US2621154A - Packaged electrodes for the cathodic protection of metallic underground structures - Google Patents

Packaged electrodes for the cathodic protection of metallic underground structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US2621154A
US2621154A US705508A US70550846A US2621154A US 2621154 A US2621154 A US 2621154A US 705508 A US705508 A US 705508A US 70550846 A US70550846 A US 70550846A US 2621154 A US2621154 A US 2621154A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
metallic
mass
package
cathodic protection
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US705508A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert B Mears
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcoa Corp
Original Assignee
Aluminum Company of America
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR957879D priority Critical patent/FR957879A/fr
Application filed by Aluminum Company of America filed Critical Aluminum Company of America
Priority to US705508A priority patent/US2621154A/en
Priority to GB34224/47A priority patent/GB641022A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2621154A publication Critical patent/US2621154A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/32—Pipes

Definitions

  • This invention relatesto .a novel. electrode or anode package designed for use :as .a part of an installation designed to protect metallic underground ,structures, such as pipe lines, oil well casings or parts, structural footings and thelike, against corrosion and corrosiveagentsor agencies.
  • a metal electrode made 'oimetalanodic to the metal of the structure .to be protected, is buried in the earth at a distance from the metallic underground structure and connected. thereto by :a conducting wire or bus thereby forming a galvanic cell, the earth serving ,to complete the circuit.
  • a steady current flows continuously inthe cell .so formed and offers, as is well known, considerable protection against corrosion to the :buried metallic structure.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in such installations being primarily directed to the provision of .an-improved electrode assembly or package of very considerable advantages.
  • the objects, purposes and advantages of the invention are'best described withxreference to the accompanying drawings, .inwhich:
  • FIG.1 is a diagrammatic representation, shown in cross-sectional elevation, of a portion of a typical installation made in accordance with prior -practice,'to cathodically protect a metallic underground structure;
  • FIG.12'iS a view in ,orcssasectional elevation, through-:anelectrode package embodying this invention in preferred form;
  • Fig. 3 is a view ofza cross section through the package shown in :Fig. line 3-3;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates, in cross sectional elevation, another electrode package embodying the principles of this invention.
  • the metallic underground structure to be protected is illustrated by a pipe line In buried in the earth ll.
  • An electrode l3 is buried a distance from the line It and connected thereto by the'wire. l2.
  • a number of electrodes are employed when a buried linear structure, such-as aiipipe line, is to beprotected, the electrodes being spaced along the run of the line at 2, taken at the section iii) suitable intervals and connected to the line as illustrated .in the figure. Only-one electrodeis shown in the illustration. in some installations.
  • a series of single electrodes is connected at intervals along thepipe line. In other installations groups of electrodes may be disposed at intervals along theline, each group being connected tothe line with a singlelead.
  • the electrode l3 is installed in ,a hole dug in the earth, the outline of the hole being indicated in'Fig. 1 by the broken line I4. The electrode is positioned in-the hole and then maintained in this desired ,positionby tamping or pressingthemixture l5 around it.. Thereafter, in usual practice, anearth cap l6"-is placed on top of the mixture l5toifill the hole to the earth level IT. "The mixture l5 is prepared at the time of.
  • the installation and comprises a carrier or base, often ,formed of earth, with which are mixed chemicals of predetermined nature and quantity. These chemicals have various functions but .are usually considered necessary to promote efficient operation of the electrode and of the "cell of .which the electrode is apart.
  • the chemicals, the exact nature an'd quantity of which form no partof'this invention, often difier according to the compositionlof the metallic electrode l3, the nature of .the' current desired in the cell and the judgmentof the person making the installation.
  • the chemical substances are predetermined as an active element of the installation.
  • metal of the ,electrode is anodic to the metal of the structure to be protected, andsince such structures areusuallymade of iron orsteel, it has been common practice to use zinc electrodes. Recent developments in .the utilization of aluminum and ,magnesium metals as. electrodes have opened thecommercial utilization of these metals. Whatever the metal chosen .as
  • a preformed electrode package is prepared which essentially consists of a metallic electrode of desired composition surrounded by a rigid permeable envelope containing the chemical components predetermined as the desired active elements in the final installation.
  • electrode and envelope comprise a single unit.
  • this packaged electrode may be transported as such to the place of installation, dropped, or planted, in a hole dug to receive it and the installation finished by connecting the electrode to the structure to be protected. Thereby the necessity for preparing a mixture in the field is avoided, accuracy of mixture is assured and the Work of installation considerably lessened.
  • Such electrode packages are, I have found, as eilicient in operation as the field-assembled installations which they replace, and in some instances there have been indications that over extended periods of time the operation of the galvanic cell of which the installed package is a part is more eiiicient.
  • the preformed electrode package of this invention may take various shapes and forms. Examples are illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4, inclusive.
  • the package is formed by casting or pressing or otherwise forming on the selected electrode a rigid mass which contains the active chemical elements.
  • a rigid mass which contains the active chemical elements.
  • Such a form of package is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a rigid cement envelope l9 having been cast upon the metallic electrode it.
  • the package has also been provided with a connecting lead 20, the point of attachment of the lead to the electrode I8 having been covered with a protective cap 2!, here made of asphalt, to prevent undue corrosion at this point.
  • the rigid envelope l9 entirely surrounds the electrode but such construction is not necessary and only a substantial portion of the electrode surface need be covered.
  • Fig. 2 the rigid envelope l9 entirely surrounds the electrode but such construction is not necessary and only a substantial portion of the electrode surface need be covered.
  • the rigid permeable mass 23 only covers a portion of the electrode 22, the wire lead 24 and the protecting cap 25 being again conveniently provided.
  • the rigid mass or envelope I9 or 23 may be formed of cement, plastic, ceramic, some forms of gelatin, or other moldable substance which, when molded into contact with the electrode, forms a rigid permeable envelope or coating.
  • the term rigid as used herein means that the mass surrounding the electrode should have sufficient stiffness to be self supporting.
  • the envelope or coating must be of such a character as to allow any liquid and chemical to come in contact with the electrode and this property is herein designated as permeability.
  • the surrounding mass will have channels or pores of a suilicient size to be readily detected and herein masses of this nature are regarded as being porous.
  • the chemicals required in the mass may in many cases, depending on the chemicals desired and the material of which the mass is formed, be mixed with the mass prior to placing it around the electrode or a neutral mass may be employed and after it is placed on the electrode In most cases the required chemicals may be placed in its pores by immersion of the article in a solution of the chemical, followed by drying, or by familiar methods of pressure impregnation or in any other convenient manner.
  • the result is an electrode package consisting essentially of a metallic electrode at least partially enveloped in a rigid permeable mass, the mass containing chemical predetermined to be an active element in the cathodic protection installation of which the unitary package will become a part. While exact compositions form no part of this invention, some examples thereof will serve to illustrate the invention in its preferred form. For instance, if the package contains a zinc or magnesium electrode, the permeable envelope may be formed of a calcium sulphate cement or a Portland cement to which sulphates have been added, since sulphates are chemicals often chosen for the back fill mixture when such electrodes are used.
  • the envelope element of the package may be formed of an alkaline cement in which amounts of halides have been incorporated. Good results have been obtained with a package consisting of n aluminum electrode surrounded by a rigid permeable mass made of cement consisting of a mixture of equal parts of magnesite and sand moistened to a paste consistency, prior to molding, by a saturated solution of magnesium chloride.
  • a cathodic protection system an underground metallic structure, said structure being electrically connected to a separately installed underground electrode of a metal anodic to the metal of said structure, and said electrode being at least partially enveloped and fixedly contacted by a rigid cement mass containing chemical predetermined as an active element in said system, said mass being permeable to liquid.
  • an underground metallic structure said structure being electrically connected to a separately installed underground aluminous electrode, said electrode being at least partiall enveloped and fixedly contacted by a rigid cement mass containing chemical predetermined as an active element in said system, said mass being permeable to liquid.
  • an underground metallic structure said structure being electrically connected to a separately installed underground magnesic electrode, said electrode being at least partially enveloped and fixedly contacted by a rigid cement mass containing chemical predetermined as an active element in said system, said mass being permeable to liquid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
US705508A 1946-10-25 1946-10-25 Packaged electrodes for the cathodic protection of metallic underground structures Expired - Lifetime US2621154A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR957879D FR957879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1946-10-25
US705508A US2621154A (en) 1946-10-25 1946-10-25 Packaged electrodes for the cathodic protection of metallic underground structures
GB34224/47A GB641022A (en) 1946-10-25 1946-12-24 Improvements in or relating to anode packages for use in cathodic systems for protecting underground metallic structures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US705508A US2621154A (en) 1946-10-25 1946-10-25 Packaged electrodes for the cathodic protection of metallic underground structures

Publications (1)

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US2621154A true US2621154A (en) 1952-12-09

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Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2621154A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR957879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB641022A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1025026B (de) * 1954-09-03 1958-02-27 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Stromausbeute von Magnesium-Loesungselektroden
DE1118570B (de) * 1958-11-06 1961-11-30 Heinrich Stein Dr Ing Befestigung von Anschlussleitungsdraehten in Anoden fuer den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz
US4784823A (en) * 1981-02-03 1988-11-15 Nukem Gmbh Corrosion protection
US20190062927A1 (en) * 2017-08-25 2019-02-28 David William Whitmore Manufacture of Sacrificial Anodes
US20190093237A1 (en) * 2017-08-25 2019-03-28 David William Whitmore Manufacture of Sacrificial Anodes

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE962032C (de) * 1950-08-10 1957-04-18 Basf Ag Rostschutzverfahren
US3578982A (en) * 1968-07-30 1971-05-18 Rte Corp Corrosion protection for metal enclosures for electrical equipment

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US609745A (en) * 1898-08-23 William g
US1236693A (en) * 1915-10-25 1917-08-14 Nat Carbon Co Depolarizing agent.
US1433017A (en) * 1920-11-05 1922-10-24 Ralph H Mckee Electrode
US2495466A (en) * 1947-07-31 1950-01-24 Dow Chemical Co Packaged magnesium anode with cemented backfill

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US609745A (en) * 1898-08-23 William g
US1236693A (en) * 1915-10-25 1917-08-14 Nat Carbon Co Depolarizing agent.
US1433017A (en) * 1920-11-05 1922-10-24 Ralph H Mckee Electrode
US2495466A (en) * 1947-07-31 1950-01-24 Dow Chemical Co Packaged magnesium anode with cemented backfill

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1025026B (de) * 1954-09-03 1958-02-27 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Stromausbeute von Magnesium-Loesungselektroden
DE1118570B (de) * 1958-11-06 1961-11-30 Heinrich Stein Dr Ing Befestigung von Anschlussleitungsdraehten in Anoden fuer den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz
US4784823A (en) * 1981-02-03 1988-11-15 Nukem Gmbh Corrosion protection
US20190062927A1 (en) * 2017-08-25 2019-02-28 David William Whitmore Manufacture of Sacrificial Anodes
JP2019039066A (ja) * 2017-08-25 2019-03-14 ウィリアム ウィットモア—，デイビッド 犠牲陽極の製造
US20190093237A1 (en) * 2017-08-25 2019-03-28 David William Whitmore Manufacture of Sacrificial Anodes
US10570523B2 (en) * 2017-08-25 2020-02-25 David William Whitmore Manufacture of sacrificial anodes
AU2018208712B2 (en) * 2017-08-25 2020-08-27 David William Whitmore Manufacture of sacrificial anodes
US11346009B2 (en) * 2017-08-25 2022-05-31 David William Whitmore Manufacture of sacrificial anodes
JP7093966B2 (ja) 2017-08-25 2022-07-01 ウィリアム ウィットモア―，デイビッド 犠牲陽極の製造

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Publication number Publication date
FR957879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-02-28
GB641022A (en) 1950-08-02

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