US2617957A

US2617957A - Gaseous electric discharge device

Info

Publication number: US2617957A
Application number: US171339A
Authority: US
Inventors: William J Scott
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1949-07-22
Filing date: 1950-06-30
Publication date: 1952-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 1969-11-11

Description

Nov. 11, 1952 w. J. SCOTT GASEOUS ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed June so, 1950 Inventor-z Williafn J. Scott,

"Fig.2.

His Attorney.

Patented Nov. 11, 1952 GASEOUS ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE William J. Scott, Rugby, England, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application June 30, 1950, Serial No. 171,339 In Great Britain July 22, 1949 6 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements gaseous electric discharge devices and more particularly to prolonging the useful life and preserving the de-ionization characteristics of discharge devices having a gaseous filling including water vapor for decreasing the time required for de-ionization.

In certain uses of gaseous discharge devices, it is important that at the cessation of a discharge the discharge path should be de-ionized as rapidly as possible, and it is well known in the art that the introduction of water-vapor into a device causes the de-ionization time to be reduced.

It has been found, however, that the life of such gaseous discharge devices is limited by dissociation of the water-vapor in the electric discharge, hydrogen and oxygen being formed and the water-vapor density decreasing. The oxygen may oxidize the material of the container and so be cleaned up leaving the hydrogen as a gas.

The decrease in water-vapor density causes an increase in the de-ionization time and the increasing surplus of hydrogen increases the power loss so much that ultimately the device is rendered useless.

It has previously been proposed to maintain the necessary Water-vapor density by plating the inside of the device with gold, which does not readily react with oxygen. It was hoped that the dissociated oxygen would not be cleaned up and would recombine with the hydrogen to form water-vapor to replace that which was dissociated but devices so treated have also had unduly limited lives.

Water-vapor reservoirs have been used with partial success, but the devices fail ultimately because of the accumulation of hydrogen in the device as the water is dissociated.

According to the present invention a gaseous discharge device containing water-vapor includes a catalyst, from the group comprising iridium, osmium, palladium and platinum, which is active in the presence of the water-vapor to catalyze hydrogen and oxygen into water.

The inclusion of the catalyst maintains the required water-vapor density to promote rapid deionization and uses up the surplus hydrogen in so doing.

One example of a use for such a device is in a system for transmitting high frequency signals' and receiving echoes of them through a single antenna. A system anddevices of this type are described and claimed in Fiske Patent 2,422,190, dated June 17, 1947 and assigned to the assignee of this application.

The receiver, being designed for low intensity reflections. would be damaged by high intensity signals, and hence must be disconnected from the system during transmission periods. On the other hand, the reflected signals may be so weak that any avoidable loss in the transmitter equipment might render them too weak for reception. The transmitter must therefore be disconnected during reception periods. A gaseous discharge device may be used and be adapted to break down in the presence of the transmitted signals to effectively short out the receiver. The reflected signals are, however, insufiicient to break down the device and the receiver is therefore effectively coupled to the antenna for the received signals provided the device is sufficiently de-ionized. It is desirable that when once a transmitted signal has passed to the antenna, that the discharge should cease and the path be de-ionized rapidly to prepare for the reception of the echo. A suitable filling for a device of this type may include a rare gas such as argon at a pressure of 8 to 12 millimeters of mercury at room temperature, together with water-vapor at pres sure up to 4 /2 millimeters of mercury. As the water-vapor pressure is increased, the de-ionization time decreases, but the losses in the device increase with increases in water-vapor pressure so that the water-vapor pressure to be used involves a balance between these two factors.

The life of devices of the above type is limited by the dissociation of the water vapor and the accumulation of hydrogen and in accordance with the present invention an appreciable increase in this life is achieved by including a catalyst in the device which will effect the recombination of the hydrogen and oxygen to replenish the supply of water-vapor.

My invention will be better understood from a detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof illustrated in the drawing in which Fig. 1 is an elevational View in section of a discharge device suitable for disconnecting the receiver from a high frequency system in which a single antenna is employed for both transmission and reception of the high frequency waves; Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the line 22 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is an elevational View in section of a starting electrode for the device of Fig. 1 in accordance with a modification of my invention.

Referring now to the drawing, I have shown my invention embodied in a discharge device including a short section of rectangular wave guide defined by a metallic wall I having at each end thereof coupling flanges 2 and 3 for coupling at one end with a wave guide extending between the transmitter and the antenna and at the other end with a receiver. The wave guide section is closed at the ends by window assemblies including a metal frame 4 and a dielectric window 5. The windows may to advantage be formed of glass and are suitably dimensioned with respect to the frequency of operation of the system in which the device is to be used.

Extending across the wave guide section I intermediate the ends thereof are transverse metal partitions: 1 and 8 which are spacedapart and from theends of the, device inthe. direction of' guide in line with the partition 8. These coni-- cal members provide a narrow gap [2" at the plane of the partition. A similar conical member l3 extends upward from the lower wall of the. guide at-.the, planeof partition I and..a.cor-. responding.conicalltip, M'eXt'ends from-theupper. wall. Thistip forms. the lower part'oflan eyelet.

which supports in insulated" relation an lg.- nition electrode and lead-in conductor [6. conductor is supported in insulated relation with respectto thev eyelet M by means ofja glass beadJ-T sealed to the upper edge oftheeyelet The.

andjextending down to the. end ofthe ignition.-

electrode, but leaving, the end of the electrode exposedat H3.

The conical members It and l3are supported from the lower wall'by resilient disks i'9'soqthey may be adjusted'to control the gaps between the cooperating, conical members. The adjustment is accomplished by suitableadjusting screws'iil threaded into supporting blocks 21.

As mentioned earlier in the specification. the device may be filled' with a rare gas,gsuch as argon,"- and a water-vapor at a pressure up to 4 /2..,mil1imeters of mercury for the purpose of decreasing the die-ionisation time after the space. within the device has been ionized as a residt of a. high intensity wave beingirnpressed. on the window 5 of the flange 3. In order to prevent the cumulative dissociation of the water-vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, the latter of which.

tends to be. absorbed' by' the metal parts of'the' device, I provide a catalyst within the. device whichtends. to effect": the recombination of the hydrogen and oxygen to maintain: the. supply of water-vapor. Tothis end a substantial area of a catalyst'from the groupabove-mentioned, and preferably palladium, on. the interior. of thefinished device isprovided. lhe palladium may be applied in different ways and" in the modificationshowninFig. 1 asubstantial area of the metal partition members land 8- 011" the sides facing the windows 5 isprovided with-a palla-- dium coating 22 which may be the reduction, productofa. coating-.ot palladium chloride ap The palladium chloride maybe reduced by subjecting'the interiorof the plied to the surface.

device to a hydrogen atmosphere at an elevated temperature during manufacture of 'the device.

It ishighly desirable in connection with the present invention that the metal surfaces not coated with palladium be plated with a' noble metalof high conductivity such-asgold or silver, and particularly silver.

oxygen that results from dissociation of. the water vapor:

Instead of coating. the interior wallof. the

metal parts with palladium, the. end of the'ig nition electrode may be provided with. a. palladium:.tip.as. illustrated. at.23 in Fig;v 3. In the These materials not. only reduce. theiresistance losses within thedevice; but. also minimize: the clean up?" of the operation of the device, considerable sputtering of the electrode. materialtakes place sothat a substantial area of palladium; coating, around the electrode results. In this manner a substantial area of palladium is available for catalyzing the hydrogen and oxygen resulting from dissociationof the water vapor with a result that the water supply is replenished. As a result of my invention,the useful. life of devices of the above character hasbeen greatly increased.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of' the United States is:

1. Anelectric discharge device including a Vacuum-tight enclosure having a filling including a rare gas and water-vapor, means for maintaining the. water-vapor. pressure. during... operation of" the deviceincluding a surface of.'palla.- di'um exposed tothe interior ofjthedevice.

2. A high. frequencyjelectric dischargedvice,

including a. vacuum-tight enclosure having a filling, including; a. rare gas andwater-vapor for increasing the rate of deionizat'ionofthe. gas and means for maintaining, the water-vapor pressure during operation of the device including a surface of'palladium exposed. to the. interior of the device, the remainder of'the'metall surfaces. of the interior having, a. silver coating.

3. An electric discharge device including a vacuuui-tightienclosure having a fillingincluding a rare gas and. water.-vapor,, means within the device 101" maintaining the water-Vapor pressure including a". palladium surface and a. surface which does: not readilyebsorb oxygen.

t. An electric discharge. device including. a

vacuum-tight enclosure having a filling offa rare.

gas and water-vapor and .means for minimizing the reduction of. waterevapor pressure during, operation of the device includinga surface of palladium formed; by reducingv palladium chloride on an interior surface of'the device.

5. An electric discharge device including a vacuum-tight enclosure and an ignition initiating electrodeextending into the envelope, said envelope having'a fillingof' a rare .gasand watervapor and means. for. minimizing the reduction.

of waterevaporpressure'.duringgoperation of the device including a; bodyj'of' palladium forming, a part: of said. ignition initiating electrode:

6. An electric discharge device including; a.

vacuum tight enclosure having a filling ofrare gas and water-vapor, andmeans'for minimizing the reduction of; water=vapor pressure. duringv operation of the'device' including;- a; surface con-.

sisting of a metal of; thegroup consisting of iridium; osmium, pail'adiumtand platinum ex? posed to the interior'of the device.

WILLIAM; J SCOTT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references'are of recordinthe file of this-patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date- 1,720,172- Dessauer- July 'g'; 1929 2,438,873 McCarthy Mar; 30, 1948- 2,526,038 Nelson Oct; 1'7, 1950' OTHER.- REFERENCES Comprehensive Treatise on. Inorganic: & Theoretical. Chemistry, by Mellor,.publ. 1936, Vol.15, pg. 626;-.