US2617411A

US2617411A - Resuscitator using separate air and oxygen sources

Info

Publication number: US2617411A
Application number: US264009A
Authority: US
Inventors: Seeler Henry
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1951-12-28
Filing date: 1951-12-28
Publication date: 1952-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 1969-11-11

Description

H. SEELER Nov. 11 11, 1952 RESUSCITATOR USING SEPARATE AIR AND OXYGEN SOURCES Filed Dec. 28, 1951 f J P N flu d Md 7 5 a 4 5 5 z a i 7 Z m1 0 w 3 3 2 V5 W/ Hl /i/l/Vlllv y i a? 7,. z; & w/lizgllfl I M a H W v V m B Patented Nov. 11, 1952 UNITED- STATES. PATENT OFFICE RESUSCITATOR USING SEPARATE AIR AND OXYGEN SOURCES Henry S eeler, Dayton, Ohio ApplicationDecernber 28, 19 1, Serial-No. 264,009

5 Claims. (01. 128-29) (Granted under the act of March 3-, 1883, as

"amended April 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the United States Government for governmental purposes without yme me o a roya i her Thepresent invention relates to a resuscitator using separate air and oxygen sources. and particularly relates to certain improvements over a resuscitator as disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 212,818 filed on February 26, 1951, now Reissue Patent No. 23,496.

The primary object of thep-resent invention is to provide a resuscitator of the kind which ineludes an aspirator into which flows air. under pressure suitable for use in resuscitating human patients and wherein a crank actuated butterfly valvewithin the aspirator is automatically moved from an open to a closed position and vice versa by the action of, a pressure responsive means coupled to an overcenter spring means associated with the crank actuated valve and wherein an oxygen supply tube extends into the resuscitator and includes a butterfly valve in the tube. coupled. to the crank operating means of the aspirator butterfly valve in such a manner that when the aspirator valve is open the oxygen valve is closed and vice versa, whereby the. aspirator valve when open allowsair to flow through the aspirator to produce a, suction effect in the resuscitator and when closed causes air to flow laterally from the aspirator into the resuscitator and whereby during the suction phases of the aspirator opera tion thepXyg'envalve is closed but during the time the aspire-tor is diverting air into. the resuscitator the oxygen valve is open to enrich the air reaching'the interior of the resuscitator bv way of the aspirator and thence flowing from the resuscitator to a human patient.

The above and'cthe'r objects of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description "in con unction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is cross sectional view of the resuscitator taken on line of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.is a transverse cross sectional View taken through the'resuscitator'to show the arrangement of the air and oxygen feed tubes and the interconnected. control valves.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged. elevation view partly in cross section of a 'portion of the oxygen supply tube. within the resu'scitator, and is taken on line 33 of Fig. 4.

Fig. l is an enlarged elevation view of a portion of the oxygen su ply tube and is taken in "a direction at a right an le to that of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the aspirator. portion of the resuscitator.

The present application is a continuation-inpart of my copending. application Serial No.

212,818, filed February 26, 1951 now Reissue Patent No. 23,496, and entitled Resuscitator.

Referring to the drawing and'particularly Figs. 1 and 2 thereof theresuscitator includes a main body or housing I of generally cylindrical shape and closed at one end by a screw threaded cap or cover plate 2 having srnall openings 3 therein;

An annular shoulder within the, body provides a seat for a circular insert 4 a circular diaphragm 5 and, a circular gasket 5 in series and these elements are. retained in position by the screw cap 2 The insert 4 includes a cylindrical extension l having its rim edge. seated in a shallow groove formed in the body I at I. The opposite housing wall and cap Wall areapertured centrally thereof to slidably supporta slidable valve actuating rod or stem 8 extending through the center of the diaphragm Sand rigidly fixed to a pair of diaphragmsupporting plates or disks 9.

Projecting from the outer sides of the end housing Wall. and the cap wall are tubular projections Ill and H having threaded outer surfaces to adjustably receive spring adjustment caps or knobs l2 and [3. The latter elements include pointer projection I 2' and I3 adapted to move over circular scales or indices to show therela-tive values of the spring forceon the opposite ends of the stem 8, The spring forces'against opposite ends of the stem determine the positive and negative pressures which are achieved during the inhalation and exhalation phases of the breathing cycle. Centrally of each of the knobs l2. and iii are tubular, portions serving as guides for hollow push buttons or abutment members [4 and I5. Flanges on the inner ends ofthe latter members serve asrneans to retain light compression springs l5, and Ii extending outwardly Within the knobs l2 and [3. The springs do not produce resistance to endwise movement of. the stem 8. until the ends of the, stem actually contact the end wall portions of the push buttons I 3 and i5, and by adustmen't of. the screw threaded knobs 2 and t3 the amount of lost rrotion between the stem 8 and push buttons Id and I5 can be readily adjusted. In th position of the stem 8 as shown. the compression springs are unstressed and the push buttons i i and, [5 are free to be pushed farther inwardly. Thus'the buttons l4 and I5 besides serving as abutment means for opposite ends o the stem '8 have another p111.- pose. In case of failure of the diaphragm stemactuating means or in case of sticking 'of the parts at some point, an attendant may place his thumb and middle finger on'the respective push buttons and thus'rnanually reciprocate the stem Q at a rate dictated by the normal average rate of respiration.

Extending across the housing I at one side of the central stem 8 is an aspirator I8 comprising an aspirator tube or jet pump tube I9 having a flanged end [9 in engagement with the jet nozzle 2D seated in a portion of the housing I. The other end of tube I9 seats on a short threaded tube 2I which threads into the housing I as shown to hold the tube I9 and nozzle in place securely. Held in the outer end of tube 2I by means of a snap ring is a fine screen 22 to prevent ingress of dirt or foreign objects. Air reaches the aspirator under pressure by way of a fitting 23 which encloses an adjustable flow control valve 24. The valve 24 is reciprocably mounted by provision of a cross-pin 25 riding in lengthwise slots 26 and the ends of the crosspin take into cam slots in a sleeve 21 rigidly connected to a surrounding sleeve 28 having a knurled outer surface to assist in adjusting the endwise setting of the flow control valve 24. The member 24 includes an axial air passage 29 extending laterally as at 30 to supply a minimum of air flow in case the valve itself should become clogged or due to some maladjustment should be closed off. The axial passage 29 extends down through a thin stem-like portion below the tapered valve seating portion of the member 24 and air flowing around or through this stem-like portion is free to produce an aspirating action at the lateral openings 3| in the tube I9 as long as the tube I9 is open. When the tube I9 is closed by action of the butterfly valve 32, the air flowing around or through the stem-like portion of valve member 24 will spill out of the openings 3I into the housing I for flow to the face mask by way of the t bular fitting 33. Conversely when the valve 32 is open, the air flow into the aspirator I8 will cause air and respiration products to be drawn from the housing I and be ejected to the outside by way of the tubes I 9 and 2I The butterfly valve 32 for controlling the action of the aspirator I8 is operated by means of a crank 34 attached rigidly to the valve and journaled in the walls of tube I 9. The offset end portion of crank 34 is attached to a short tension spring 35 having its opposite end attached to a flattened portion of the slidable stem 8. Thus it will be clear that the stem 8 is moved back and forth by pressure differentials acting on the diaphragm 5 and this periodic reciprocation of the stem acts through the coil spring 35 to shuttle the crank 34 back and forth between the two positions shown in Fig. 1.

The crank 34 also serves to operate a second b tterfly valve 36 in an oxygen supply tube 31 extending into the housing I from the outside for the nurpose of enriching the air flow to the face mask during inhalation phases of the breathing cycle. A small choke plug 38 in the tube 31 may be re laced when desired to provide a desired rate of oxygen fiow depending on the inlet pressure. The tube 31 is threaded into one wall of the housing I as at 39 in line with the outlet tube 33 leading to the face mask. In threading the tube into the housing wall, the tube may be inserted through fitting 33 and thus screw threaded into position as shown. Oxygen flowing down tube 31 when the valve 36 is open may flow directly into fitting 33 and thence to the face mask. The valve 35 is actuated through a shaft 40 (see Figs. 3 and 4) having a small block 4| clamped therearound. The shaft 40 is retained in place by a forked strip 42 which fits down around an annular groove in the shaft and the strip is secured in place on the ou side i the tube 31 by means of a screw 43. Fixed on the block 4| is a short spring arm 44 extending into rigid connection with a fork 45 which fits around the projecting end of crank 34. The arrangement (see Fig. 2) is such that the valve 38 is closed when the valve 32 is open and vice versa. The spring arm 44 permits of some maladjustment of the parts and also allows the crank to swing farther at both limits of movement than would be required to open and close the oxygen valve 36, thus preventing binding or sticking of the parts.

In my copending application as identified above oxygen is applied to the aspirator both for inducing suction and for feeding oxygen to the face mask. However, when oxygen under pressure is expended merely to produce suction, as during the exhalation phase of the breathing cycle, this will represent a loss of a costly commodity. This loss would be most serious where there was only a limited supply of bottled oxygen, as on aircraft. In any case ordinary compressed air can accomplish the aspirating action fully as well as oxygen gas. Thus, in the present improved resuscitator only compressed air is fed to the aspirator and acts in producing suction as well as supplying air to the face mask during the exhalation and inhalation phases respectively of the breathing cycle. However, during the inhalation phase the supplemental oxygen fed in by way of tube 3'! acts to enrich the air and improve the resuscitating action of the gases flowing to the face mask. As is customary in oxygen resuscitation, the oxygen supplied to the inlet tube 31 may have a small proportion of carbon dioxide mixed therewith. This has a stimulating effect on the nerve centers which govern natural breathing.

The mode of operation of the resuscitator is rather obvious, especially in view of the simplicity of the device. Starting with the parts in the position of Fig. 2, the air flowing into the fitting 23 passes freely down to the aspirator I8 and since the air valve 32 is open there will be a suction developed at the openings 3I. This suction will draw the products of respiration out of the patients lungs and simulate natural exhalation. As the lungs become emptied the pressure inside the housing I will be reduced below atmospheric and the atomsphere acting on the left side of the diaphragm 5 will gradually push the stem 8 to the right (Fig. 1). As the axis of coil spring 35 passes the axis of rotation of crank 34, the spring snaps the crank to the dotted line position of Fig. 1, thus closing air valve 32 and opening oxygen valve 36 at the same time. Now the inhalation phase of the breathing cycle starts, since the air is spilled laterally from the ports 3| and mixes with oxygen flowing to the lungs by way of tube 31 and fitting 33. As the lungs fill up with a fresh charge of air and oxygen the pressure in housing I will increase above atmospheric. This increased pressure acting on the right side of disphragm 5 pushes the stem 8 to the left and through spring 35 shuttles the valve operating crank 34 back to the original position. These back and forth movements of stem 8 are resisted by the compression spring I6 and I1 as soon as the opposite ends of the stem contact the domed outer ends of push buttons I4 and I5. Thus by careful adjustment of knobs I2 and I3 the values of the positive and negative pressures in the housing I immediately prior to reversal of the stem 8 may be determined very accurately. Also by adjustment of the flow regulating valve 24 the rate of air flow may be adjusted to determine the cycling rate of the resuscitator for a given patient. The larger the lung capacity, the greater the rate of flow which will be required to fill the lungs in a given time.

The embodiment of the invention herein shown and described is to be regarded as illustrative only and it is to be understood that the invention is susceptible of variations, modifications and changes within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A resuscitator comprising, a, housing defining a gas receiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providing a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, means providing a fitting on a, wall of said housing connecting with said chamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspirator extending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet and including spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gas receiving chamber, a movably mounted valve in said aspirator downstream from said ports, a valve operating means in said housing responsive to changes in pressure therein during inhalation and exhalation phases of the breath- 2. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defin- I ing a gas receiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providing a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, means providing a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with said chamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspirator extending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet and including spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gas receiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspirator downstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet into said housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means, and valve operating means in said housing responsive to changes in pressure therein during inhalation and exhalation phases of the breathing cycle to open the first valve and close the second valve and vice versa as the pressure in said chamber rises and falls.

3. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providing a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, means providing a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with said chamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspirator extending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet and including spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into \-c iii rises and falls, and two separate adjustable biasing means acting in opposition on said valve operating means to determine maximum and minimum pressures in said chamber during said inhalation and exhalation phases of the breathing cycle.

4. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providing a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere, means providing a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with said chamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspirator extending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet and including spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into said gas receiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspirator downstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet into said housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means, valve operating means in said housing having connections to said first movably mounted valve and to said second movably mounted valve and related thereto so as to close one valve upon opening the other valve and vice versa, a slidably mounted rod in said housing, means responsive to changes in pressure in said chamber for moving said rod in opposite directions as the pressure in said chamber rises and falls, and resilient means connected between said valve operating means and said rod to actuate first valve from closed to open position and vice versa and to actuate said second valve from open to closed position and vice versa as said rod is moved in opposite directions by the action of rising and falling pressure in said chamber.

5. A resuscitator comprising, a housing defining a gas receiving chamber, means providing an air inlet into said housing, means providing a gas outlet from said housing into the ambient atmosphere. means providing a fitting on a wall of said housing connecting with said chamber and adapted for connection with a face mask, an aspirator extending across said housing from said air inlet to said gas outlet and including spill ports opening laterally from the aspirator into gas receiving chamber, a first movably mounted valve in said aspirator downstream from said ports, tubular means providing an oxygen inlet into said housing, a second movably mounted valve in said tubular means, valve operating means in said housing havin connections to said first movably mounted valve and to said second movably mounted valve and related thereto so as to close one valve upon opening the other valve and vice versa, a slidably mounted rod in said housing, means responsive to changes in pressure in said chamber for moving said rod in opposite directions as the pressure in said chamber rises and falls, resilient means connected between said valve operating means and said rod to. actuate said first valve from closed to open position and vice versa and to actuate said second valve from open to closed position and vice versa as said rod is moved in opposite directions by the action of rising and falling pressure in said chamber, and separate adjustable rod biasing means at opposite ends of said rod for biasing said rod in opposite directions.

HENRY SEELER.

No references cited.