US2057815A

US2057815A - Window construction

Info

Publication number: US2057815A
Application number: US757182A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rudolph P Boehm
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-12-12
Filing date: 1934-12-12
Publication date: 1936-10-20
Anticipated expiration: 1953-10-20

Description

Oct. 20, 1936, R. P. BOEHM wmnow CONSTRUCTION l0 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 12, 1934 \EV w w 0st. 20, 1936. BOEHM 2,057,815

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 67 r ray 0d. 20, 1936. R p BQEHM 2,057,815

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 1,01 afa [KM/ 21214 Var/524% Oct. 20, 1936. R. P. BOEHM WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1934 R. P. BOEHM WINDOW CONSTRUCTION l0 Shees-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. 12, 1934 bale a2 g g u Get. 20, 1936.

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Oct. 20, 1936. BQEHM 2,057Q815 WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet '7 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 R. P. BOEHM WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1954 Oct. 20, 1936.

Oct. 20, 1936.- R. P. BOEHM I WINDOW CONSTRUCTION l0 Sheeis-Sheet 9 Filed Dec. 12, 1934 Get. 20, 1936. R. P. BOEHM 2,057,315

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION I Filed Dec. 12, 1934 10 Sheets-Sheet 1o mmmmmw:

Patented Oct. 20, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,057,815 'wmnow CONSTRUCTION I Rudolph P. Boehm, Chicago, Ill.

Application December 12, 1934, Serial No. 757,182

"20 Claims. (CI- 20-40) This invention relates to window constructions intended more particularly for dwellings and especially such as employ air conditioning, though in certain features it is of more general applicat on.

In carrying out the invention it is sought in some of its forms to provide a window construction which is dust-, weatherand rattle-proof and which insulates against heat and cold; which permits conveniently the cleaning of the glass, the interchange of glass and screens, and the installing and removing of the glass, all from the inside, and which eliminates many of thefeatures and operations involved in the ordinary structure and is therefore-relatively economical to install and to maintain.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the detailed description to follow, in connection with. the accompanying drawings, which show several embodiments of the invention. In these drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a vertical section on the line i-'-l of Fig. 2 through a complete window;

Fig. 2 is an inside elevational viewof the complete window;

Fig. 3 is a similar view of the outside of a portion of the window, a screen being substituted for the middle outside glass thereof;

Fig. 4 is a section, in larger scale, through the head of the window frame and the upper part of the upper glass unit or section, said section Fig. 6 is a similar sectional view through the side jambof the window frame and showing the ends of the glass, said section being taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view through the sill, also being taken on the line l-l of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view, on large scale, showing in particular the hardware by which the glass are operated, and looking upwardly beneath the dividing bar toward the corner between the dividing bar and side jamb;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view through the head of another form of the invention, in which the dividing bars are omitted; I V

Fig. 10 is a similar view through an intermediate unit of glass, with portions of the units above and below;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view through the side jamb in this form of window;

Fig. 12 is a similar sectional view through the sill thereof;

Fig. 13 is a detail sectional view of the rubber molding strip between the horizontal edges of adjacent glass and showing the normal form of said strip when the lower glass is opened;

Fig. 14 is a similar view showing the strip in the position when the glass are closed;

Fig. 15 is a detail of the supporting bracket or lug at the lower corners of the glass;

Fig. 16 is a view of said bracket and glass from the inside; 7

Fig. 1'7- isa detail sectional view showing the arrangement between the glass in this type of construction when the glassy is provided with a light metal frame;

Fig. 18 is an inside face view of the corner supporting bracket when the glass has such a sash or frame;

' Fig. 19 is an inside face view of a portion of Fig. 22 is a vertical section through the same;

Fig. 23 is a cross-section of a modified'form of head and jamb rubber weather strip;

Fig. 24 is a similar view of a modified form of sill and horizontal dividing bar rubber weather strip;

Fig. 24a is a detail view of a support and guide for the lower corners of the glass and showing in dotted lines the position of the glass and the modified sill or dividing bar weather strip of Fig. 24, when the glass is in position in the window frame;.

Fig. 25 is a face view of a modified form of the glass-operating lever;

Fig. 26 is an edge view of the same;

Fig. 27 is a detail face view of a simple form of hardware for operating the glass;

Fig. 28 is a cross-section of glass adjacent the said hardware;

Fig. 29 is a detail face view of a modified form of simplified hardware;

Fig. 30 is a detail view at right angles to the last view showing the glass in section;

Figs. 31 and 32 are, respectively, face and cross-sectional detail views of the screen of Fig. 1 and subsequent views;

Figs. 33 and 34 are similar views of a screen with a flat metal frame;

Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional detail view showing a sheet-metal weather strip instead oi. the moulded rubber strips of the other views;

. Fig. 36 is a vertical section through a casement type window embodying features of my invention;

Figs. 37 and 38 are, respectively, outside and inside views of the same;

Fig. 39 is a vertical section through a complete window showing an arrangement of the glass units where they swing outwardly instead of inwardly, as in Fig. 1, said section being taken on the line 39-39 of Fig. 40;

Fig. 40 is an outside face view of one side of the complete window;

Fig. 41 is an inside view of the same portion of the complete window and showing a portion of the screen in the upper part of the figure;

Fig. 42 is a vertical section through the same window on the same line 39-39 of Fig. 40, but

with the window units or sections shown in full lines in ventilating position and in dotted lines in cleaning and removing or replacement position;

Fig. 43 is a sectional view, in larger scale, through the head of the window frame and the upper part of the sash, such section being taken on the same line 39-39 of Fig. 40;

Fig. 44 is a similar section through the meeting rails of adjacent window sash taken on the same sectional plane;

Fig. 45 is a detail view showing the slot in the angle-plate attached to the jamb, which slot receives the pivot pin of the sash;

Fig. 46 is a detail view showing the vertical sliding or reciprocating bar, the edge slots or recesses of which receive and support the pivot pins of the sash;

, Fig. 4'? is a detail view showing the method of attaching the operating cable to this reciprocating bar, together with the adjacent sheave over which the cable runs;

Fig.48 is a sectional view through the jamb and adjacent sash parts of the same window, the

.plane of the section being indicated at line 43-43, Fig. 39, and also'at line 43-48 of Fig. 44;

Fig. 49 is a vertical section through the bottom of the lower sash and sill on the same plane 39-39 of Fig. 40;

Fig. 39, and showing the location of the cableoperating mechanism on the side jamb of the window;

Fig. 51 is a separate detail view, in elevation, of the cable-operating mechanism;

Fig. 52 is a diagrammatic showing of the cableoperated mechanism for controlling the operation of the glass units;

Fig. 53 is a detail view of a difierent device for operating the cables for the opening and closing of the windows;

' Fig. 54 is a horizontal section through the side jamb of a window and its frame and showing the glass with a metal sash;

Fig. 55 is a section through the adjacent edges or the intermediate glass showing the manner in which the upper and lower sash rails are interconnected when the window is closed;

Fig. 56 is a similar view showing the use of a rubber moulding strip for this interconnecting means when the glass are not provided with horizontal metal rails; Fig. 57 is a similar fragmentary vertical sectional view through a window of this same type provided with metal dividing bars and with sashless glass on the top and bottom edges.

Referring to these drawings, particularly Figs.

' 1 to 8, the complete window, which may be of ordinary size, is shown in Figs. 1 to 3, it being three units in height, but may be any number. A unit, as here spoken oi, refers to a section, preferably, of a. single glass-pane size and which may be made a standard.

The window frame comprises the head50, the sill ii, the side jambs 52 and the dividing bars 53 separating the units or sections; and is secured in the structure of the wall of the building in the usual manner, as shown, or in any desired way.

In order to provide for insulation against heat and cold, each unit is designed to receive two panes of glass, an inner pane 54 and an outer pane 55, with a sealed air space between, as shown in the upper unit, where the glass are shown in their normal closed position. However, to ventilate, provision is made readily to swing the upper edges of the glass inwardly, as shown in the lower unit, by means hereinafter described, whereby the so-called draftless ventilation, that is, over the tops of the glass, is obtained. And to provide screened ventilation the arrangement in outer glass has been replaced by a suitable screen 56 and only the inner glass 54 is opened. As will be explained, the glass panes have no sash and,

are not attached to the hardware, as the metal attaching, controlling and operating devices for windows are commonly called, whereby the glass the middle section or unit may be had, where the may be readily put in or taken out or individually replaced by a correspondingly-sized screen of the proper construction.

The details of construction are shown more clearly in Figs. 4 to 7 in substantially full size in the original drawings. Fig. 4 is a section through the head 50 which is preferably of wood or other non-conductive material, suitably secured to the face of the glass or screen. A suitable caulking material 59 is placed in the joint or clearance between the front face of this head and the surrounding framework of the building. This ma- Fig. 50 is a horizontal section on line 50-59,

terial and provision therefor are carried down the front of the side jambs 52, as shown in Fig. 6, and beneath the sill 5|, Fig. 7. Fig. 5 shows a section through one of the dividing bars 53. Fig. 6 is a section through the side jamb, and i a section through the sill; and since these are all on the same scale as Fig. 4 and properly positioned with respect thereto and to each other. it will be convenient to refer to them collectively.

The glass at their top and side edges when in normal set position are pressed against weather strips 60, which, as here shown. are of moulded rubber and fitted into the angles provided in the head, jambs, and dividing bar, and suitably cemented to the material thereof. They are preferably deformed or compressed slightly from their uncompressed form, as shown at 6|, Fig. 5, to provide an air-, dustand weather-tight joint with the glass when the latter are closed. Any other suitable resilient or flexible material of proper form may be used.

At their lower edges the glass rest on suitable continuous supports 62 which also may be of moulded rubber strips'having the cross-sectional shape substantially as shown and which are 76 slightly deformed from the normal as shown at the right in Fig. 5 by the weight of the glass, as shown in Fig. 7, and which, as here shown, presses against the glass along the inside as well as at the bottom and insures an air-, dustand weather-tight joint. Other suitable materials and forms could be used. They are also suitably cemented to the surrounding material of the dividing bars and sill. The glass is of course prevented from slipping off or being unintentionally dislodged from this bottom strip 52 by the side weather strips 60 and jambs 52.

The horizontal dividing bars indicated generally by 53, Fig. 5, each comprise-a wood and metal combination, the wood bar 53 preferably being formed in cross-section, substantially as shown, and the rolled, cast, drawn or stamped relatively heavy and strong metal member 53 overlying and fitting the wood as shown. The

. dividing bars.

two are secured together in any desired way, as by the screws 63, Figs. 5 and 6, placed at sufficient intervals throughout the length of the bar. At the ends of the bar the metal strip 53 has an up-turned lug 64, Figs. Band 6, fitting in a recess in the jamb 52, and is secured thereto by screws 65. Strong and rigid bars, without being unsightly, heavy or clumsy in appearance, are thus provided for the support of the glass and for the cross-bracing of the window frame, the

metal taking the brunt of the wear and tear of the elements and preserving the desired form of the glass supports at all times, and at the same time not extending into the room as a carrier of heat and cold, frost, etc. The metal parts of these cross members or dividing bars act also as tension members, preventing the frame from being pulled out of shape by being screwed too tightly against the buckframe, if employed for the reception of the window frame.

The sill 5|, like the dividing bars, consists of a wood bar 5| and metal covering strip 5l fitted and secured together by screws similar to the The metal bar 5| has turned up and lugs 68 secured by screws to the side janibs 52. The sill, and therefore the frame, is suitably supported in the framework of the building, the stone sill 81 for the window and the window stool 88 being indicated in section in Fig. 7. The inside window trim strips 69 extend around the top and two sides of the frame, as shown. v

The screen 58 may be placed in any unit or, in fact, screens may be put in all units if desired. In Fig. 5 the outer upper glass is shown replaced by a screen. This screen is provided with the usual-wire mesh body and a continuous frame or rim ill of wire as shown, or a fiat metal strip, having a peripheral size and contour corresponding to those of the glass with its rounded edges, so that it fits satisfactorily in place of the glass and is held in place and is capable of removal in the same convenient way as the glass.

A rack for an inner and an outer glass, although any number may be provided for, is shown in Figs. 6 and '7, for use when a glass is removed from the window for any purpose, as when a screen is in use or the glass are being cleaned, or on other occasions. Thus, Fig. 7, a narrow strip of metal II is suitably secured, as by nails or screws, 'to the sill or to the stool 68, one near each jamb, and is bent to provide a recess nearer the sill to receive the lower edge of an outer glass and another recess or corner to receive the lower edge of an inner glass. At the proper height above on each side jamb (Fig. 6)

a wire bracket 12 is pivoted by a suitable hinge clip and is bent to form loops or recesses 13 and 14 for receiving, when swung up to its nearly horizontal position as shown, the ends, respectively, of the glass when their lower edges rest in the strips Ii. When not in use the bracket 12 may be turned down vertically close to the trim moulding 69.

Fig. 8 shows in perspective the hardware for operating the window glass and to hold and lock them in their open and closed positions, as shown in Fig. 1. As heretofore stated, such hardware is not attached to the glass, so that the latter may be taken out or put in readily or replaced by a screen with very little trouble, and all from the inside of the room. In this view one is looking up under a dividing bar from the inside of the room at the junction of the same with the jamb on the right. The outer glass 55 is shown in its closed locked position while the lower inner glass 54 is shown in open inclined position, as in Fig. '1, for purposes of ventilation. The hardware is the samefor both outer and inner glass and each comprises a suitable metal strip 15 secured to the lamb 52, as by screws 16, just inside the closed position of the glass. To the upper end of this fixed strip'i5 is pivoted another metal strip 11 by the pivot pin or rivet 18, so that in closed position the two strips lie flatwise together. As shown in Fig. 1, these strips extend only a short distance down the edge of the glass; in fact, as here shown they are less in length than a third of the height of the glass. The lower end of the pivoted strip or bar 11 has an outward edge projection passing beyond the edge of the glass and carrying a pin 18 which extends horizontally a short distance and is adapted to engage the outer face of the glass when sought to be opened but which when the glass is closed is preferably out of contact therewith. The strip 11 also has at its outer end a Z-shaped lug 80, preferably formed integrally therewith and extending from the face of the strip along the inner face of the glass. A felt cushion 8i on one end of lug is adapted to bear against the inside of the glass when the parts are in their closed locked position, as shown on the outer glass 55,- Fig. 8. The other end 82 of said lug 80 forms a hook to engage over the upper edge of the glass when the parts are in their open position for ventilation, as shown in connection with the inner glass 54. This keeps the glass from being rattled by the wind when in open position. At the outer end of pivoted strip or arm 11 and on the opposite face from lug 80 is pivoted at pin or rivet 83 an operating lever or member 84 having a finger piece or handle 85 which is grasped by the thumb and finger or hand to open or close the window. This hand lever carries a hook 86, shown in dotted lines, which, when the glass is closed and the lever rotated, interlocks with the projection 81 at the lower end of fixed bar 15 and presses the felt cushion 8| against the glass and the latter against the rubber weather strips and locks them all in this position. This closed and locked position is shown at the outer glass and the open position at the inner glass in Fig. 8. A lug 88 at the upper end of fixed-member l5 and preferably integral therewith projects over the pivoted arm 11 in such position as to prevent the latter from being raised more than necessary to permit the hook 82 readily to clear the upper edge of the glass so that the glass cannot slip out from between the pin 18 on the outside and lug 80 on the inside thereof.

Thus in operation the glass is readily placed in position or taken out by swinging the pivoted arms inwardly part way as its end edges will readily pass down or up between pins 19 and lugs 89 and its lower edge finds its proper seat. Then it may be fastened as described in its closed or open position. In the closed position the fixture is self-locking so that it cannot be opened from the outside. In its open position draughtless ventilation is provided and also considerable protection against raining in. A screen 56 is held in closedposition in the same way as the glass, the stops or guides 19 and iii acting on its edge frame, the same as on the glass.

Instead of a finger-operated catch 95 for each glass, it'may be preferred to omit the same on the outer glass hardware and connect the members ll of the adjacent fixtures near their lower swinging endsby a suitable link extending between them and suitably pivoted to each, whereby the operation of the inner glass, as heretofore described, automatically o erates the outer glass also.

As thus constructed the window is dust-, weatherand rattle-proof and provides insulation against both heat and cold in all its parts, both glass and frame, and permits in an easy and convenient manner the cleaning of all glass from the inside, the interchanging of glass and screens from the inside and the installation and removal of all glass from the inside. Since no metal is exposed inside condensation on the frame inside the room is prevented. The two sheets of glass with an air space between provide insulation and prevent condensation and frosting of the glass. Since the glass is not secured to any frame or hardware, it is economical to produce, handle and install. If broken, it is easily and economically replaced without the help of a glazier or the need for painting new putty.

The rubber mouldings or other weather-stripping are part of the window construction and make a bed for the glass and the window dust-, weatherand rattle-proof, and being installed in the factory ensures perfect work, fitting and economy.

The screens, being comparatively small, only the size of the outer glass, may be made only of a heavy wire or narrow strip frame with the screen-mesh tied or welded to it, and are thus cheap to make; their size, weight and thickness makes them easy to handle and facilitates their storage, since a minimum of space is required therefor, which is an important advantage for both manufacturer and user.

v.As compared to the ordinary window this window of my invention is economical, since it eliminates all cost of sash-frame, storm sashframe, the fitting and hanging of sash and storm-sash, the glazing of sash and storm-sash,

the painting of the latter and their re-paint-- ing. It permits great flexibility in use. For the summer the total area of the window may be equipped with screens or any portion thereof. The screened portion alone may be used for ventilation by opening the inner glass, the remaining portion still providing insulation against heat. This ready interchange of outer glass and i screen makes all this possible, so that the beneace-23ers there is considerable protection against entrance or rain or snow.

In new construction work the windows may be installed after the rough construction and plastering are completed, to insure against damage and the necessity of cleaning of plaster, etc.

In old buildings this window may be installed in the old window frame, in place of the old sash, without cutting down on the old glassarea. I

Figs. 9 to 16 show the same form of window construction as that above described except that there are no horizontal dividing bars and the glass are supported at their lower corners only. The head, jamb and sill are the same as before, but at the lower corners of the glass, Fig. 15, an angular metal bracket support 89 projects outwardly from the adjacent face of the lamb, being secured thereto in any desired manner, as by screws 99 through the base plate 9| inset in a suitable recess in the face of the jamb. A short rubber cushion 92 of the same cross-section as the long cushion 62 of the previous form is secured in each bracket and functions the same as the long cushion in supporting the glass. The remainder of the lower edge of each glass has cemented thereto a rubber moulding 93 of the cross-sectional form shown in Figs. 13-14, which has a depending lip 94 normally of the shape shown in Fig. '13 but which is straightened out as in Fig. 14 when the glass are closed. It maintains contact with the face of the lower glass due to its resiliency even when the glass above is opened for ventilation, as indicated in Fig. 10. Otherwise the construction and operation are the same as in the preceding figures and further detailed description thereof is believed unnecessary.

In this arrangement, when the glass is removed from the window frame, the latter forms an opening without any obstruction by crossmembers. This is particularly suited for porches, and the like, where unobstructed window openings are wanted at certain times, or in old constructions where storm sash or old windows are present but additional protection is desired. In such cases single glass units of this arrangement could be used inside the old.

In the modification of Figs. 17 and 18, a light metal frame 95 extends around the glass. At the jambs, head and sill this metal frame closes against the outer window frame in the same manner as the sashless glass in the preceding windows. The meeting top and bottom rails of adjacent glass, however, are formed to interlock, as shown in Fig. 17, which is a section at line il-il of Fig. 18, the latter showing an inside face view of a portion of the window at and near one of the right-hand corner junctions of two glass. As is to be seen in Fig. 17, interlocking hook ribs and grooves with a rubber cushion strip in the bottom of each groove co-operating with the rib of the other sashprovide a weather-, rattleand dust-tight joint between the glass when in closed position. Similarly to Figs. 15 and 16, a metal bracket 96 secured to the jamb by screws receives a pivot pin 91 projecting from the metal frame of the glass near the lower corner. With a similar construction at the opposite end and corner of the glass, the same may be opened, closed, put in or taken out in the same way as the sashless or frameless glass of the preceding constructions, the construction and operation being the same as in the preceding figures except for the parts noted.

-' In Figs. l9 to 22, the window is of the same construction and operation as that of Fig. 1, with certain changes. Here the window frame -is provided with vertical dividing bars I in any desired number, but two, as shown, are preferred for the average-size window. These bars,

' which may be of any desired material, are of wood in the form shown and extend between head and sill and horizontal division bars and are secured thereto in any desired way. Since they are attached to these members, there is a suillcient bracing of the head, sill and horiaontal bars and the frame as'a whole. so that the metal covering and reinforcing strips ofthe division bars and sill of Fig. 1 may be dispensed with, thus reducing the cost. The bars I00 are located just outside the outer glass, preferably out of contact therewith, and give the appearance, both from the inside (Fig. 19) and from the outside (Fig. 20) of smaller panes of glass. These vertical bars are particularly advantageous in preventing the outer glass units from being inadvertently dropped outside the building when the same are being handled, either when installing or removing the same. The necessary slight changes in the horizontal division bars 53" and in the sill 5i because of the absence of the metal reinforcing movering strips will be apparent. The hardware and operation of both inner and outer glass are the same as in Fig. 1 or as desired. These horizontal division bars and sill are secured to the side jambs in any desired way.

Fig. 23 shows a form of weather strip for the head and side jambs of the frame which has certain advantages over that of Fig. 1. In this case a thin sheet-metal channel I05 of substantially the cross-section shown is secured by nails or screws to the head, jamb and division bar of the frame, and a rubber strip I06 of substantially the cross-section shown is then crowdad or pressed into this channel and is firmly held thereby. This avoids the use of cement and makes the strip more easily applied and more readily replaced by a user. The action of the glass against the flexible wing I01 in closing is less liable to leave a wavy or irregular appearance than in the form of Fig. 1.

Fig. 24 shows a different form of strip for the lower edge of the glass from that of Fig. 1. In this instance a hollow rubber strip I08 of substantially the cross-section shown is slipped, without cementing, into a. thin'sheet-metal channel I09 which is suitably secured in any desired way to the sill or bar. The glass merely rests on top of this strip and depresses the upper surface of the same, and makes a better appearance on the inside of glass than Fig. 1, unless, at least, -special care is exercised in the installation. Of course the same dust-, weatherand rattle-proof joint is secured as in the other form.

Fig. 24a shows a means for definitely guiding the lower edge of the glass into the desired positionin the frame and for limiting its lowermost position so that the entire weight is not carried by the rubber weather-strip, which in time might permanently distort it. In this a lug or block II 0 issecured to the side jamb, as by a screw or in other desired manner. A narrow metal strip II I is secured to the slanting edge of this block IIII and its lower end is formed into a rest or support for the lower edge of the glass. One of these is attached to each jamb and thus guides the glass into its proper place when it is being installed.

The lower ends of these strips III support the glass at each lower corner and prevent the complete distortion or crushing of the hollow rubber strip I08.

Figs. 25 and 26 show a different form and arrangement than in Fig. 8 of the glass-engaging parts at the lower end of operating lever 11' of the hardware. In this a flat pin II2 projecting from the face of the lower end of said lever 11' has slipped over it a felt, fibre or rubber sleeve or washer II3, which when the glass and lever are in closed position bears against the glass, like the pad SI of Fig. 8, and there is no danger in any position of engaging or scratching the glass. Similarly, a flat or oval pin Ill having a felt or similar washer or sleeve IIS slipped over it takes the place of the hook 82 of Fig. 8 and metal contact of the same with the glass is prevented in all positions. A flattened part I I8 projecting from the face of lever TI acts as a stop to engage the upper edge of the glass when the parts are in their open position and takes the place of the upper part of Z-member of Fig. 8 when in the position corresponding to that of Fig. 8. Otherwise the construction and operation of this hardware is the same as that shown in said Fig. 8.

Figs. 27 and 28 show aknob attached to the glass near the upper comer and a rotating thumbadjacent edge of the glass. These are located at each end of each glass and take the place of the hardware of the Fig. 1 type. By simply turning the clasps I2l to the dotted-line position the end of the glass is freed therefrom, and then by taking hold of the knob I20 at each end of the glass it may be pulled away from its normal closed position and readily lifted out. It is replaced by the reverse operations. 1

Figs. 29 and 30 show simple hardware for'securing the glass in its open ventilating positions or in closed position. A knob-operated catch I25 1 is mounted in any desired way on the uppercorner of the glass. At the side on the jamb. is secured the metal strip' I26 having several holes thereimtwo being shown, to receive the bolt of the catch I25. By turning the knob I21 of this catch the bolt I28 is withdrawn from the hasp I26 and the glass maybe tipped inwardly until the bolt engages one of theholes farther out on the strip to hold the glass in open ventilating position With this arrangement the same at each upper corner of the glass, the glass maybe manipulated the same as in Fig. 1.

Figs. 31 and 32 show the details of the screen 56 with wire frame III, the screen-mesh being welded to the wire of the frame. or otherwise secured, and which screen may be substituted for a pane of glass in Fig. 1, as heretofore explained.

Figs. 33 and 34 show a similar screen, in which a flat frame I 30 is made of afiat strip of sheet metal folded upon itself and upon the edges of the screen mesh, as shown, to secure the mesh to the screen. This also is intended to replace a pane of glass in the same way as the screen of the other figures and to operate and be operated in the same way.

Fig. 35 shows a metal weather-strip which may be used instead of a rubber strip as heretofore shown. The top and end strips ISI for the glass and-finger clamp I2I pivoted to the lamb at the are formed of thin resilient metal bent into the .into the cross-sectional shape shown, the upper leg thereof bearing against the inside of the glass -as shown This also is secured in position, as .de-

:sired, by being suitablytacked or-nailed to the I e or unit. ,At thelower end of each such slot the frame, or otherwise.

Figs.- 36, 37 and38 show a casement type win dow, in which metal frame sash I35 having the. usual glass secured therein are mounted in a,

wood window frame I36. In such c asementwin-f dows. the window isdivided vertically and f cen 1 e e v e v ported, at least when open, at the point I59, Figs.

' trally and the sash are hingedtothe frame and swing outwardly. But in the ordinary. construc- Y tion the window frame is also of metal and there is so much condensation therefrom that the same is very objectionable. In this form I provide a wood frame in which the metal casement sash are mounted, and I then provide theinside of the window with a suitable sash I31, which may be termed a storm sash. This enables me to provide in a casement typewindow a two-glass window with an air space between, with no metal on the inside and hence no objectionable condensation on the inside of the window and room. For summer use the inside sash I31 may be'replaced by a suitable screen and the-outside casement sash opened for ventilation.

Figs. 39 to 57 show a different form of the Fig. 39 shows the window sections closed and' Fig. 42 shows them open for ventilation in full lines and for cleaning in dotted lines, in which latter position they may also be removed from the hardwareand taken out orput in. In this form the sections swingoutwardly and. are supported partially by outside hardware. They are preferably all operated automatically by a suitable handle or crank located inside the window opposite the lower sash and at one end thereof. A screen covering the entire window is placed inside the sash and which may be replaced by a suitable storm sash in the winter if single glass instead of double glass, as shown, he used in the regular sash. The details of construction and operation will be explained in connection with these and the other figures.

Fig. 43 shows a section through the head; Fig. 44 a section through adjacent lower and upper sash frames; Fig. 48 a section through the jamb and end sash frame; and Fig. 49 a section through the sill.

The glass I50, preferably double, the socalled in' wood sash frames. The sash are supported at two points at each end; the one being a pin I5I, Figs. 44, 45 and 48, suitably secured to and projecting from the upper corner of the sash, as by a narrow strip of metal I52 secured by screws in a recess in upper end edge of the sash and projecting above the top sash frame and carrying said pin I5I at its upper end. This pin projects into a slot I53 formed in a sheet metal angle plate I54 secured around the corner of the jamb I55 of'the window frame. The pin I 5I slides up and down in this-slot when the sash is moved to its various positions, as indicated in Fig. 42-. It is caused to do so and is supported by a vertically reciprocating bar I56 in a corner recess or groove in the corner ofv the jamb and is covered over by the angle plate I54. The pin I5I fits into a transverse open-ended bearing recess I51 in the edge of re- 2,957,815 tacks or nails of otherwise. The bottoms of the ciprocating or slidingbar I58 and pivots therein and is raised and lowered therebywhen the bar slides upand down and is supported by it.

The angle plate and sliding bar extend past all the window sectionsorunits and have slots I53 and recesses I51 opposite the pin I5I of each sash w metal of'the angleplate lfl is cut away, asat I56,

Fig. 45, to permitthe pin I 5i to pass therethrough to free the sash from the window frame. This ;may occur when the sash is in the position shown infdotted lines in 42.. The sash is also sup- 44 and Y48 which is a suitably formedpivot pin 1 riveted or suitably secured to a bracket I60 which is bolted by bolts I6I, Fig. 48, to the outside face of-the end sash frame asuitable distance. Figs. 39,40 and.42,'below the top of the sash. This pivot I59 extends through the end of the arm or link I62 and in turn is pivoted at its upper end to a bracket "53, extending out from the outer edge of the-jamb I55 of the window frame. This bracket is preferably of sheet metal and, as shown in Figs. 40, 43, 44 and 48, has bracing webs verticallyand horizontally from a suitable base which is firmly screwed or otherwise secured to the jamb. Thus when the pivot pins -I 5I of the sash are moved down or up the link or arm I62 causes the sash to" swing outwardly or back into the various positions indicated in Figs. 39, 42, and others.

It will be noted, Fig. 44, that the pivot pin I59 at the lower end of link I62 is fiat-sided, as shown by the dotted lines, where it projects through the link, and that there is a. narrow slot I64 extending angularly from the pivot hole to the outer edge of the link. This is so that when the sash is swung open to thedotted-line position of Fig. 42 approximately the pivot pin I59 may he slipped out of the slot I64 in the link. In this position, therefore, the sash may be freed from the window frame both at its pin I59 and pin I5i and taken in o the room, and'it may be replaced in operative position in the same way.

The sill, Fig. 49, comprises two members, the lower, I65, forming part of the outer window frame and the other, I66, being removable to give 4 access to the hollow longitudinal space I 61 therein.

In order to operate the vertically sliding bars 556 synchronously, one in each side of the window, the mechanism shown in diagram in Fig. 52 is provided. This comprises suitable flexible, preferably wire, cables attached to the upper and lower ends of said bars I56 which pass over properly located guide pulleys or sheaves to a cable operating device operated by a hand crank conveniently located inside the window. Thus, as-shown in Fig. 52, one cable I68 is attached to the top of the right-hand bar I56 and passes over sheave I69 at the top of the window and then down to the threaded bar III) of the cable operating device.

. From the other end of said threaded bar a cable I'II passes'under sheaves I12 and I13 inthe sill to the lower end of sliding bar- I56 to the left. Another cable I14, secured to the. upper end of left-hand bar I56, passes over sheave I69 at the top of the left-hand jamb, and down under sheaves I15 and I16 in the sill to the lower end of right-hand bar I56; By this means when the threaded bar I I0 is moved up or down the two bars I56 are correspondingly moved-to thereby swingthesash in or out, as the case may be. .Turn buckles I 51 serve to keep the cables taut.

Figs. 43 and 4'7 show the location of, the sheave I69 at the top of the window-frame structure and the attachment of the cable at the point In to h the bar I56; also the cable I68 (see also Fig.

48) passing down through a groove in the stop or moulding strip I19, Fig. 48, to the cable operating device. This latter is shown more clearly in Figs. 50 and 51, wherein a suitable metal casing or housing I80 supports the .threaded bar I18, which is flattened on opposite sides and passes through two correspondingly shaped and fitting holes in the housing members I8] and I82, Fig. 51. A threaded bevel gear nut I83 rotating between members IN and I82 and threading on the bar I18 serves, when rotated, to cause the bar I18 to travel up or down, since it is pre-. vented from rotating. A bevel gear I84 meshing with the gear nut I83 and fixed on a short shaft extending through and having a squared end on the outside of the casing drives the gear nut. A

removable crank handle I85 serves to operate this shaft in either direction and through it the cables. This housing is suitably inserted and secured in the j'amb and stop, as shown in Figs. 48 and 50, with the squared end projecting inside, where it is conveniently accessible (see Figs. 39 to 42).

Another device for operating these cables is shown in Fig. 53 and comprises a small drum I85 to and around which the cables I58 and I" are suitably attached and wound when the drum is operated by the attached worm wheel I81 and worm I88 and removable crank I85, as before. A suitable housing would, of course, be provided and the location would be the same.

In the hollow sill the lower sheaves and the horizontal cables are located. Thus, Fig. 49, the sheaves I12 and I16 are shown in dotted lines, suitably mounted, and the corresponding cables "I and I14.

Suitable weather strips of I any desired form or material may be placed between the head and upper sash rail, between the upper and lower rails of the sash themselves, and between the lower sash rail and the sill. Those shown, however, consist of thin metal resilient strips I89 bent midway to present two slightly divergent leaves, one of which leaves, preferably the lower, is tacked or screwed to the appropriate member,the lower in this instance,and the other leaf engages the opposite member resiliently to provide a closed joint. These adjacent cooperating surfaces of the head, the sash rails and the sill incline downwardly, as indicated, to tend to I direct any moisture to the outside and generally interlock when the window is closed, and the upper such surface in each case has an overhang to serve as a drip cap for the joint. Suitable metal weather strips I98, of common form, are attached to the inside stop strip I19, as shown in Figs. 48 and 50..

As heretofore stated, a suitable screen I9l covering the entire window may be employed and located, as shown, inside the glass. This is readily removable for cleaning of the glass or their removal for any purpose. In case single glass are used in the sash instead of the double glass, such screen, when desired, may be replaced by a suitable storm window. It is, of course, unnecessary to remove either the screen or the storm window to operate the sash for ventilationpurposes, but only for cleaning, removal and replacement, or similar purposes.

Fig. 54 shows a metal sash for the glass instead of wood. as in the preceding figures. The manner of suspending and operating the sash is the same as in the last form described, be-

ginning with Fig. 39. Here the bracket I88 for the -pivot for the link I82 is an integral part of the metal end member or wing I82 of the sash frame; the metal sash engages a rubber weather strip in the jamb, and, as shown in Figs. 54-55, the lower and upper rails of adjacent sash projections I93 thereon with a moulded rubber strip between carried by one of the rails. When insulation is called for the screen is replaced by a storm sash. This may be hinged at the top and swing in at the bottom for ventilation. The metal sash frames permit making the horizontal members of minimum size.

In Fig. 56 the bottom and top sash rails are omitted, the end rails, as in Fig. 54, being retained. In this case a moulded rubber strip 93, like that of Fig. 13 and other figures, may be used and which operates in the same way.

Fig. '7 shows a metal horizontal dividing bar I94 of the cross-section shown. which is secured at its ends to the jambs of the window frame. Rubber mouldings, as shown, are secured to' this bar and co-operate with the glass as shown. The

remainder of the construction, both of the window frame, the sash and operating mechanism, in all these Figures 54 to 57, will be understood from the description and drawings of the preceding forms.

In all these forms with the outwardly opening horizontal window sections the window is easily cleaned from-the inside. The sash-operating device is easy to handle and operate and is selflocking in any position. thus making the window burglar-proof in partly opened position. The sash is supported and operated at two points in such manner that torsion and the transferring of stresses across the sash are eliminated. whereby very slender horizontal sash members may be used or entirely eliminated.

This form, moreover, is particularly suited to thermopane windows which consist of two sheets of glass with an air space between suitably sealed together to make them dustand moisture-proof.

When such glass is used the window is always insulated when closed and gives successful ventilation when opened, without danger of rain dropping or splashing in.

The only hardware exposed on the inside is the small trim plate fiush with the jamb and the squared shaft projecting slightly inside over which the removable crank is slipped for operation of the window. The projecting hinges are on the. outside of the window. All other hardware is concealed in the jamb or sill. Condensation inside is thus prevented. When opened as far as possible the sash may be lifted out of the hinges; in any other position the sash is not detachable from the window frame. There is no interference with shades or curtains.

It is believed that the foregoing sets forth the construction and operation of the several forms illustrated of my invention and that further detailed explanation is unnecessary. It is obvious that still other variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope there of as set forth or intended to be set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame, a glass unit for said frame, and operating means for securing said glass in said frame in closed or open ventilating position and also permitting the convenient removal and replacement of the glass.

bination, a window frame divided into a plurality of sections, two sheets of glass with an airspace between in each section, and hardware means for permitting the operation of each glass, including its ready installatiom-removal, securing in closed position andin open ventilating position.

a. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame, a plurality of glass units fitting therein, each unit having outside and inside glass spaced apart to provide a confined air space between, said frame being of heat-nonconductive material, and metallic strengthening ,;members, the latter being confined to the exterlor of the inside glass.

5. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame, one or more glass and screen units for said frame, the glass and screen being interchangeable in said units, and hardware means for securing the glass or screen in closed position and the glass in ventilating position and also permitting the ready removal, replacement and interchange of glass and screen.

6. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame divided into a plurality of sections, a glass for each section, flexible weather stripping for the glass attached to and forming a part of the frame and providing a bed for the glass and a dust-, weatherand rattleproo-f connection therewith, said glass being otherwise unattached to the frame, and fixtures permitting the ready opening of the glass for ventilation and their ready removal and replace ment and securing them in both ventilating and closed positions.

7. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame, removable horizontal glass units therefor unattached to the frame, vertical members attached to the frame outside the glass to prevent unintentional dropping of the glass when installing or removing.

8. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame divided into horizontal sections, removable glass units for said sections, metal guides and retaining supports for the ends of said glass attached to the jambs of the frame to insure glass sliding into proper position when placed in the frame.

9. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame, said frame having provision for supporting a plurality of removable glass units, glass units therefor, a rack for the glass when not in the window comprising notched members on the window stool for the bottoms of the glass, and wire brackets hinged to the jambs and their free ends bent to form recesses for the ends of the glass when swung outwardly from the jambs.

10. A window construction comprising, in combination, a window frame having unobstructed interior opening, a plurality of horizontal units filling said interior opening and pivotally supported adjacent their lower corners by said frame, and means for securing said units in closed position or in open position for ventilation and for permitting the ready removal and replacement of said units from the inside of the room.

11. A window construction comprising, in comes gal-gm r ,1 A15. a ail) bination, a window frame devoid of cross-bars, a plurality of horizontal glass sections inter-engaging and filling, when closed, the interior opening of said frame, said sections being hung ln'the w frame to open outwardly, a screen or storm sash in said frame inside the said sections, and means operable from the-inner side of said screen or sash for opening and closing said sections.

12. A window construction comprising, in com- ;bination, a window frame adapted tobe installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of horizontal glass sections arranged to engage; each other, when closed, and filling the interior opening of said frame, said sections being hung in the frame to open outwardly, a screen or storm sash in said frame inside the said sections, and means selflocking in all positions operable from inside said screen or sash for opening and closing said sectlons.

13. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of horizontal glass sections therefor, and end supporting means for said sections in said frame permitting the opening to ventilating but non-rain-entering position and closing of the same and also their positioning for conveniently cleaning the outer side of the glass from the inside of the window.

14. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of sash therefor, said sash being hingedly connected with the frame to swing transversely from the frame for opening and to engage each other at their free edges when closed, and remote control means for operating said sash to open and close the same.

15. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame devoid of cross-bars adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of interengaging sash therefor, and hinge mechanism for securing said sash to the frame and permitting their simultaneous opening and closing, said mechanism permitting the ready individual detachment of the sash from the frame when the sash is in one position.

'16. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of horizontal sash therefor interengag'ing when closed to fill the opening in the frame, hinge mechanism connecting the ends of the sash with the frame, said mechanism when the sash are opened widely operating to lower the top of the sash and partly' bination, a wood window frame, a plurality of interengaging metal sash therefor, glass in said sash, and a storm sash located in said frame and spaced from said metal sash to provide an air space between said sash to prevent condensation of moisture on said metal sash, and means operable from one side of the frame for opening and closing said metal sash independently of the storm sash.

19. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of horizontal sash therefor and hinge mechanism connecting the ends of the sash with the frame, said mechanism permitting the upper edge of the sash to lower when the sash is swung outwardly at its lower edge into an open position.

20. A window construction comprising, in combination, a frame adapted to be installed in the wall of a building, a plurality of horizontal sash therefor and hinge mechanism connecting the ends of the sash with the frame, said mechanism at each end including a supporting link pivoted at its lower end to the sash below its upper edge and at its upper end to a support beyond the plane of the sash when closed, and guiding means for the upper corner of the sash to cause it to travel up and down the frame when the sash is swung to closed or open position.

RUDOLPH P. BOEHM.