US2626658A

US2626658A - Triple sliding window

Info

Publication number: US2626658A
Application number: US74358A
Authority: US
Inventors: Louis J Milone
Original assignee: Eagle Picher Co
Current assignee: Eagle Picher Co
Priority date: 1949-02-03
Filing date: 1949-02-03
Publication date: 1953-01-27
Anticipated expiration: 1970-01-27

Description

Jan. 27, 1953 L.. J. MlLoNE TRIPLE SLIDING WINDOW 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. s. 1949 IN VENTOR.

,MvonA/fys l4 sheets-sheet 2 Jan. 27, 1953 L.. J. MILONE TRIPLE SLIDING WINDOW Filed Feb. 3. 1949 Jan. 27, 1953 J. MILONE TRIPLE SLIDING WINDOW Filed Feb. 3. 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan. 27, 1953 L. J. MILONE TRIPLE SLIDING WINDOW Filed Feb. 5. 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Afro/Quay! Patented Jan. 27, 1953 TRIPLE SLIDING WINDOW Louis J. Milone, Livingston, N. J., assignor to The Eagle-Picher Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, a. corporation of Ohio Application February 3, 1949, serial No., 74,355

2 Claims. (Cl. 16o-101) l; -This invention is directed to storm window units which are adapted lfor permanent installa- 'tion in residential buildings and the like, at the outside of the conventional windows of the building to provide protection against heat loss during winter seasons. The principal objective ofthe invention has been to provide an assembly having slidable sashes which are arranged in double-.hung relationship to one another, in conjunction with a screen sash, these three members being adjustable to relative positions to provide full weather type protection, without ventilation in the coldest Weather, partial ventilation as desired when the temperature is less severe, and full ventilation through an insect screen during summer months. More specifically, the objective has been to provide these features of adjustability in a compact structure which requires less manipulation of the assembly than the various storm sash units which are now available.

In the construction of the present installation, the handling of screen sashes to equip the unit for summer service and the handling of glass panels, with removal of the screen sash, to equip the unit for winter service is eliminated by the provision of an assembly having double-hung, slidable, storm sashes and a screen sash all permanently mounted in a frame.

The lower storm sash and Screen sash are arranged interchangeably to occupy the same position at the lower portion of the frame so that the householder may convert the unit, at the change of seasons, simply by lowering one sash and elevating the other to a storage position in the frame. Each sash is mounted in a separate runner or slideway, and the screen member is interposed between the two storm sash members. The meeting rails of the storm sashes are provided With sealing strips facing each other, so arranged that the lower rail of the screen sash is interposed between the strips to complete the seal when the screen is in its elevated position in winter. Thus, when the screen is lowered, one of the sealing strips establishes a seal with the upper rail of the screen to prevent small insects from entering the house. Ease of movement of the sashes has been accomplished by improvethough extruded aluminum is smooth when new, it is not well suited at mating slidable surfaces inasmuch as the aluminum tends to become galled or roughened during service after which the friction between the sliding part becomes excessive as does the wear. To eliminate this diiculty, the present invention contemplates a structure in which the slide panels for the respective members of the assembly present faces of stainless steel which embrace the sides-of the sashes, to provide a weather-tight seal, and at the same time permit the Vsashes to slide smoothly even aiter prolonged service. In this respect, the stainless steel of the present improvement is very thin, too much so to be self-sustaining but it is clinched in place to derive support from its cooperating aluminum backing member. Therefore, the invention utilizes the ease of fabricati-on conferred by sections of extruded aluminum, in conjunction with the free sliding action conferred by stainless steel and since the actual weight of stainless steel employed is very low, the overall cost of this additional feature is inconsequential.

Each of the sashes is provided with a latch operable to lock the sash either closed or partially opened for ventilation during the Winter season. The screen sash is provided with a disappear-ing handle which depends kfrom its lower rail for convenience in lowering the sash from its storage position and which disappears into the lower rail when the screen sash is lowered to the sill. By virtue of these features, the unit is installed permanently in the window opening, provides eicient protection during the winter season and may be converted to summer use easily and. conveniently by the housewife.

Other details and advantages of the invention are more fully disclosed in the specica-tion with reference to the drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a general View of the storm window unit as viewed from the outside of a building, showing the storm sashes in closed posi-tion for winter use, the screen sash being inV itselevated storage position,

Figure 2 is an enlarged' fragmentary sectional View taken on line 2 2, Figure 1 illustrating generally the relationship of the-sajshesfwhen the unit is .conditioned for winter usage.

Figure 31s a general view similar to Flegrei, showing the screen .sash in its lowered position for summer usage. n

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on line 4 4, Figure 3.

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on line 5 5, Figure 1.

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the meeting rails of the storm sash and screen sash frames taken from Figure 2, detailing the manner in which a weather-tight seal is established between the storm sashes.

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional View taken from Figure 5, detailing the construction and installation of the storm Isash frame and guide r-ail ltogether with one of the latch plungers for locking the screen sash in a selected position.

Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the lower rail of the screen sash frame detailing the disappearing handle arrangement for the lower cross rail.

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragment-ary sectional view taken from Figure 2, further detailing the construction of the lower rail of the storm window frame with reference to the sill of a window and showing a portion of the lower storm window sash in closed p-osition.

Figure l is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the structural details of the screen sash.

Figure 11 is a sec-tional view taken on line II-Il, Figure 10, further detailing the screen sash construction.

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line |2-I2, Figure 6, detailing the corner yconstruction of the upper storm slash frame and frame structure.

Figure 14.- is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on line III-I4, Figure 9, detailing the con-struction of the lower storm sash frame and latch for locking the lower sash in selected positions.

Figure 15 is an enlarged fragmentary 4sectional view taken on line I--I 5, Figure 4, detailing the upper corner construction of the stonm Window frame with the sashes removed.

Referring particularly to Figures l and 3 of the drawing, the storm Window unit in general constitutes an adaptor frame I8 formed from U- shaped strips installed within a standard window frame I1 and telescopically embracing the top and sides of the storm window fra-me generally indicated at I8 (Figures l and 2). It will be seen that the storm Window frame I8 is telescopically embraced by the vadaptor frame I6 in such manner that the adaptor frame compensates for Variations in the standard window frame Il and establishes a Weather-tight seal between the window opening and the storm window frame I8. Slidably mounted within the storm window frame is an upper storm sash I9, la lower sash 2li and a screen sash 2l. These respective sashes may be removed conveniently from the storm sash by springing the sashes laterally to the right fas viewed in Figure 5, as hereinafter described.

The storm window frame I8 is fabricated and assembled in various sized units by the manufacturer and constitutes a pair of side frame members or stiles 22-22, a cross rail 23 at the top and a cross rail 24 at the bottom. The side members 22-22 are in the form of aluminum eX- trusions generally of U--shaped cross section fac- A ing outwardly and including a 4marginal flange 25 extending inwardly to provide a retaining iiange for the upper sash (Figure 7). The side members 22 also include slideways for the sashes which are described in detail in another point in the specification. The storm window frame members are joined together at the corners by insert brackets 23 inserted within the members and secured by screws 21 as shown in Figures 14 and l5.

The storm window frame is installed as a unit by means of the U-shaped adaptor strips I6. These are slipped upon the side members 22--22 of the frame and the entire unit is placed in the window opening. The adaptor strips I6 then are extended laterally into abutment with the surface of the window frame and a series of wood screws 30 are passed through the strip into the sash stop rail 3| of the window frame as shown in Figure 5. The adaptor strips I6 are formed from relatively thin sheets of yieldable aluminum alloy, the outer limb 32 being congurated to provide a bead 33 and an angular marginal edge 34 adapted to engage the outer surface of the marginal flange 25 of the side member 22. The adaptor strips are shaped to engage the members 22 under spring tension such that the adaptor member must be sprung open to receive the side rail 22. This arrangement permits the adaptor strips to be placed in. position and to be adjusted conveniently in adapting the frame unit to the window opening to facilitate installation. The screws 30 press the edge 34 firmly against the frame members 22 to hold the frame I8 securely by frictional engagement and to provide a weather-tight seal.

The top rail 23 of the storm sash frame is telescopically received by the top adaptor frame strip 36 as shown in Figures 2 and 15. The adaptor strip 36 is installed upon the top rail 23 prior t0 the application of the side members IB with the upper ends of the side members overlying the top members as shown. The outer edge of adaptor strip 33 is doubled upon itself to provide flange 31 for engagement by the upper end of the side members I5. It will be observed therefore, that the sides and top of the storm window frame is engaged by the adaptor frame I6 so that the unit is conveniently adjusted to t standard window openings which may vary considerably from standard size and shape by adjusting the individual adaptor strips as required. The arrangement is such that the only tting required is to cut the adaptor strips to length should they be oversize. After the screws 32 have been tightened, the storm window frame I8 is of course frictionally locked in position with respect to the adaptor strips.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 9, the lower rail 24 of the storm window frame is of two piece construction consisting of a pair of U-shaped rails 33 and fail, the rail 33 forming a part of the frame unit and telescopically engaged over the rail 4t. The lower rail lil is frictionally engaged by rail 38 and may be adjusted with respect to the sill 4I of the standard window frame. Therefore, the rail 40 will compensate if the window sill 4I is not level. Rails 38 and 43 are provided with mating corrugations 42 (see Figures 1 and 9) arranged to maintain the two sections longitudinally in alignment and also providing passageways 43 to permit draining of condensation from the space between the storm sashes and standard window sashes. From the foregoing, it will be observed that the unit may be adjusted laterally and longitudinally relative to the adaptor frame so that the storm window frame may conven- 'ientlyf be fitted to. window openingsy within. its sizearange even'though considerable-variation as to size andshapeis present.

The respective sashes i9; 2U and 2i are slidablyv mounted withinthe frame'- I8; byl` means of 'the 'runners indicated generally atv 44 (Figures and 7). After a period of exposure tothe atmosphere, aluminum tends to oxidize or corrode,

`tending'to make4 sliding difficult. Also,` by reason of its softness', aluminum has a tendency to wear rapidly and to become scratched. and marred, which further interferesfwith the sliding action. In. order to overcomerthis problem, the slideways or runners 45 are' constructed from stainless steel sheetmetal which is doubled upon.-

itself to form the'v three channels; 45., lfor therespective sliding sashes. These channels are de.-

lineated. .by the respective partitions 55' formed 'by folding theAV sheet'upon. itself,. th'ezslieetA being riveted to a. stripv 41' formed preferably froml aluminum. vThe innermost vpartitionis clinched as atY '48 upon the edge of'strip 4]. If'desired,

by meansof rivets 49, the. innerends` of which.

are countersunk to avoid interference with the sliding ofthe sashes. The sashes I9, 25. and 2| are Aindividually slidable; with: respect toeach other and each. sash is provided with latching apparatus hereinafter described, to. lock the sash..

iny selected positions.

As shown in Figures 2 and 15, the head rail 23 of the storm window frame is somewhat differentl from theV side members or stiles 22-22. As shown, the head rail preferably constitutes an aluminum extrusion having an angle strip 5i! secured by rivets 5i, forming an inset portion to seat the top rail of the upper sash I9( The head rail extrusion includes an opening.: 52 to permit the top rail of the screen sash to extend within the head rail when the screen sash is elevated as shown. The lower rail 24r of the storm sash frame also is provided with a recess 53 to receive the lower rail of the lower sash 2E) asrshown. Recess 53 is formed byan angle strip 54 riveted as at 55 to the upper one of the pair cfu-shaped rauen-55. By virtueof the spring `urged runners 44 and the recesses 52'. and 53 the top and bottom of the `upper andv lower sashes are engagedabout their entire peripheries substantially in weatherproof lcontact withv the storm sash frame. The meetingrrails of the'uppergand lower-...sashes are sealed with respect to .each other-by means of theY mohair strips illustrated in Figure 6to complete the seal.

Except for the top crossI railiofthe upperstorm sash le, the-framing: members of the storm and screen sashes are made from aluminum extrusions which are substantially the same but which are altered according to the requirements of the several members. As detailed in Figure 6, the lower rail 55 of the upper sash and the upper rail 55 of the lower sash each is provided withl a'sealing strip indicatedgenerally at 5l. These seals contact the opposite sides of the lower rail 58 ofthe screen sash which: is interposed between the meeting rails'55 and. 56 when thestorm sashes are closed and the screen raised as shown. 'The rails 55 land 56 vare provided with a groove Bopen to. thescreen sash rail 5t.r The seal 57 -in its' preferred form' constitutes,v a 'U-shaped 62.--62- doubled over and clinched upon the 0pposite edges-'of a strip of mohairfabric 63 to form a brush-like sealingA engagement with the screen cross rail. This assembly is inserted in the slot. Bil and theslot 60 includes overhanging lips, {i4-64 to engage't-he edges 62--52 of the strip 6i' to lock the strip in place. The seals 51- are constructed as units and are installed by pressing them into the grooves 5! whereupon they establish a snap fit with respect to the grooves. The seal is. established automatically when the unit is conditioned for winter use with the screen sash raised in its storage position and the storm sashes closed. When'thefunit' is conditioned for summer use by elevating. the lower storm. sash andv lowering kthescreen sash asshown in Figure 4, the mohair seal of. the upper sash establishes ai sealy with the upper rail. yof the screen sash to prevent the entrance of. small insects. The use, of mohair for the seals is of advantage because this material provides a maximum sealing effect with a minimum frictional engagement with the cross rail.

The respective sashes I9, 20 and 2l. are removably mounted within their respective runner channels by means of curved leaf springs 65 mounted within the right hand frame members of the respective sashes as shown in Figures 3 and 10. The side framing members 66 of each sash is provided with sets of openings 6'! adapted toreceive. the langular ends 68-68 of the leaf springs asshown .in Figure 10 to lock the springs in place. Each sash is provided with a pair of leaf springs as shown in Figure 3. As viewed in Figures 3 and 5, the leaf springs are located along the right hand side of the sashes so. as to urge the sashes to the left. It will be noted in Figure 5 that the partition 46 of the right. hand .runners are considerably lower than the., right hand partitions, By pressing the sashes toward Athe right, the leaf springs 65 may be compressed sufiiciently to disengage the left hand .edge of .the sashes from their grooves so that the sashes may be removed for replacement or cleaning. This arrangement also facilitates installation since the storm window frame I8 may be installed with the sashes removed for convenience in seating the frame in the window opening. After installation, the sashes may be slipped in place from inside the building.

Vlin orderA that the sashes may be locked in selected adjustments', each sash is provided with spring pressed latches. As shown in Figure 1, the latches 'Hl-- for the upper sash I9 are secured' to thelower crossrail 55. Described in detail with reference to Figures 12 and 13, each latch 15 constitutes a plunger 'il slidably sustained inra housing 12- formed from sheet metal. A pull rod "i3, including a handle 'lll is screwthreaded into the end of plunger 'H and a spring 'I5 is maintained in compression between the end of plunger 'H and the end 'i6 of the housing. The housing is secured t0 the rail 55 by means of rivets 'l1 passing through upwardly extended ears 'F8-'18 forming a part of housing 12, the rail 55 being slotted as at 80 to admit the ears into the rail. The Stiles 22 of the frame are provided with a set of apertures Sl-Bl for engagement of plunger 7| when the sash is in its elevated position as shown in Figures 1 andv 3. If desired, the stiles may be provided with additional apertures 8l forlatching the sash at other l shifted to the desired position.

amount of ventilation is desired, the second aperpair oflatchesV 82--82, located within the'lower cross rail 83 so as to permit the framing member to fit snugly within its sill recess 53, in closed position. Described with reference to Figures 9 and 14, the lower rail 83 comprises an extrusion generally similar to cross rail 55 of the upper sash, being U-shaped in cross section and including an intermediate wall 84 and a lower wall 85 forming a tubular section which is used as a slideway for the latch plunger 85. A spring 81 is maintained under compression against the inner end of plunger e6, the opposite end of the spring being seated against a stop 8S, formed by severing a section from the intermediate wall 84 and bending the section downwardly at right angles to the wall. lThe plunger 85 is actuated shown in Figure 14, the stile members 22 of the frame are provided with apertures 95 arranged to engage the end of plunger Se to latch the lower sash either in closed position or at selected elevations. In operation, the loops 9S' are drawn inwardly toward each other to disengage the plungers and the sash is free to be If a slight ture shown in Figure 14 is utilized and when the sash is elevated fully for summer use, the plunger is engaged in an aperture (not shown) located to latch the sash in the position shown in Figure 4.

Since the screen sash 2| is considerably lighter than the storm sashes, a single latch 95 (Figure 3) will suffice although if desired, a pair of latches may be employed. The screen latch plunger is detailed in Figure '7 and constitutes a plunger 91 slidably mounted within the side frame member of the screen sash and arranged to lock the sash in closed position` A pull rod 98 having a handle |00 is screwthreaded into the inner end of plunger 91 and a spring IDI is maintained in compression between the end of the plunger and a wall m2 of the side member. The storm window side rail 22 is provided with an aperture to latch the screen in its closed position, the aperture being indicated at |53 in Figure 2. The screen sash preferably is held by friction in its elevated position shown in Figure 2, with the upper rail of the screen sash A frame extending within the hollow head rail 23 of the storm sash frame. When the screen sash is in this position, its lower cross rail is in position between the mohair seals 5l as shown in Figures 2 and 6. It will be apparent that if desired an aperture may be provided t0 lock the sash in this position, but this is not necessary because the sash is light in weight and sufcient pressure is exerted by the springs 65 to hold it securely.

The storm sash frames are of duplicate construction, the side framing members |95 being in the form of channel shaped extrusions (Figure '7) with the open side of the frames facing inwardly to receive a U-shaped gasket |06 formed from rubber or other resilient material, marginally embracing the edge of the window pane II. The upper cross rail IIIB for the top sash is a duplicate of the side framing members'and receives the gasket |116 in the same manner as the side framing members. The lower cross rail for the upper sash 55, previously described with reference to the mohair seal and latches, likewise includes a U-shaped portion to receive the gasket as shown in Figures 6 and l2.

The lower sash is substantially the same as the upper except for the upper cross rail which is a duplicate of the lower cross rail of sash I 9 as detailed in Figure 6. The glass panel |01 ismounted by means of the gasket |66 as previously described. The gasket |56 preferably is in the form of a continuous strip bent around the corners as shown in Figure 14 to avoid unnecessary joints and provides a water-tight seal between the glass and the framing members.

As detailed in Figures 12 and 14, the corner joints of the sashes are formed by a miter joint, indicated at |99, the framing members being connected together by angular insert brackets IIE! which are inserted within the channel portion of the Yadjacent members prior to the installation of the glass panels. As shown, the inserts I I preferably are secured to the respective cross members by means of the rivet I I I and the side members are then secured to the insert II by means of a machine screw I|2 passing from the outside of the framing member into screwthreaded engagement with the insert bracket. By virtue of this arrangement, the assembly o1" the sashes is facilitated, and the sash frames may be taken apart for replacement of the glass panels by removing the screws I I2.

The screen sash frame 2| is fabricated from hollow aluminum extrusons ||3, as detailed in Figures 6, 7 and 8. Extrusion ||3 provides an outwardly facing channel I I 4 and a laterally facing channel ||5 for mounting the screen cloth panel I I6. The screen panel is secured in the channel I I5 by a thin rod II 1, the marginal edge of the panel being looped under the rod I I'I with the rod forced into the channel II5 to establish a press fit and at the same time to stretch the screen panel tautly within the frame. The rod I I'I preferably is formed from a soft material such as lead so that it may deform under pressure to facilitate assembly and preferably is a continuous length of material bent around the corners of the screen frame as shown in Figure 10. 'I'he corners of the screen framing members are mitered as at IIB and are joined together by angle insert brackets II9 which are inserted in the adjacent hollow framing members as shown. The inserts |49 are secured to the cross members by a rivet |26 and the vertical members are secured by clinching the outer wall of the framing member as at I2| into a notch |22 formed in the insert.

The lowercross member of the screen sash frame is provided with a disappearing handle |23 (Figure 8). This handle provides a hand hold for drawing the screen downwardly from the position shown in Figure 2. Normally, the handle would prevent the screen sash from seating upon the sill of the storm window frame and for this reason it is adapted to be retracted into the lower framing member when the screen sash is lowered. As shown, the lower cross member ||3 of the screen frame is channel shaped, the chan'- nel being open downwardly. A pair of bars |25, each having a ledge |25, is slipped into the frame channel and secured by rivets I2l'. The handle |23 is U-shaped, the ends of the vertical limbs being bent angularly as at |28 to support the handle upon the ledges |26. Thus, the handle normally depends by gravity from the lower cross rail but disappears into the cross rail when the sash is lowered. The screen also is provided with a U-shaped handle |30 mounted on the top of the lower cross rail directly above the handle 123. Handle I30- is secured by machine screws [3| and is utilized in raising the screen from its closed position.

The storm window units preferably are furnished to the user completely assembled and ready for installation, which is a comparatively simple operation and may be done by the average craftsman or householder. The adapter strips are furnished in lengths for the particular size of window opening but if oversize, it is a simple matter to trim them to length. Being fabricated from aluminum extrusions, the frame and sashes are accurately intertted to provide a weathertight unit of neat and trim appearance. The storm sashes are adjusted readily to various intermediate positions by reason of the smooth sliding fit provided by the steel runways so that it is a simple matter to ventilate the house during less severe weather. Should it be necessary to remove the sashes for cleaning or replacement, they are conveniently detached from the frame by springing them to one side to disengage them with respect to the runners.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A convertible storm window and fly screen unit comprising a storm window frame unit adapted to be secured in a window opening in spaced horizontal relation to the standard window sashes, upper and lower storm sashes spaced horizontally from each other and slidably mounted for vertical movement within the storm window frame and adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to each other, a screen sash interposed in parallelism between the storm sashes and adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to the storm sashes, the upper and lower storm sashes having cooperating meeting rails which are disposed in parallelism in a horizontal plane when said upper and lower sashes are respectively in closed position, said meeting rails having a substantial width in the vertical plane, the meeting rails each comprising a metal extrusion of duplicate conguration in cross section, each duplicate extrusion including a lateral groove having a sealing strip extending outwardly beyond the vertical plane of the meeting rail, said sealing strips being disposed respectively along the lower edge of the upper storm sash meeting rail and along the upper edge of the lower storm sash meeting rail in planes one above the other, the screen sash having a lower cross rail of substantially the same width as the storm sash meeting rails, the screen sash cross rail being disposed in a common horizontal plane with respect to the storm sash meeting rails when the screen sash is in elevated position whereby said sealing strips engage the respective upper and lower edges of the screen sash cross rail on opposite sides to establish a weather tight seal when the storm sashes are closed with the screen sash elevated.

2. A convertible storm window and fly screen unit comprising a storm window frame unit adapted to be secured in a window opening in spaced horizontal relation to the standard window sashes, upper and lower storm sashes spaced horizontally from each other and slidably mounted for vertical movement within the storm window frame and adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to each other, a screen sash interposed in parallelism between the storm sashes and adapted to be raised and lowered with respect to the storm sashes, the upper and lower storm sashes having cooperating meeting rails which are disposed in parallelism in a horizontal plane when said upper and lower sashes are respectively in closed position, said meeting rails having a substantial width in the vertical plane, the meeting rails each comprising a metal extrusion of duplicate configuration in cross section, each duplicate extrusion having a body which is generally U-shaped in cross section and adapted to receive an edge of a storm window pane, each U-shaped body including a closed end having a groove including a sealing strip extending outwardly beyond the Vertical plane of the meeting rail, said duplicate meeting rails being inverted relative to each other with the sealing strips facing toward one another and disposed respectively along the lower edge of the upper storm sash meeting rail and along the upper edge of the lower storm sash meeting rail in horizontal planes one above the other, the screen sash having a lower cross rail of substantially the same width as the storm sash meeting rails, the screen sash cross rail being disposed in a common horizontal plane with respect to the storm sash meeting rails when the screen sash is in elevated position whereby said sealing strips engage the respective upper and lower edges of the screen sash cross rail on opposite sides to establish a weather tight seal when the storm sashes are closed with the screen sash elevated.

LOUIS J. MILONE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 669,354 Simmons Mar. 5, 1901 686,981 Long Nov. 19, 1901 896,464 Robinson Aug. 18, 1908 907,493 Gunther Dec. 22, 1908 1,332,441 Jackson Mar. 2, 1920 1,730,757 Casha Oct. 8, 1929 2,197,167 Wolf Apr. 16, 1940 2,262,670 Ensminger Nov. 11, 1941 2,291,726 Kaufmann Aug. 4, 1942 2,298,406 Miller Oct. 13, 1942 2,317,686 Kuyper Apr. 27, 1943 2,467,511 Van Fleet Apr. 19, 1949 2,477,942 Renton Aug. 2. 1949