US2629554A - Hot-water heating system - Google Patents

Hot-water heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2629554A
US2629554A US190606A US19060650A US2629554A US 2629554 A US2629554 A US 2629554A US 190606 A US190606 A US 190606A US 19060650 A US19060650 A US 19060650A US 2629554 A US2629554 A US 2629554A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heater
temperature
radiators
auxiliary
heat
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US190606A
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English (en)
Inventor
Laurance H Gillick
Timothy J Lehane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vapor Heating Corp
Original Assignee
Vapor Heating Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE506469D priority Critical patent/BE506469A/xx
Application filed by Vapor Heating Corp filed Critical Vapor Heating Corp
Priority to US190606A priority patent/US2629554A/en
Priority to GB23498/51A priority patent/GB692910A/en
Priority to FR1051346D priority patent/FR1051346A/fr
Priority to ES0200011A priority patent/ES200011A1/es
Priority to CH299170D priority patent/CH299170A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2629554A publication Critical patent/US2629554A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0036—Means for heating only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heating systems and more particularly to a hot liquid heating system suitable for use in heating railway cars or other similar enclosures where the demand for heat varies from time to time at different locations in the enclosure.
  • the present system is designed especially for use in railway cars such as ofiice cars or private cars which may be disconnected from the train for long periods of time. Such cars are ordinarily provided with individual heating systems.
  • the present invention is directed to improvements in heating systems for this general class of car and has for its principal object to simplify such systems, whereby the effective area of radiation may be varied at different locations within the car to compensate for variations in the heat demand or to compensate for variations in the eiliciency or heat output of the heating plant.
  • the invention includes an intermittentl'y operated heating unit adapted tomaintain the water of the circulating system between a fixed temperature range. Consequently when the water is near the lower limits of its temperature range, the required efliciency of the heating plant may be augmented by increasing the effective area of radiation, particularly in the cooler regions of the car, such as the end portions or the side shaded from the" sun.
  • the effective area of radiation particularly in the cooler regions of the car, such as the end portions or the side shaded from the" sun.
  • the side of the car to the lee of a cross-wind may be warmer than the opposite side.
  • rays may be warmer than the opposite side, and that the ends of the car near the doors are somewhat cooler than the middle.
  • an intermittently operated heater is employed to heat a fluid in heat exchange relationship with the conventional floor radiators of a railway car and with an overhead heat radiator and blower.
  • the blower may be operated constantly to force air through the overhead heater and through an overhead duct into the car- A
  • pump is employed to move the fluid through floor and overhead radiators
  • thermostatic controls are provided for the control of the intermittently operated heater according to the temperature of the fluid and the average temperature within the enclosed space.
  • Additional thermostats are provided for the control of auxiliary radiators adapted to augment the radiation area by circulating heating fluid in a shunt heating circuit with respect to the main floor radiators.
  • These auxiliary radiators may be located in areas requiring a temperature different from the rest of the car, such as a washroom or other area.
  • the auxiliary radiators may preferably be operated independently of each other and are preferably disposed on opposite sides of the car or at a cool end thereof so as to supplement the heat output.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section view taken through a railway car on a vertical plane spaced a small distance from the side of the car, showing the improvements according to the present invention embodied therein;
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal horizontal section taken through the car of Figure 1 along a plane 2.-'-2 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG 3- is a circuit diagram showing a control eircuitfor the improved heating system of Figures i and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a flow device for insuring circulation through the auxiliary radiators of the heating system shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a railway car body H which is constructed to have a main section H.
  • a vestibule i2 is located at one end of the car and an entrance is afforded to the section It by a vestibule door 13.
  • a passageway It connects the other end of the passenger compartment" H with, an exit door It to other cars with which the car It may be connected.
  • the enclosed space i i is heated by an intermittentl'y operated. hot water heater I! which is. positioned in a. compartment l5 adjacent the passageway l4 and to one side thereof.
  • the heater I! is connected in a piping system I8 to supply heat to an overhead radiator I9.
  • the overhead heater I9 is first in line relative to the heater I 1 so as to receive the heating medium of higher temperature and is connected by a pipe 2
  • the floor radiator 22 is connected to a floor radiator 23 extending along the other side of the enclosed space I! by an under-floor pipe 24, circulation through the overhead heater I9, the floor radiators 22 and 23 being maintained by a motor and pump unit 26 which returns the fluid to the heater I! by a return pipe 21.
  • the floor radiator 22 is connected in parallel with an axially radiator 28, the flow through the auxiliary radiator 28 being controlled by a solenoid actuated valve 29 which is controlled by a thermostat 3
  • the opposite floor radiator 23 is likewise provided with an auxiliary radiator 32 which is under control of a solenoid actuated valve 33 controlled in its operation by a thermostat 34.
  • Venturi-type flow device 34 as seen more or less schematically in Figure 4, which illustrates the mode of connection of the auxiliary radiator 32 with the floor radiator 23.
  • the flow device 34 is connected by a length of pipe or tubing 36 to one end of the auxiliary radiator 32, and consists of a length of tubing 31 fitted into the main radiator 23.
  • the tubing 31 is formed onthe interior with converging walls 38 and the return pipe 36 from the auxiliary radiator 32 is connected to the tubing 31 at a point where the walls 38 begin to converge.
  • the arrows indicate the direction of flow in the floor radiators 23 and the direction of flow through the flow device 31.
  • the construction in the fluid stream afforded by the convergence of the walls 38 results in decreased pressure at a point where the tube 36 is connected to the tube 31 thereby inducing flow in the auxiliary radiator 32 upon opening of the solenoid valve 33.
  • the auxiliary radiator 28 is likewise provided with a flow-inducing device of the same structure as shown in Figure 4 and is connected in the return end of the auxiliary radiator 28.
  • Overhead heat is provided for the enclosed space H by an overhead duct 4
  • a motor operated blower 43 is positioned to force air through the heater I9 and cause the air to pass into the enclosure I.
  • the air, or at least a portion thereof, is drawn from the enclosure into the overhead duct 4
  • the overhead blower 43 and the circulating pump 26 are connected across a supply line consisting of a positive lead 48 and a negative lead 49, the flow of current therein being under the control of a main switch 5
  • the overhead blower 43 is connected in a lead 52 across the supply leads 48 and 49, and the motor driven circulating pump 26 is connected in a lead 53 across the supply leads 48 and 49.
  • the overhead blower 43 and the circulating pump for the water supplied to the overhead heater I 9 and the floor radiators 22 and 23 are adapted to operate constantly as long as the condition of the ambient is such as to require heat within the enclosure II and as long as the switch 5
  • the heater II is provided with a burner 54 which is supplied with fuel oil by a supply pipe 56, the flow of fuel in the pipe 56 being controlled by a solenoid actuated valve 51.
  • the burner 54 is provided with a blower 58 which supplies a suitable volume of air to the fuel which is ignited by a sparking plug 59. Exhaust gases from the burner 54 are led therefrom by an exhaust flue 6
  • a motor 62 is connected by a belt 63 to drive the blower 58, which is connected by a drive belt 64 to drive a rotary converter 66 for supplying current to a transformer 61 to furnish a high tension spark to the sparking plug 59.
  • the operation of the heater I! is controlled by a master thermostat I0 which is positioned in the return end of the overhead duct 4
  • a relay II is provided with a winding I2 connected in a lead I3 across the supply leads 48 and 49 and in series with buffer resistors I4 and I6.
  • the relay II is provided with a contact 11 connected in a lead I8 and in series with the winding of the solenoid operated fuel valve 51 across the supply leads 48 and 49.
  • the relay II has an additional contact I9 connected in a lead 8
  • the heater blower motor 62 is connected in the lead BI and with the contact I9 across the supply leads 48 and 49.
  • the solenoid operated fuel valve 51 and the heater blower motor 62 are additionally under the control of a temperature responsive switch or Aquastat 82 positioned to measure the temperature of the liquid in the pipe I8, see Figure 1.
  • the switch 82 is adapted to open with a snap action when the temperature of the circulating liquid reaches 180 and to close with a snap action when the temperature of the circulating liquid has dropped to
  • the master thermostat I8 is connected to short circuit winding I2 of the relay II, and consists of a mercury column 83 which is adapted to close said short circuit, which consists of a lead 84 branching from the lead I2, a contact point 86 on the thermostat 83, the length of the mercury column between the contact point 86 and a lower contact point 81 thereon, the short circuit being completed by a lead 88 and lead I3 to the other side of the supply line.
  • the thermostat I8 is so designed that when the average temperature in the car as measured by the temperature in the return air attains a temperature of 72, for example, a short circuit, just described, is made thereby deenergizing the winding I2 of the relay It will thus be noted that if the temperature of the water is 160 or less, and if the temperature in the return end of the duct 4
  • the thermostat “I3 is, of the cycling type and is so constructed as to be furnished with a desired amount of heat, which in the case at hand is of the order of two degrees, to raise the mercury column 83 in the thermostat Ill and cause the short circuit as has been previously described.
  • the relay II is provided with a contact 82 which is connected in a line QI which is in series with a limiting resistor 92 and a heater coil 93 of the thermostat Til, the circuit being completed by a lead 94 to the other side of the supply line.
  • the short circuit will once more be made thereby deenergizing the winding I2 of the relay II and opening circuits to the solenoid actuated fuel valve 5'! and the heater blower motor 62.
  • the heater H is operated only when the average temperature in the car has fallen below a desired minimum and when the temperature of the circulating liquid of the heating system is below a maximum value.
  • the auxiliary radiators 2? and 32 are under the control, as has been explained, of auxiliary thermostats 3i and 3 1.
  • the auxiliary radiators in the embodiment of the invention as shown herein are intended to heat an end portion of the car, the end portion tending to be cooler than the other portions of the car.
  • the auxiliary radiators 28 and 22 are thus connected to overcome the tendency of the end of the car to become cooler than the other portion of the car.
  • the auxiliary radiators 23 and 32 may be of a suitable length not only to correct the cooling tendency of an end portion of the car, but at the same time to correct the tendency of one side of the car to be cooler than the other, as would be occasioned by the movement and the service conditions hereinabove mentioned.
  • a relay 96 having a winding 91 is connected across the supply leads 48 and 49 and in series with a lead 98 having bufier resistors 92 connected in series therein.
  • the relay 96 includes a contact Ifil which is connected in a lead I02 containing the winding of the solenoid actuated valve 29 and is adapted to close a circuit through the solenoid actuated valve 29 when the temperature at the forward end of the car on the side where the auxiliary radiator 28 is located is below a desired value, which for pur poses of explanation herein may be taken as a temperature below 72.
  • the relay 96 is provided with a contact I03 connected in a line I04 having connected therein a limiting resistor I06 and a heater coil I01, the circuit being completed to the other side of the supply line by a lead I818.
  • the relay 96 which is energized when the temperature i below the desired value thus closes a circuit to the heater coil I02 causing the mercury column therein to rise in a manner similar as with the thermostat ID to cause a short circuit to be made to deenergize winding 91 of the relay 96, said short circuit includes a lead I09 branching from the lead 98, the length of the mercury column betwee a contact point III and a contact point II2, the short circuit being completed by a lead I I3 to the lead 98v to the other side of the upply line.
  • the operation of the auxiliary radiator 32 is affected by the energization of the solenoid actuated valve 33, which is adapted to be energized when a contact N4 of a control relay H6 is closed when the winding II'I thereof is energized.
  • the winding II! is in series with buffer resistors II8 and H9 and is connected across the supply lead 48 and 49 by a lead I2I. The winding II!
  • a short circuit is made deenergizing the winding II! of the relay H6, and includes a lead I23 branching from the lead I2I, the length of the mercury column between contact points I24 and I26 and a lead I2! connected to the lead I2I to the other side of the supply line.
  • the mercury column rises to close on the contact I24, the winding I I! will be deenergized and the contact I I4 will be opened to deenergize the winding of the solenoid actuated valve 33.
  • the thermostat 34 is adapted to be cycled by a contact I 28 of the relay Ila which is connected in series with a lead I29, a buffer resistor I3I, a heater coil I32 of the relay 34 and a lead I33 to the other side of the supply line.
  • the overhead blower and the circulating pump are operable at all times to make use of the reservoir of heat contained within the intermittently operated heater and to recirculate the air within the car at all times.
  • the auxiliary thermostats and the auxiliary relays controlled thereby for the control of the auxiliary radiators on the forward end of the car, it is possible to obtain additional radiation at such points irrespective of whether the intermittent heater is being operated or not, since the auxiliary thermostats 3
  • the burner 54 and its blowers 62 will be operated only when the water in the system has reached a lower operating level, normally 160, and when the main thermostat is calling for heat as measured by a fall in temperature measured in the return line of the air duct 41. It is obvious, therefore, that the auxiliary radiators 28 and 32 may be employed to give additional heat radiation at the forward end of the car when the temperature thereat has fallen below a desired level, which additional radiation would be reflected into the temperature of the recirculated air as measured at the return end of the overhead duct 4
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comprising a closed circulating system for a heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with said heater and adapted to deliver heat into said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main radiators, electrically energized means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the enclosed space as a whole for controlling the operation of said heater, auxiliary radiators connected in parallel with said main radiators for augmenting the delivery of heat at predetermined locations in said space, and electrical circuit means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the area of the space served by said auxiliary heaters for controlling the operation thereof.
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comprising a closed circulating system for a heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with said heater and adapted to deliver heat into the upper and lower regions of said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main radiators, electrically energized means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the enclosed space and a device responsive to predetermined lower and upper temperature limits of the heating medium for controlling the operation of said heater, auxiliary radiators connected in parallel with said main radiators for augmenting the delivery of heat at predetermined locations in said space, and electrical circuit means including a separate thermostat for each auxiliary heater responsive to the temperature of the area of the space served by its associated auxiliary heater for controlling the operation thereof.
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comprising a closed circulating system for a heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with said heater and adapted to deliver heat into the upper and lower regions of said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main radiators, electrically energized means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the enclosed space and a relay controlled thereby for controlling the operation of the heater in relation to the general temperature of the enclosed space, a circuit making and breaking device interposed in electrical circuits connected through said relay and responsive to predetermined minimum and maximum temperatures of the heating medium for controlling the operation of said heater when the said thermostat remains unsatisfied, at least one auxiliary radiator connected in said closed circulating system in parallel with a main radiator for augmenting the delivery of heat into the lower region of said space at a predetermined location, and electrical circuit means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the area of said space served by such auxiliary radiator for controlling the operation thereof.
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comprising a closed circulating system for a heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with said heater and adapted to deliver heat into the upper and lower regions of said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main radiators, electrically energized means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the enclosed space and a relay controlled thereby for controlling the operation of the heater in relation to the general temperature of the enclosed space, a circuit making and breaking device interposed in electrical circuits connected through said relay and responsive to predetermined minimum and maximum temperatures of the heating medium for controlling the operation of said heater when the said thermostat remains unsatisfied, a plurality of auxiliary radiators connected in said closed circulating system in parallel with the main radiators for augmenting the delivery of heat into the lower region of the space at predetermined locations, and electrical circuit means including separate 9 thermostats responsive to the temperatures of the separate areas of said space served by the auxiliary radiators associated therewith for controlling the operation of said auxiliary radiator.
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comprising a closed circulating system for a heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with, said heater and adapted to deliver heat into the upper and lower regions of said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main raditors, an air duct and blower associated with a radiator positioned first in line to receive the heating medium from said heater, whereby the medium of maximum heat is utilized to heat re-circulated air delivered into the upper region of the enclosed space, electrically energized means including a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the air returned to said duct for controlling the operation of said air heater, and auxiliary radiators connected in parallel with other main radiators for augmenting the delivery of heat into the lower region and at predetermined locations within said enclosed space, and electrically energized means for the auxiliary radiators responsive to the temperature of the space in the region of such auxiliary radiators for making them eiTective and ineiiective in the heating system.
  • a heating system for heating an enclosed space comrising a closed circulating system for a, heating medium comprising an intermittently operated heater, a plurality of main heat radiators connected in series with each other and with said heater and adapted to deliver heat into the upper and lower regions of said space, means for circulating heating medium through said heater and main radiators, an air duct and blower associated with a radiator positioned first in line to receive the heating medium from said heater, whereby the medium of maximum heat is utilized to heat re-circulated air delivered into the upper region of the enclosed space, electrically energized means including a thermostat and a relay controlled thereby and responsive to the temperature of the air returned to said duct for controlling the operation of said heater, a circuit making and breaking device interposed in control circuits connected through said relay and responsive to a predetermined minimum temperature of the heating medium to cooperate with said relay to close an energizing circuit for said heater and adapted to open the last mentioned circuit in response to a predetermined maximum temperature of the heating medium, and auxiliary radiators connected in parallel with said main
  • a heating control system for an enclosed space such as a railway car or the like having main radiators connected in a closed circuit for supplying heat to said enclosed space, a pair of auxiliary radiators connected in said closed circuit, said auxiliary radiators being located one on either side of said enclosed space adjacent one end thereof, means for circulating heating fluid in said radiators, a duct for recirculating air which has been heated by said radiators, a heater for said fluid including an intermittently operated burner, circuit means including a thermostat connected in said circuit means and positioned at a point remote from said auxiliary radiators and operable in response to the temperature of the returned air to said duct for controlling the operation of said intermittently operated burner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
US190606A 1950-10-17 1950-10-17 Hot-water heating system Expired - Lifetime US2629554A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE506469D BE506469A (fr) 1950-10-17
US190606A US2629554A (en) 1950-10-17 1950-10-17 Hot-water heating system
GB23498/51A GB692910A (en) 1950-10-17 1951-10-09 Heating system
FR1051346D FR1051346A (fr) 1950-10-17 1951-10-13 Système de chauffage à liquide chaud notamment pour voitures de chemins de fer
ES0200011A ES200011A1 (es) 1950-10-17 1951-10-16 PERFECCIONAMIENTOS EN LOS SISTEMAS DE CALEFACCIoN
CH299170D CH299170A (fr) 1950-10-17 1951-10-16 Installation de chauffage.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US190606A US2629554A (en) 1950-10-17 1950-10-17 Hot-water heating system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2629554A true US2629554A (en) 1953-02-24

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ID=22702029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US190606A Expired - Lifetime US2629554A (en) 1950-10-17 1950-10-17 Hot-water heating system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2629554A (fr)
BE (1) BE506469A (fr)
CH (1) CH299170A (fr)
ES (1) ES200011A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1051346A (fr)
GB (1) GB692910A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324836A (en) * 1965-12-28 1967-06-13 Vapor Corp Heater assembly

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US452505A (en) * 1891-05-19 System of hot-water circulation
US1973842A (en) * 1931-03-05 1934-09-18 Broderick Frederick Charles Hot water heating system
US2159284A (en) * 1933-12-04 1939-05-23 Honeywell Regulator Co Domestic heating and hot water supply system
US2240731A (en) * 1940-03-02 1941-05-06 Vapor Car Heating Co Inc Apparatus for heat transfer by circulating water

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US452505A (en) * 1891-05-19 System of hot-water circulation
US1973842A (en) * 1931-03-05 1934-09-18 Broderick Frederick Charles Hot water heating system
US2159284A (en) * 1933-12-04 1939-05-23 Honeywell Regulator Co Domestic heating and hot water supply system
US2240731A (en) * 1940-03-02 1941-05-06 Vapor Car Heating Co Inc Apparatus for heat transfer by circulating water

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324836A (en) * 1965-12-28 1967-06-13 Vapor Corp Heater assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES200011A1 (es) 1952-09-16
CH299170A (fr) 1954-05-31
GB692910A (en) 1953-06-17
FR1051346A (fr) 1954-01-14
BE506469A (fr)

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