US2642046A - Stand boiler with vertical flue, circulating coil, and indirectly heated domestic supply - Google Patents
Stand boiler with vertical flue, circulating coil, and indirectly heated domestic supply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2642046A US2642046A US175440A US17544050A US2642046A US 2642046 A US2642046 A US 2642046A US 175440 A US175440 A US 175440A US 17544050 A US17544050 A US 17544050A US 2642046 A US2642046 A US 2642046A
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- Prior art keywords
- tank
- flue
- water
- shell
- boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/205—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes
- F24H1/207—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes with water tubes
Definitions
- a further object is the creation of a boiler or water heater in which the temperature of the water can be quickly raised with a minimum consumption of fuel.
- Another object is to provide a boiler and water heater of such simplicity that servicing can be easily performed by the most inexperienced.
- water heater is made in the form of a hollow tank with a flue passageway along the longitudinal center line, the flue flaring outwardly and downwardly at the bottom to form a canopy over the fire box.
- a shell terminating interiorly of the tank at the top and having openings'around the base which permit a flow of water from the main body to the restricted space between the flue and shell for quickly heating the confined water which rises to be expelled over the top of the shell and to mix with the main body of water for a repetition of the cycle.
- a domestic hotwater supply coil is located within the tank.
- the usual outside expansion tank is eliminated and is substituted by an air compression chamber located in the-top portion of the tank.
- the tank may be used for circulating hot water through heat radiators.
- the apparatus of the present invention may constitute a complete unit for installation in a home, which will heat it and supply it with hot water.
- Figure l is a sectional view of a water heater constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line 2-2 .of Figure l, on an enlarged scale;
- Figure 3 is a side view of the bafile
- Figure 4 is a section through a differently constructed water heater.
- the tank I0 is a hollow cylindrical container longitudinal center line of which is a cylindrical flue pipe 12.
- the flue pipe I2 flares outwardly and downwardly to the'bottom rim of the boiler where the two members are attached by welding or other suitable means, the flaring bottom of the flue forming a canopy over the fire box.
- the flue pipe 12 is similarly attached to the tank along the jine of jointure, and may even extend above the tank, as illustrated, for convenience in hooking up with the smoke stack (not shown)
- Concentrically formed around the surface'of the flue pipe within the tank is a shell l3 held in spaced relationship therewith by any suitable spacers I4.
- the shell 13 forms a second canopy in spaced relationship with the canopy of the flue and is fastened to the inner surface of the tank.
- the second canopy has formed therethrough adjacent the bottom edge a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings l5 communicating with the space between the canopies.
- the shell terminates within the tank (Fig. 1).
- a spiral tube Within the flue pipe 12 and intermediate the top of the shell [3 and the top of the expanded base portions or canopies of the flue and shell is a spiral tube it the lower end of which passes through the flue and shell and terminates in the main body of water as illustrated. The upper end of the spiral tube similarly passes through the flue and shell l3.
- a domestic hot water supply coil I? of known design is located within the tank and may be placed in the path of heated water discharged from the-upper end of the spiral tube I6.
- abafiie l8 formed from two upright members l9 and 20 joined by any suitable means 2! (Fig. 3) and having along opposite sides a number of similar horizontal members. 23 of semi-circular form, the members having a di-,- ameter less than the inside diameter of the flue. Adjacent horizontal members are oppositely directed and serve in'the manner of the threads of a screw for inserting the bafile within the spiral coil l6. At the top of the upright member 2i? an opening is made and through which a pin 21a is passed to hold the bafile in any desired position relative to the spiral tube.
- Any suitable means may be used for supporting the ends (1311 the pin 2
- the fire box H may be lined with the usual 3 refractory material (not shown) and has an inwardly directed flange 20 on which the bottom of the tank or boiler rests.
- the flange 21 can be reenforced for the weight supported. Any suitable fluid can be used for firing the boiler and with only slight modification a solid fuel canalso be used.
- water fills the tank It to about I the line 23, leaving a space 21 in the upper part or the tank III, which serves as an air compression chamber and a substitute for an expansion tank;
- the water in the restricted space between the flue and shell is first heated and rises around the flue to spill over the top of the shell and mix with the water of lower temperature in the upper part of the tank for a repetition of the cycle.
- the water adjacent the outer surface of the shell will also absorb heat and cause a circulation in the direction of the arrows except as interrupted by the flow of water through the openings in the base or the shell.
- Water for heating purposes is supplied to radiators through a pipe or outlet 25 which is on the oppo ite side or the tank relative to the outlet or top of the spiral tube and in the lane thereof. Water is returned into the tank It through a pipe or inlet '24 spaced above the canopies and substantially in the plane of the inlet or bottom or the spiral tube and on the side of the tank opposite to the bottom of the tube by means of a pump (not shown).
- the device shown in Figure 4 includes a tank I I0 and a fire box III, the heat bein supplied by a burner I30. 7
- the tank III] includes an outer casing l3], an inner easing I32 and a heat insulated lining I33.
- a flue pipe II? is located within the tank III).
- the pipe I I2 extends outwardly to form a casing I34 which is attached to the tank III).
- the pipe H2 is attached to the cover I35 or the tank III].
- a shell H3 extends concentrically around the flue pipe H2 and terminates in a casing I36 which extends around the casing I34 and which terminates at a substantial distance from the bottom of the casing I36. so as to provide free circulation of water.
- the shell i I3 terminates within the tank.
- the inner surfaces of the flue pipe H2 are curved and are provided with helical bafiles'oi' ribs I23.
- Pipes I3! are embedded in the hue pipe H2.
- the lower ends of the pipes I37 extend through the chamber enclosed by the casing I34 and'terminate within the tank in the space between the bottom edges of the casings I36 and I34,
- the upper ends of the pipes I3! are located within the tank above the upper end of the shell I I3, Hot water for domestic use is heated within 4 the coil II! and is circulated through passages I38.
- the describedapparatus is'most suitable for quickly and conveniently supplying hot water for domestic and other use.
- a domestic hotwater heating unit comprising a fire box, a tank vertically disposed above the fire box, a flue vertically disposed through the tank along the longitudinal, center line thereof, the flue at the bottom flaring outwardly ai'ld downwardly and forming a canopy over the fire box,.'a shell disp sed in the tank, the shell being con entric with the hire and terminatin interio'rly oi the tank at the to and terminating at the bottomin a second canopy in spaced relationship with the firstmentioned canopy, the second mentioned canopy having formed therein a lurality of o enings communicating with the space intermediate thefirst and second mentioned canopies, the tank having formed therein a water inlet adjacent the top of the second mentioned canopyanda water outlet below the to of the shell, the inlet and outlet being on the same side or, the tank, water for the tank to a level intermediate the outlet and the to or the shell, a water circulating spiral pipe dis osed in the fiu, the Grid Of the
- bafiie comprising an upright member, a plurality of spaced horizontal members of semi-circular form disposed on-the upright member, the diameter of the horizontal members being less than that of the flue and-successive members being oppositelydireeted and spaced apart a distance 'coacting with the pitch of the spiral tube.
Description
June 16, 1953 c. z. ALEXANDER 2,642,046
STAND BOILER W TH VERTICAL FLUE, CIRCULATING COIL, AND INDIRECTLY HEATED DOMESTIC SUPPLY 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 22, 1950 7 [0 11 G za nvvezvroza C'ARL Z. ALEXANDER I lbaw ATTORNEYS June 16, 1953 c. z. ALEXANDER 2,642,046
STAND BOILER WITH VERTICAL FLUE, CIRCULATING con, AND INDIRECTLY HEATED DOMESTIC SUPPLY Filed July 22, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. C'AQL Z. ALEXANDER GZW Q ATTORNEYS "Patented June 16; 1953 p STAND BOILER WITH CIRCULATING COIL,
Es PATENT 2,642,046 OFFICE VERTICAL FLUE, AND INDIRECTLY HEATED DOMESTIC SUPPLY Carl Z. Alexander, Chatham, N. J. Application July 22, 1950, Serial No. 175,440
1 Claim. (01. 122-16 This invention relates to water heaters and boilers for domestic heating.
It is an object of the instant invention to provide an efficient boiler and water heater of inexpensive design.
A further object is the creation of a boiler or water heater in which the temperature of the water can be quickly raised with a minimum consumption of fuel.
' Another objectis to provide a boiler and water heater of such simplicity that servicing can be easily performed by the most inexperienced.
Other objects of the instant invention will become apparent in the course of the following specification.
formed from suitable material and along the In the accomplishment of these objectives, a
water heater is made in the form of a hollow tank with a flue passageway along the longitudinal center line, the flue flaring outwardly and downwardly at the bottom to form a canopy over the fire box. Within the tank and concentric with the flue is a shell terminating interiorly of the tank at the top and having openings'around the base which permit a flow of water from the main body to the restricted space between the flue and shell for quickly heating the confined water which rises to be expelled over the top of the shell and to mix with the main body of water for a repetition of the cycle. A domestic hotwater supply coil is located within the tank. In accordance with an important feature of this invention-the usual outside expansion tank is eliminated and is substituted by an air compression chamber located in the-top portion of the tank.
In addition to the heating of hot water in special coils the tank may be used for circulating hot water through heat radiators. Thus, the apparatus of the present invention may constitute a complete unit for installation in a home, which will heat it and supply it with hot water.
The invention will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings showing by way of example a preferred embodiment of the inventive idea.
In the drawings:
Figure l is a sectional view of a water heater constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view along the line 2-2 .of Figure l, on an enlarged scale;
Figure 3is a side view of the bafile;
Figure 4 is a section through a differently constructed water heater.
Referring now in greater detail to Figures 1 1703 of the drawings where like reference numerals indicate like parts, reference numeral It! indicates the tank and II the fire box. 7
The tank I0 is a hollow cylindrical container longitudinal center line of which is a cylindrical flue pipe 12. At the bottom, the flue pipe I2 flares outwardly and downwardly to the'bottom rim of the boiler where the two members are attached by welding or other suitable means, the flaring bottom of the flue forming a canopy over the fire box. At the top, the flue pipe 12 is similarly attached to the tank along the jine of jointure, and may even extend above the tank, as illustrated, for convenience in hooking up with the smoke stack (not shown) Concentrically formed around the surface'of the flue pipe within the tank is a shell l3 held in spaced relationship therewith by any suitable spacers I4. At the bottom, the shell 13 forms a second canopy in spaced relationship with the canopy of the flue and is fastened to the inner surface of the tank. The second canopy has formed therethrough adjacent the bottom edge a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings l5 communicating with the space between the canopies. At the top, the shell terminates within the tank (Fig. 1).
Within the flue pipe 12 and intermediate the top of the shell [3 and the top of the expanded base portions or canopies of the flue and shell is a spiral tube it the lower end of which passes through the flue and shell and terminates in the main body of water as illustrated. The upper end of the spiral tube similarly passes through the flue and shell l3.
A domestic hot water supply coil I? of known design is located within the tank and may be placed in the path of heated water discharged from the-upper end of the spiral tube I6.
Within the flue l2 and coacting with the spiral tube [6 is abafiie l8 formed from two upright members l9 and 20 joined by any suitable means 2! (Fig. 3) and having along opposite sides a number of similar horizontal members. 23 of semi-circular form, the members having a di-,- ameter less than the inside diameter of the flue. Adjacent horizontal members are oppositely directed and serve in'the manner of the threads of a screw for inserting the bafile within the spiral coil l6. At the top of the upright member 2i? an opening is made and through which a pin 21a is passed to hold the bafile in any desired position relative to the spiral tube. Any suitable means (not shown) may be used for supporting the ends (1311 the pin 2|a against the inner surfacev of the The sediment precipitated out of the water will fall to the bottom of the tank and to prevent clogging of the restricted space between the flue and shell, a cook 22 is threaded through the tank to form a controlled passageway between the restricted space and the outside. A
The fire box H may be lined with the usual 3 refractory material (not shown) and has an inwardly directed flange 20 on which the bottom of the tank or boiler rests. Of course, the flange 21; can be reenforced for the weight supported. Any suitable fluid can be used for firing the boiler and with only slight modification a solid fuel canalso be used.
In operation, water fills the tank It to about I the line 23, leaving a space 21 in the upper part or the tank III, which serves as an air compression chamber and a substitute for an expansion tank; The water in the restricted space between the flue and shell is first heated and rises around the flue to spill over the top of the shell and mix with the water of lower temperature in the upper part of the tank for a repetition of the cycle. In addition to the circulation of the water in the, constricted space, the water adjacent the outer surface of the shell will also absorb heat and cause a circulation in the direction of the arrows except as interrupted by the flow of water through the openings in the base or the shell. Of course, water from the tank will fill the spiral tube I6 which, inserted in the path of the products of combustion, will force the heated water out of the upper end of the spiral coil. The domestic hot water supply coil I? will be heated and will supply hot water through the pipes 23 t6 the llSlS.
Water for heating purposes is supplied to radiators through a pipe or outlet 25 which is on the oppo ite side or the tank relative to the outlet or top of the spiral tube and in the lane thereof. Water is returned into the tank It through a pipe or inlet '24 spaced above the canopies and substantially in the plane of the inlet or bottom or the spiral tube and on the side of the tank opposite to the bottom of the tube by means of a pump (not shown).
It is apparent that the described apparatus provides a most effective and inexpensive means for upplying heating and hot water to home dwellers. While the tank shown in the drawings is used for sup lying hot water, it is easily adaptable to supply steam or va or.
The device shown in Figure 4 includes a tank I I0 and a fire box III, the heat bein supplied by a burner I30. 7
The tank III] includes an outer casing l3], an inner easing I32 and a heat insulated lining I33.
A flue pipe II? is located within the tank III).
At the bottom, the pipe I I2 extends outwardly to form a casing I34 which is attached to the tank III). At the top, the pipe H2 is attached to the cover I35 or the tank III].
' A shell H3 extends concentrically around the flue pipe H2 and terminates in a casing I36 which extends around the casing I34 and which terminates at a substantial distance from the bottom of the casing I36. so as to provide free circulation of water. At the top, the shell i I3 terminates within the tank.
The inner surfaces of the flue pipe H2 are curved and are provided with helical bafiles'oi' ribs I23.
Pipes I3! are embedded in the hue pipe H2. The lower ends of the pipes I37 extend through the chamber enclosed by the casing I34 and'terminate within the tank in the space between the bottom edges of the casings I36 and I34, The upper ends of the pipes I3! are located within the tank above the upper end of the shell I I3, Hot water for domestic use is heated within 4 the coil II! and is circulated through passages I38. a
The circulation of heated water within the tank is indicated by arrows in Figure 4. In addition, water is heated within the pipes I31 and is continuously circulated therethrough.
The describedapparatus is'most suitable for quickly and conveniently supplying hot water for domestic and other use.
Itwill be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact disclosure herein described but may lend-itself to a variety of expressions within the scope of the appended claim.
What is claimed is:
A domestic hotwater heating unit comprising a fire box, a tank vertically disposed above the fire box, a flue vertically disposed through the tank along the longitudinal, center line thereof, the flue at the bottom flaring outwardly ai'ld downwardly and forming a canopy over the fire box,.'a shell disp sed in the tank, the shell being con entric with the hire and terminatin interio'rly oi the tank at the to and terminating at the bottomin a second canopy in spaced relationship with the firstmentioned canopy, the second mentioned canopy having formed therein a lurality of o enings communicating with the space intermediate thefirst and second mentioned canopies, the tank having formed therein a water inlet adjacent the top of the second mentioned canopyanda water outlet below the to of the shell, the inlet and outlet being on the same side or, the tank, water for the tank to a level intermediate the outlet and the to or the shell, a water circulating spiral pipe dis osed in the fiu, the Grid Of the Spiral pip at the hilttom extending through thefiiie and the shell and terminating interiorly of the tank on the side opposite the inlet and substantially in the plane thereof, the end of the spiral pipe at the top extending through the hue and the shell and terminating interiorly of the tank on the side thereof opposite the outlet and substantially in the plane thereof, a domestic hot water supply coil disposed in the tank below the water level thereof and coacting with the end of the spiral tube. at the top, and a baiile coa'cting with the spiral= tube-removably disposed in the flue,- the bafiie comprising an upright member, a plurality of spaced horizontal members of semi-circular form disposed on-the upright member, the diameter of the horizontal members being less than that of the flue and-successive members being oppositelydireeted and spaced apart a distance 'coacting with the pitch of the spiral tube.
' CARL Z. ALEXANDER.
References Cited in the file of this patent STATES PATENTS
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US175440A US2642046A (en) | 1950-07-22 | 1950-07-22 | Stand boiler with vertical flue, circulating coil, and indirectly heated domestic supply |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US175440A US2642046A (en) | 1950-07-22 | 1950-07-22 | Stand boiler with vertical flue, circulating coil, and indirectly heated domestic supply |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2642046A true US2642046A (en) | 1953-06-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US175440A Expired - Lifetime US2642046A (en) | 1950-07-22 | 1950-07-22 | Stand boiler with vertical flue, circulating coil, and indirectly heated domestic supply |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2642046A (en) |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2814278A (en) * | 1953-06-02 | 1957-11-26 | Donald L Cameron | Combined water heater and storage tank |
| US2905153A (en) * | 1954-12-10 | 1959-09-22 | Carl Z Alexander | Stand boiler |
| US3012547A (en) * | 1955-04-21 | 1961-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Unitized steam generator |
| US3024298A (en) * | 1958-07-10 | 1962-03-06 | Raytheon Co | Evaporative-gravity cooling systems |
| US4299194A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-11-10 | Hy-Way Heat Systems, Inc. | Hot oil heater with helical coil baffle |
| US4377133A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1983-03-22 | Mankekar Ajit D | Cryogenic heater |
| US4549525A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1985-10-29 | Narang Rajendra K | Oil and gas water heater |
| US4664096A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1987-05-12 | Narang Rajendra K | Oil and gas water heater |
| US4823770A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-04-25 | Logical Heating Systems, Inc. | Combination hydronic space heater and tankless hot water heater |
| US5485879A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-01-23 | Bradford White Corporation | Combined water heater and heat exchanger |
| US5660165A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1997-08-26 | Bradford White Corporation | Back-up heater |
| US6142216A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 2000-11-07 | Bradford White Corporation | Indirect water heater |
| US6170440B1 (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2001-01-09 | Premark Feg L.L.C. | Gas fired booster |
| US6640047B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-10-28 | Denso Corporation | Hybrid water heater with electrical heating unit and combustor |
| WO2004094923A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-04 | Parviz Khosrowyar | Indirect fired process heater |
| US20050067154A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Michael Gordon | Indirect water heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US20050109287A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | Frasure Charles J. | High efficiency tank type continuous flow and self cleaning water heater |
| US20050139173A1 (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2005-06-30 | Michael Gordon | Multi-wall heat exchanger for a water heater |
| US20070062464A1 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-03-22 | Frasure Charles J | High efficiency tank type continuous flow and self cleaning water heater |
| US20100195991A1 (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-05 | Sridhar Deivasigamani | Apparatus and control method for a hybrid tankless water heater |
| US20130312671A1 (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2013-11-28 | Sridhar Deivasigamani | Apparatus and control method for a hybrid tankless water heater |
| US10247446B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2019-04-02 | Lochinvar, Llc | Control system for modulating water heater |
| WO2019215715A1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | Yaich Hertzel | Boiler heating system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2814278A (en) * | 1953-06-02 | 1957-11-26 | Donald L Cameron | Combined water heater and storage tank |
| US2905153A (en) * | 1954-12-10 | 1959-09-22 | Carl Z Alexander | Stand boiler |
| US3012547A (en) * | 1955-04-21 | 1961-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Unitized steam generator |
| US3024298A (en) * | 1958-07-10 | 1962-03-06 | Raytheon Co | Evaporative-gravity cooling systems |
| US4299194A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-11-10 | Hy-Way Heat Systems, Inc. | Hot oil heater with helical coil baffle |
| US4549525A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1985-10-29 | Narang Rajendra K | Oil and gas water heater |
| US4664096A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1987-05-12 | Narang Rajendra K | Oil and gas water heater |
| US4377133A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1983-03-22 | Mankekar Ajit D | Cryogenic heater |
| US4823770A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1989-04-25 | Logical Heating Systems, Inc. | Combination hydronic space heater and tankless hot water heater |
| US5485879A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-01-23 | Bradford White Corporation | Combined water heater and heat exchanger |
| US5660165A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1997-08-26 | Bradford White Corporation | Back-up heater |
| US6142216A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 2000-11-07 | Bradford White Corporation | Indirect water heater |
| US6170440B1 (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2001-01-09 | Premark Feg L.L.C. | Gas fired booster |
| US6640047B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-10-28 | Denso Corporation | Hybrid water heater with electrical heating unit and combustor |
| WO2004094923A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-04 | Parviz Khosrowyar | Indirect fired process heater |
| US20050067154A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Michael Gordon | Indirect water heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US7007748B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-03-07 | Bradford White Corporation | Indirect water heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US20050109287A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | Frasure Charles J. | High efficiency tank type continuous flow and self cleaning water heater |
| US7100541B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2006-09-05 | Frasure Charles J | High efficiency tank type continuous flow and self cleaning water heater |
| US20050139349A1 (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2005-06-30 | Bradford White Corporation | Multi-wall heat exchanger for a water heater |
| US7063133B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2006-06-20 | Bradford White Corporation | Multi-wall heat exchanger for a water heater |
| US20050139173A1 (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2005-06-30 | Michael Gordon | Multi-wall heat exchanger for a water heater |
| US7063132B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2006-06-20 | Bradford White Corporation | Multi-wall heat exchanger for a water heater |
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