US2617891A - Recording and reproducing of sound - Google Patents

Recording and reproducing of sound Download PDF

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Publication number
US2617891A
US2617891A US37356A US3735648A US2617891A US 2617891 A US2617891 A US 2617891A US 37356 A US37356 A US 37356A US 3735648 A US3735648 A US 3735648A US 2617891 A US2617891 A US 2617891A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sound
strip
light
recording
slit
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US37356A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karolus August
Hamburger Erna
Henry Andre
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Paillard SA
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Paillard SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/02—Analogue recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/06—Angle-modulation recording or reproducing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/002—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier
    • G11B7/003—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier with webs, filaments or wires, e.g. belts, spooled tapes or films of quasi-infinite extent
    • G11B7/0031—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier with webs, filaments or wires, e.g. belts, spooled tapes or films of quasi-infinite extent using a rotating head, e.g. helicoidal recording

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sound records and improved apparatusand processes for the recording and reproducing of sound. 5
  • the sound phenomena are recorded as 'phonograms on a carrier strip which unreels at a constant rateior speed.
  • sounds or sound henomena are generally recorded upon the strip in the form of slit images which. follow one another in the direction of motion of 'the strip.
  • variable area or fixed density proc- 'ess
  • t The variable density process
  • the process hereinafter described represents a considerable improvement in the recording of :sound on strips used either for direct reproduction, or for printing on fi1m, or for reproduction on paper.
  • the instantaneous value of the amplitude of the sound-wave is represented by the respective position of the images of a slit which follow one another at intervals of time shorter than the duration of half a cycle of the highest sound to be recorded and not, as heretofore, by their length or transparency.
  • the impulses representing the sound wave to be reproduced are identified solely by their respective positions, so that neither their degree of opacity nor the non-linearity of the characteristic of photographic reproduction plays any part in the process. 1
  • any variation inthe opacity of the slit images has ,no' bearing on the reproduced sound phenomenon.
  • Amplitude, limitation renders the process absolutely independent of fortuitous variations in the opacity of. the images that may occur during rec'ordingor printing, and of variations in the intensity of tlie light that may occur during reproduction.
  • the present invention ha s forone' of its objects the provision ofdevices for recordin and reproducing sou nd phenornena, in which; arectilinearly and uniformly moying carrier strip receives an image, and is scarined,,resrectively, by means of .a beam of light passing t roughma slit. These deyices differ from the knownron'es in that the light beam is.
  • the instantaneous frequency of thecarrier wave being characterized by the instantaneous value of the sound wave
  • thebear'ri thnsuinorlu device for the optical modulation of a light beamby this frequency-modulated Wave.
  • Still another device is provided for photographically recording upon the strip, this being achieved by optical deviation of the light beam, preferably perpendicularly relative to the direction of motion of the strip.
  • the carrier strip for recording sound phenomena obtained in accordance with the aforementioned device is characterized by the fact that the strip carries a succession of slit images of the same dimensions and the same opacity and which, in the non-modulated state, follow one another at equal distances corresponding to the mean frequency of the carrier wave and which are influenced by the sound phenomena in such a way that their instantaneous frequency corresponds to the instantaneous value of the sound wave, and by the fact that the rows of successive slit images form an angle, in other words, are arranged preferably transversely relative to the direction of motion of the strip.
  • Figure 2 is a plan of reproducing apparatus for reproducing sounds from the records produced with the apparatus of Figure 1,
  • Figure 3 is a plan of scanning apparatus
  • Figure 4 is a section on the line IVIV of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a portion of another form of reproducing apparatus.
  • the recording apparatus here illustrated comprises an electrical audiofrequency generator S such as a microphone for example, feeding a low frequency amplifier ABF controlling a frequency modulator M, a light modulator ML controlled by the frequency-modulated tension issuing from a power amplifier AP, an optical system 0 and a scanning device B serving to record upon a film F a series of images of a slit which succeed one another in rhythm with the frequency-modulated tension.
  • an electrical audiofrequency generator S such as a microphone for example, feeding a low frequency amplifier ABF controlling a frequency modulator M, a light modulator ML controlled by the frequency-modulated tension issuing from a power amplifier AP, an optical system 0 and a scanning device B serving to record upon a film F a series of images of a slit which succeed one another in rhythm with the frequency-modulated tension.
  • the modulation of the light may be achieved with the aid of either gas discharge lamp, such as, a high pressure mercury lamp or Kerr cell or a supersonic valve functioning on the Debye- Sears effect. See U. S. Patent No. 2,084,201. These devices permit strong light intensities to be modulated with good output up to 100 kcs.
  • the signals may be transformed, with the aid of any known or suitable device, into signals of rectangular wave-form.
  • the reproducing apparatus illustrated in Figure 2 comprises a source of light 0' of constant intensity, a scanning device B with which a beam of light from the source 0' is swept periodically and transversely across the film record F and a photo-electric cell I3 which collects light passing through the record.
  • the alternative form of sound head illustrated in Figure 5 comprises a combined photo-electrio cell and electron multiplier 13, with the aid.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate scanning apparatus with which the film can be scanned transversely, that is to say, substantially perpendicularly to its direction of motion.
  • This scanning device comprises a platform 9 rotatably mounted on an axis 2
  • the plane of rotation of the platform 9 is parallel to the plane of the film F which runs between two sprockets [2 having teeth l9 engaging perforations 29 in the film to draw it along at constant speed.
  • the platform 9 carries a plurality of equiangularly spaced lenses [0 the optic axes of which are all parallel to the axes of rotation 2 l.
  • each mirror is inclined at 45 to the plane of the platform and the normal to the centre of each mirror intersects the axis 2
  • the several mirrors ll thus substantially envelop the surface of a frustum of a cone and within this frustum is located, separate from the platform 9, a fixed source of light 1 within a housing 22 formed with an aperture 23 opposite which is located a condenser lens 8 concentrating the light issuing from the source 1 through the aperture 23, upon a slit 6 located precisely on the axis 2
  • This scanning device functions in the following way:
  • the beam of rays passing through the slit 6 falls in turn upon each of the mirrors ll, each of which reflects the beam along the optic axis of lens is cooperating with it.
  • This lens Iii concentrates the light as a beam 3 onto the film F. Since the optical element constituted by a mirror H and a lens It is moving at a constant speed, and the mirror H intercepts only that part of the beam. which traverses the slit 6, it will be appreciated that the beam of rays 3 issuing from the lens l0,
  • the beam of light 3 describes an arc of a circle the angular length of which corresponds approxsmel l'matelyw t the angles of the beam of ra s em" ins :mmtne slit ia d hus an he ,film erpe u rl to it d rection o it menhi whilst the opt caldemen ie the mirr r 3H and lens 1.0, p o ect 1 1101 the fi m F a s anning spot which is" an image of the ,slit 6.
  • a .a esult .Of he un f rm r c il n ar movement Of the film and th tran verse s a nin of th beam th ima s uc don th fi m mo ver it alon "an arc t e cho d o which i Pbli uely c i ed wit res t to t ,lcnsilt d e mlzaxis "o the filmsuallv he hord y co nc de wi h t ra e d rect on- A lth p atiqlm 9 e a e y cn' ant s e d.
  • images may also vary in size, the images remote from one another being larger than neighbouring ones. This is the case, for example, when frequency modulation is employed, but is only a secondary effect which does not occur when, for example, modulation by impulse is employed,
  • cathode ray tube Such a device provides a very simple way of scanning the film transversely; for the ray may be deflected linearly at the desired rate and may be simultaneously electrically modulated.
  • shrinkage may be compensated for by slightly altering'the distance sepgrating t e d um ro h fi m- "We shim: M
  • a device as definedjby' claim 1 in which the lenses'ai e so spaced relative to the lightpassing through the slit that when the axis of the light beam bisects the central angle 'of a pair of con- 7 secutive lenses, some of the light therefrom will pass through both of the lenses to form isochronal images of the slit on either side of the strip.
  • a device as defined by claim 1 having means for radially adjusting the position of lenses on the rotatable member.
  • a device for reproducing sound from a strip containing sound data comprising a rotatable member having a plurality of circumferentially spaced lenses, a stationary diaphragm aligned with the axis of rotation of said member, said diaphragm having an aperture therethrough, a stationary light source on one side of said diaphragm, means for directing light passing through said aperture successively through said lenses as said rotatablemember rotates, means for supporting and moving said strip radially relative to said rotatable member to receive light passing through said lenses, photoelectric means for receiving light from said strip and means for converting electrical impulses generated in said photoelectric cell into sound.
  • a device as defined by claim 4 in which the photoelectric cell is of the type which emits electrons and in which the emitted electrons are multiplied by secondary emission.
  • a device for recording sound phenomena the combination of means for moving rectilinearly and uniformly a photosensitive carrier strip, means for scanning said strip substantially transversely of its direction of motion with a beam of light, a light modulating device, means for controlling said beam by said modulating device, means for producing an electrical carrier wave to excite said modulating device, means sensitive to the sound phenomena to be recorded for modulating the frequency of said carrier wave, whereby the photosensitive strip will record lines containing each a multipilicity of rectilinear slit images of substantially uniform height and opacity and the distance between two successive slit images in a line on the strip in the direction of scanning will be a function of the instantaneous intensity of the sound phenomena.
  • the axis of th scanning means being perpendicular to the plane of the photosensitive carrier strip.
  • the axis of the scanning means being parallel to the plane of the photosensitive carrier strip.
  • a device for recording sound phenomena the combination of means for moving rectilinearly and uniformly a photosensitive carrier strip, means for scanning said strip substantially transversely of its direction of motion with a beam of light, a light modulating device, means for controlling said beam by said modulating device, means for producing an electrical carrier wave to excite said modulating device, means sensitive to the sound phenomena to be recorded for pulse modulating said carrier wave, whereby the photosensitive strip will record lines containing each a multiplicity of rectilinear slit images of substantially uniform height and opacity and the distance between two successive slit images on the line in the strip in the direction of scanning will be a function of the instantaneous itensity of the sound phenomena.
  • a rotatable member having a plurality of circumferentially spaced lenses
  • a stationary diaphragm having a slit aperture therethrough
  • a stationary light source on one side of said slit
  • means for supporting and rectilinearly moving a photosensitive carrier strip radial to said rotatable member in the path of light passing through said lenses a light modulating device, means for controlling said beam by said modulating device, means for generating an electrical carrier wave to excite said modulating device, and means sensitive to the sound phenomena to be recorded for modulating the frequency of said carrier wave, whereby the photosensitive strip will record lines containing each a multiplicity of slit images of substantially uniform height and opacity and the distance between two images in a line on the strip in the direction transverse of the strip will be a function of the instantaneous intensity of the sound phenomena.
  • a device for reproducing sound phenomena from a transparent strip containing sound data in the form of transverse lines of substantially parallel and rectangular opaque bars spaced from each other, said bars being of substantially uniform height and opacity and their spacing being a function of the instantaneous frequency of the sound to be reproduced comprising a rotatable member having a plurality of circumferentially spaced lenses, a stationary diaphragm aligned with the axis of rotation of said member, said diaphragm having an aperture therethrough, a stationary light source on one side of said diaphragm, means for directing light passing through said aperture successively through said lenses as said rotatable member rotates, means for supporting and moving said strip radially relative to said rotatable member to receive light passing through said lenses, photoelectric means for receiving light passing through said transparent strip, means for amplifying amplitudelimiting, discriminating and detecting electrical impulses generated in said photoelectric means into an audio frequency signal, and means for transforming said audio frequency signal into sound.
  • a device for reproducing sound phenomena from a light reflecting strip containing sound data in the form of transverse lines of substantially parallel and rectangular bars spaced from each other, said bars being of substantially uniform height and their spacing being a function of the instantaneous frequency of the sound to be reproduced comprising a rotatable member having a plurality of circumferentially spaced lenses, a stationary diaphragm aligned with the axis of rotation of said member, said diaphragm having an aperture therethrough, a stationary light source on one side of said diaphragm, means for directing light passing through said aperture successively through said lenses as said rotatable member rotates, means for supporting and moving the said strip radially relative to said rotatable member to receive light passing through said lenses, photoelectric means for receiving light reflected from said strip, means for amplifying, amplitude-limiting, discriminating and detecting impulses generated in said photoelectric means into an audio frequency signal, and means for. transforming said audio frequency signal into sound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
US37356A 1949-07-10 1948-07-07 Recording and reproducing of sound Expired - Lifetime US2617891A (en)

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DE (1) DE864924C (xx)
FR (1) FR963483A (xx)
NL (1) NL70164C (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3151215A (en) * 1961-02-28 1964-09-29 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Apparatus for recording a modulated carrier upon film
DE1238504B (de) * 1960-07-07 1967-04-13 Fernseh Gmbh Verfahren zur Speicherung von Fernsehsignalen, bei dem ein bandfoermiger Speicher durch einen aus einem Strom elektrisch geladener Teilchen bestehenden Schreibstrahl beschriftet wird
US3444386A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-05-13 Singer Inc H R B Rotary scanner imaging device with mirrors mounted therein for reflecting radiation energy to photodetector means
US3790755A (en) * 1961-12-08 1974-02-05 D Silverman High density information system using multiple strips
US3939302A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-02-17 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for recording and/or reproducing a video signal on a photographic record disc
US4893297A (en) * 1968-06-06 1990-01-09 Discovision Associates Disc-shaped member

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2602364A1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-05 Michel Maksymowicz Procede d'enregistrement et de lecture d'informations sur un support, et support d'informations pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
CA2134325C (en) * 1992-05-01 2000-01-25 John D. Boardman High data rate optical tape recorder

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1640557A (en) * 1923-02-01 1927-08-30 Tykocinski-Tykociner Joseph Method of and means for transmitting, recording, and reproducing sound
US1848839A (en) * 1932-03-08 Method and means fob bepbodttcing and tbansmitting pictttbes
US1862327A (en) * 1930-01-18 1932-06-07 Rca Corp Sound recording
DE552612C (de) * 1924-08-23 1932-06-15 Berthold Freund Anordnung zur photoelektrischen UEbertragung von Morse- oder anderen Telegraphierzeichen
US2060778A (en) * 1935-11-11 1936-11-10 William G H Finch Facsimile system
US2075071A (en) * 1932-07-23 1937-03-30 Rca Corp Modulation
US2112010A (en) * 1929-10-28 1938-03-22 Brimberg Isaac Apparatus for producing printing plates
US2118115A (en) * 1933-10-12 1938-05-24 Telefunken Gmbh Television apparatus
US2195701A (en) * 1936-07-24 1940-04-02 Kent Charles Alfred Sound film system
US2263981A (en) * 1940-11-25 1941-11-25 Gen Motors Corp Safety guard for industrial trucks
US2273863A (en) * 1937-04-24 1942-02-24 Lon Ga Tone Inc Sound record
US2333969A (en) * 1941-05-27 1943-11-09 Gen Electric Television system and method of operation

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1848839A (en) * 1932-03-08 Method and means fob bepbodttcing and tbansmitting pictttbes
US1640557A (en) * 1923-02-01 1927-08-30 Tykocinski-Tykociner Joseph Method of and means for transmitting, recording, and reproducing sound
DE552612C (de) * 1924-08-23 1932-06-15 Berthold Freund Anordnung zur photoelektrischen UEbertragung von Morse- oder anderen Telegraphierzeichen
US2112010A (en) * 1929-10-28 1938-03-22 Brimberg Isaac Apparatus for producing printing plates
US1862327A (en) * 1930-01-18 1932-06-07 Rca Corp Sound recording
US2075071A (en) * 1932-07-23 1937-03-30 Rca Corp Modulation
US2118115A (en) * 1933-10-12 1938-05-24 Telefunken Gmbh Television apparatus
US2060778A (en) * 1935-11-11 1936-11-10 William G H Finch Facsimile system
US2195701A (en) * 1936-07-24 1940-04-02 Kent Charles Alfred Sound film system
US2273863A (en) * 1937-04-24 1942-02-24 Lon Ga Tone Inc Sound record
US2263981A (en) * 1940-11-25 1941-11-25 Gen Motors Corp Safety guard for industrial trucks
US2333969A (en) * 1941-05-27 1943-11-09 Gen Electric Television system and method of operation

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1238504B (de) * 1960-07-07 1967-04-13 Fernseh Gmbh Verfahren zur Speicherung von Fernsehsignalen, bei dem ein bandfoermiger Speicher durch einen aus einem Strom elektrisch geladener Teilchen bestehenden Schreibstrahl beschriftet wird
US3151215A (en) * 1961-02-28 1964-09-29 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Apparatus for recording a modulated carrier upon film
US3790755A (en) * 1961-12-08 1974-02-05 D Silverman High density information system using multiple strips
US3444386A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-05-13 Singer Inc H R B Rotary scanner imaging device with mirrors mounted therein for reflecting radiation energy to photodetector means
US4893297A (en) * 1968-06-06 1990-01-09 Discovision Associates Disc-shaped member
US3939302A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-02-17 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for recording and/or reproducing a video signal on a photographic record disc

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Publication number Publication date
DE864924C (de) 1953-01-29
NL70164C (xx)
FR963483A (xx) 1950-07-11

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