US2623954A - Electron discharge tube amplifier for signal voltages - Google Patents

Electron discharge tube amplifier for signal voltages Download PDF

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Publication number
US2623954A
US2623954A US15124A US1512448A US2623954A US 2623954 A US2623954 A US 2623954A US 15124 A US15124 A US 15124A US 1512448 A US1512448 A US 1512448A US 2623954 A US2623954 A US 2623954A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
oscillation
discharge tube
amplitude
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US15124A
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English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Jacobus Zaalber Zelst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL131233A external-priority patent/NL89155C/xx
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2623954A publication Critical patent/US2623954A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/04—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H03F1/06—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in discharge-tube amplifiers to raise the efficiency of amplifying modulated radio frequency waves; to raise the efficiency of amplifiers acting also as modulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/38—DC amplifiers with modulator at input and demodulator at output; Modulators or demodulators specially adapted for use in such amplifiers
    • H03F3/40—DC amplifiers with modulator at input and demodulator at output; Modulators or demodulators specially adapted for use in such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/66—Amplifiers simultaneously generating oscillations of one frequency and amplifying signals of another frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
    • H03G3/22—Automatic control in amplifiers having discharge tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improvement in or modification of the invention described and claimed in copending application Serial No. 584,071, filed July 16, 1946.
  • Patent No. 2,554,132 In the said application, now issued as Patent No. 2,554,132, on May 22, 1951, there is described a circuit arrangement for amplifying electrical oscillations with the aid of electric discharge tubes, the ratio between the output and the input voltages of the amplifier (amplification factor) having a constant or substantially constant value.
  • the invention relates to a variant of the circuit arrangement of the type above described and which exhibits favourable characteristics with respect to the amplification factor.
  • the amplified voltage is derived from the said auxiliary-frequency oscillations.
  • the value of at least one of the alternating control-grid voltages of one of the oscillator discharge tubes, a value which varies in accordance with the oscillation to be amplified, is determined on the one hand by the input signal voltage and on the other hand by the said control-voltage.
  • Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 3a shows the input signal
  • Fig. 3b shows the modulated oscillations developed in the circuits of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • l designates an electric discharge tube, with the aid of which the voltage fed to input terminals 2 is amplified with a substantially constant amplification factor.
  • the anode circuit of the tube I includes a primary 3 of a transformer, a secondary 4 of which is connected to the grid of the discharge tube l.
  • the coupling between windings 3 and t provides regenerative feedback so that the circuit will tend to self-oscillate at a frequency which is determined by a tuned circuit 5 coupled to the inductance 3.
  • the oscillations set up across the cir- 1948, Serial No. 15,124
  • . 2 cuit 5 are detected with the aid of a detector 5, the output circuit of which comprises a smoothing filter l, 8 constituted by a capacity I and a resistance 8. has a bias voltage which is determined, on the one hand, by the signal voltage which is fed to terminals 2 and, on the other hand, by the voltage set up across a portion9 of the resistance .8.
  • the amplified voltage is developed across the resistance 8 and obtained from output terminals H3.
  • the circuit-arrangement operates as follows:
  • An amplifier of this kind provides a constant, approximately 300 fold amplification, the amplification being limited by the parameters of the tube. It is found that the variation of mutual conductance of the tube as a function of the control-grid voltage should be high, and a higher amplification is realized as the frequency of the auxiliary oscillation is increased with respect to the frequency of the oscillations to be amplified.
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement, in which the amplification factor can be increased to a materially higher extent and in which the degree of constancy is slightly less satisfactory.
  • the detected oscillation is developed across the smoothing filter l, 8 of detector 6.
  • the output voltage is derived from the detected oscillation and is applied to a low-
  • this voltage variation will be fed through the decoupling condenser I 2 directly to the grid of the tube I.
  • a small increase in input voltage will lead to a constant increase in amplitude of the self-oscillating auxiliary oscillation. If the input voltage then retains its old value, the oscillation produced willcontinue to self-oscillate with an amplitude corresponding to the value thus attained.
  • Fig. 3a which shows the input oscillation
  • Fig. 3b which shows the oscillation produced across the circuit 5.
  • the oscillation produced will increase more and more in such manner that the amplitude of this oscillation is, to a first approximation, proportional to the period of time and to the increase in input voltage.
  • This increase in amplitude continues up to the instant b at which the input voltage regains its value associated with the state of equilibrium. Due to the decrease in input voltage below this value, the generated oscillation will then be damped, and so forth.
  • the voltage set up across the output terminals it is thus proportional to the integral of the input voltage fed to the terminals 2.
  • the amplification is increased to a high extent and may even attain a Value of, for example, 10,000 by providing a feedback circuit I3, It for the signal oscillations which, if desired, istuned to the central frequency of these oscillations.
  • the amplification factor is not as constant as that achieved with the circuit-arrangement shown in Fig. 1, it is reasonably satisfactory, since the direct voltage set up across thecondenser l2 acts to control the grid voltage of the tube 1 so that this tube is always adjusted so as to be in a region of constant slope determined by the feedback 3, d.
  • This circuit arrangement is found to yield an amplification factor which increases as the percentage slope variation is greater and, as pointed out hereinbefore, it is found to exhibit a characteristic curve which is inversely proportional to the frequency of the low-frequency signal.
  • triode l shown in the figures may be replaced, for example, by a pentode or by a multi-tube circuit, the signal voltage being fed to the same or to different grids respectively.
  • the voltage set up across the resistance 9 or the condenser i2 respectively is also fed to the same or to one of the other grids of these tubes respectively.
  • the network ll, I2 may furthermore, be proportioned so as to ensure particularly favourable properties with respect to given frequencies to be amplified.
  • a circuit arrangement for amplifying an input signal voltage in a given range of frequencies comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, grid and anode electrodes, feedback means intercoupling said anode and grid electrodes in regenerative relationship to produce an oscillation having a frequency outside of said range of frequencies, means to apply said input signal voltage to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said discharge tube thereby to vary the amplitude: of said oscillation as a function of the amplitudes of said signal voltage, rectifying means coupled to said anode electrode to derive from said variable amplitude oscillation a potential varying in amplitude depending on the amplitude of said variable amplitude oscillation, and means to apply a portion of said potential to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said tube in a sense oppostie to the variations thereof produced by said input signal voltage.
  • a circuit arrangement for amplifying an input signal voltage in a given range of frequencies comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, grid and anode electrodes, feedback means intercoupling said anode and grid electrodes in regenerative relationship to produce an oscillation having a frequency outside of said range of frequencies, means to apply said input signal voltage to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said discharge tube thereby to vary the amplitude of said oscillation as a function of the amplitude of said signal voltage, rectifying means to derive from said variable amplitude oscillation a potential varying in amplitude depending on the amplitude of said variable amplitude oscillation comprising a detector for said oscillation coupled to the anode electrode of said discharge tube and a load impedance coupled to said detector, and means to apply a portion of the potential across said load impedance to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said tube in a sense opposite to the variations thereof produced by said input signal voltage.
  • a circuit arrangement for amplifying an input signal voltage in a given range of frequencies comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, grid and anode electrodes, transformer means intercoupling said grid and anode electrodes in regenerative relationship to produce an oscillation having a frequency outside of said range of frequencies, means to apply said input signal voltage to the grid of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said discharge tube thereby to vary the amplitude of said oscillation as a function of the amplitude of said signal voltage, rectifying means to derive from said variable amplitude oscillation a potential varying in amplitude depending on the amplitude of said variable amplitude oscillation comprising a rectifier for said oscillation and a load impedance element coupled to said rectifier, a low-pass network coupled to said load impedance, and means coupled to said low-pass network to apply a portion of the potential across said load impedance to the grid of said discharge tube-to vary the gain of said tube in a sense opposite to the variations thereof produced by said input signal voltage.
  • a circuit arrangement for amplifying an input signal voltage in a given range of frequencies comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, grid and anode electrodes, first transformer means intercoupling said grid and anode electrodes in regenerative relationship to produce an oscillation having a frequency outside of said range of frequencies, second transformer means tuned to the frequency of said input signal voltage intercoupling said grid and anode electrodes in regenerative relationship, means to apply said input signal voltage to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said discharge tube thereby to vary the amplitude of said oscillation as a function of the amplitude of said signal voltage, rectifying means coupled to said anode.
  • variable amplitude oscillation a potential varying in amplitude depending on the amplitude of said variable amplitude oscillation, and means to apply a portion of said potential to the grid electrode of said discharge tube to vary the gain of said tube in a sense opposite to the variations thereof produced by said input signal voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US15124A 1943-03-19 1948-03-16 Electron discharge tube amplifier for signal voltages Expired - Lifetime US2623954A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL860818X 1943-03-19
NL131233A NL89155C (da) 1947-03-25 1947-03-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2623954A true US2623954A (en) 1952-12-30

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ID=37564251

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15124A Expired - Lifetime US2623954A (en) 1943-03-19 1948-03-16 Electron discharge tube amplifier for signal voltages

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2623954A (da)
DE (1) DE888265C (da)
DK (1) DK73580C (da)
FR (1) FR58107E (da)
GB (1) GB643915A (da)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756287A (en) * 1952-04-11 1956-07-24 Baldwin Piano Co Audio amplifier compensated gain control
US2789162A (en) * 1952-03-01 1957-04-16 Gen Electric Wave amplifying circuits
US2817716A (en) * 1954-03-05 1957-12-24 Melvin B Freedman Gain control circuits
US2840648A (en) * 1956-11-15 1958-06-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric signal transmission
US2919415A (en) * 1954-03-22 1959-12-29 Hoffman Electronics Corp Amplitude modulated blocking oscillators or the like

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1269188B (de) * 1966-03-04 1968-05-30 Fernseh Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Regelung der mittels einer Gleichspannung steuerbaren Verstaerkung eines Verstaerkers fuer elektrische Signale

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2041951A (en) * 1933-08-17 1936-05-26 American Telephone & Telegraph Modulating system
US2153752A (en) * 1934-08-08 1939-04-11 Telefunken Gmbh Direct current amplifier circuits
US2175990A (en) * 1933-12-28 1939-10-10 Hirsch Nicholas Process and arrangement for increasing the maximum output of electron tubes
US2201770A (en) * 1937-05-15 1940-05-21 Hazeltine Corp Frequency stabilizing arrangement
US2233453A (en) * 1937-04-17 1941-03-04 Siemens Ag Transmitter
US2255190A (en) * 1939-02-18 1941-09-09 Ryall Leonard Ernest Variable amplifying device
US2346545A (en) * 1940-08-10 1944-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device circuit
US2432512A (en) * 1944-01-08 1947-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Automatic modulation control circuit
US2435262A (en) * 1944-01-26 1948-02-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-modulated oscillator

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2041951A (en) * 1933-08-17 1936-05-26 American Telephone & Telegraph Modulating system
US2175990A (en) * 1933-12-28 1939-10-10 Hirsch Nicholas Process and arrangement for increasing the maximum output of electron tubes
US2153752A (en) * 1934-08-08 1939-04-11 Telefunken Gmbh Direct current amplifier circuits
US2233453A (en) * 1937-04-17 1941-03-04 Siemens Ag Transmitter
US2201770A (en) * 1937-05-15 1940-05-21 Hazeltine Corp Frequency stabilizing arrangement
US2255190A (en) * 1939-02-18 1941-09-09 Ryall Leonard Ernest Variable amplifying device
US2346545A (en) * 1940-08-10 1944-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device circuit
US2432512A (en) * 1944-01-08 1947-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Automatic modulation control circuit
US2435262A (en) * 1944-01-26 1948-02-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-modulated oscillator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2789162A (en) * 1952-03-01 1957-04-16 Gen Electric Wave amplifying circuits
US2756287A (en) * 1952-04-11 1956-07-24 Baldwin Piano Co Audio amplifier compensated gain control
US2817716A (en) * 1954-03-05 1957-12-24 Melvin B Freedman Gain control circuits
US2919415A (en) * 1954-03-22 1959-12-29 Hoffman Electronics Corp Amplitude modulated blocking oscillators or the like
US2840648A (en) * 1956-11-15 1958-06-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric signal transmission

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE888265C (de) 1953-08-31
DK73580C (da) 1952-01-02
GB643915A (en) 1950-09-27
FR58107E (fr) 1953-09-21

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