulator
GB574577A (en) Improvements in or relating to ceramic compositions
GB2084986A (en) Fine-grain semiconducting ceramic compsitions
US2220765A (en) Vitreous material
US3441516A (en) Vitreous enamel resistor composition and resistor made therefrom
US2616813A (en) Condenser
US3041189A (en) Production of ceramic material
US3431124A (en) Ceramic dielectric
US20030100427A1 (en) Dielectric ceramic composition
US2576379A (en) Ceramic dielectrics comprising essentially titania
US2434236A (en) Ceramic insulator
US2069903A (en) Insulating material having a high dielectric constant and a process of producing same
US3493404A (en) Ceramic material
US2576380A (en) Ceramic dielectrics comprising essentially titania
US3455708A (en) Ceramic material
US2739900A (en) Ceramic dielectric of high specific inductive capacity
US2525627A (en) Titanate composition
US3468680A (en) Ceramic dielectrics
US2668118A (en) Electric insulator
US2873198A (en) Hard refractory compositions
US2872726A (en) Sintered hard compositions
US2259138A (en) Method of preparing electrically insulating material
US2982664A (en) Ceramic body
JPH0340962A (ja) 誘電体磁器組成物
US2689186A (en) Ceramic dielectric materials