US2617072A - Device for switching contact circuits for signaling purposes - Google Patents

Device for switching contact circuits for signaling purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2617072A
US2617072A US225443A US22544351A US2617072A US 2617072 A US2617072 A US 2617072A US 225443 A US225443 A US 225443A US 22544351 A US22544351 A US 22544351A US 2617072 A US2617072 A US 2617072A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
voltage
grid
auxiliary cathode
potential
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Expired - Lifetime
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US225443A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zeger Van Gelder
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/02—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
    • H01J31/04—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with only one or two output electrodes with only two electrically independant groups or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/04—Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
    • H04J3/045—Distributors with CRT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/52—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements
    • H04Q3/525—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements using tubes in the switching stages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices of the kind comprising a tube suitable for efiecting electronic switching, said tube being adapted to perform the function of a plurality of relays.
  • Figs. 1 and in. show characteristic currentvoltage curves of tube electrodes having suitable secondary emission characteristics
  • Fig. 2 shows a device with reference to which the idea of the invention will be explained
  • Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows the equivalent diagram of this device.
  • the uninterrupted curve shows the current of a secondary emitting auxiliary cathode HK if the collector electrode for the secondary electrons is kept at 200 volts.
  • the dashed curve shows this current if the collector electrode is kept at 250 volts.
  • the auxiliary cathode is connected over a resistance R to a source of 70 volts (point P) the potential difference over the resistance is indicated by the full line B.
  • the Voltage S corresponding with the intersection of line B and the uninterrupted curve, is the voltage to which the auxiliary cathode rises if connected over resistance R to the source of 70 volts.
  • the collecting electrode 4 (Fig. 2), which has the form of a grid, can however also exhibit secondary emission and thus acts to some extent as an auxiliary cathode relative to electrode 5.
  • the current of electrode 4 is indicated in Fig. 1a.
  • this electrode is not especially prepared to have a high secondary emission, it only produces a volta e U (about 100 v.) if connected over resistance R to a source of '70 volts. The significance of this will be explained hereinafter.
  • an electron beam was directed on at least one electrode having a secondary emission factor 6 1, said element co-operating with one or more further electrodes.
  • the contact established between these electrodes by the electron ray made possible transmission'of alternating current signals.
  • the resistance ultimately drops below'a permissible minimum value so that the tube becomes operative in the range 0Q of the current-voltage characteristic curve line R1 shown in Fig. 1, sothatl the signals to be transmitted are strongly. attenuated or distorted.
  • This disadvanta e could be obviated by introducing grid control as is shown in Fig. 2, thus causing operation as follows.
  • the electron beam in from the electron gun I may be directed by means of deflection plates 2 and 6 on a system A1 or B1, in thisca'se on system A1.
  • a plurality of secondary electrons exceeding the plurality of primary electrons and having a low velocity, are set free from an auxiliary'cathode 3, which is connected through a resistor R to a comparatively low voltage of, 'for example, .70 v. It is therefore necessary to provide a weak positive field before this auxiliary cathode in order to draw away the secondary electrons. Because of this flow of secondary electrons, the auxiliary cathode potential increases, 1. e.
  • the electrode 4 Since the electrode 4 is formed in the shape of a grid, the current flowing to this electrode will be very small, so that the auxilary cathode of the preceding tube is practically not loaded. Consequently, the resistance line R (Fig. 1 will ow on a sli h t r when a bsequ system is connected after this tube.
  • the auxiliary cathode potential follows the voltage of the grid i (Fig. 2), so that alternating voltages and pulses supplied to the electrode 4 are transmitted to the auxiliary cathode 3 and from there, for example, to the corresponding grid-shaped electrode of the system A: of the next following tube.
  • Alternating voltages supplied to the grid 4 can be transmitted in this manner through a definite series of contacts. If the beam Ill is directed on the system B1, signals from 8 can be transmitted. via 1 to a subsequent tube.
  • the collecting-electrodes 5 and 9 have applied to'them a fixed positive voltage of, for example 200 v., whereas the deflection plate 2 can be held at a fixed voltage of 130 v.
  • the switching operation by means of beam displacements is performed by voltage variations at 6 of, for example, from 70 to 200 v.
  • an auxiliary cathode 3 may, as an alternative, be directly supplied to the deflection late 6 of a further tube, so that upon closing a contact A of a definite series of contacts, contact A2 or B2 of another series can be closed or interrupted.
  • a tube replaces a relay having a change-over contact and, in addition two make and break relays, as shown in Fig. 3, or a relay having a make and break contact, as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the grids 4 and 8 which are also struck by the beam, will also have secondary emission, so that with respect to the collecting electrodes 5 and 9, they exhibit the same property as the auxiliary cathodes 3 and I with respect to the grids 4 and 8. Since the primary beam current at the grids is low relative to the beam current to the auxiliary cathodes 3 and I, the secondary emission current of these grids will not be sufficient to materially raise the potential of these grids, but the addition of these voltage-increases in a long series of contacts may nevertheless lead to excessive divergencies. Thus, the grids 4 and 8 will each increase in potential, for example, to a point U, indicated in Fig. 1a.
  • the electrodes interact upon each other, particularly if the beam moves from the system A1 to B1 when the grid 8 has a high potential and the grid 4 a low potential and, furthermore, when two pairs of systems which are both controlled by one beam are superposed.
  • the said disadvantages may be obviated by using a device comprising an electron tube accorde ing to the invention the tube providing, moreover, definite advantages.
  • this tube comprises at least one electron gun and at least one pair of deflection plates, which are capable of directing an electron beam to different electrode systems.
  • These systems are housed pairwise in the tube and each comprises at least one auxiliary cathode, the surface of which is satisfactorily secondary emissive, and at least one grid, and a collecting electrode for the secondary electrons, which is a screen plate connected to a fixed high positive voltage and provided between the systems of each pair, this plate constituting the common collecting electrode for these two systems.
  • Such a device is shown in A and c mprises a tube having one pair of systems.
  • the pairs may be arranged pairwise over one another on either side of the primary cathode, the electrons being concentrated in two ribbon-shaped beams, each at the level of two superposed systems.
  • the cathode is of normal size and the tube itself has no abnormal dimensions.
  • the beam emanating from the electron gun II is directed by the deflection plates I2 and I9 to the systems A or B.
  • Each system has again one auxiliary cathode I 3 and 20, a grid I4 and 2 I, arranged before the auxiliary cathode and a first control electrodes I5 and 22.
  • This electrode is capable of directing the beam to the associated auxiliary cathode or to the common collecting plate I'I, when the beam is directed by the defiection plates I2 and I9 to the system A or B.
  • the collecting plate I! is directly connected to a screen-grid I8.
  • the screen grid serves to make the strong positive field near the edge I'Ia of the collecting plate more uniform. This positive field is produced in that the electrodes I2 and IS, IS and 23, I5 and 22, which are near this edge, may have a low potential.
  • the screen grid I8 prevents this positive field from deflecting the beam to the collecting plate, when the beam moves from the system A to the system B. Provision is further made of second control electrodes I6 and 23, which are held at low potential and the operation of which. will be set out more fully hereinafter.
  • the beam is directed to the system A or B.
  • the deflection plate I2 has a fixed potential of, for example, v. If the potential of plate I9 is made lower than that of plate I2 by applying a voltage from +50 v. to +70 v. to plate I9, the beam moves to the system A; if the potential of plate I9 is raised from to 200 v., the beam moves to the system B. Therefore, the plate I9 determines the choice of the contacts A or B.
  • the beam is at the system A, and that the first control electrode I5 has the same potential as the auxiliary cathode I3, i. e. about 70 v., or a lower potential.
  • the beam is then deflected towards the collecting plate IT as indicated by the full line in system A and does not impinge on the auxiliary cathode I3.
  • the voltage at I5 is not critical but can differ to some extent without influencing the working of the tube. If this voltage is somewhat raised, the beam travels along the dashed line; if the potential on I5 is somewhat lowered, the beam will travel along the dash and dot line.
  • the beam will switch over from electrode I! to the auxiliary cathode, as indicated for system B (full line)
  • the voltage at plate 22 can be somewhat lower or higher than 200 volts, in which case the beam will travel along the dashed or the dash and dot line, respectively.
  • the potential of this cathode ad justs itself to approximately the same value as that of the grid I4 or 2
  • the electrodes I5 and I3 constitute the contact of the relay.
  • the auxiliary cathode I3 may thus have two defined volt ages i. e. '70 v. or the v ,ltage. of the grid electrode M, which is connected. to the fixed battery voltage of 200 v. Consequently, this circuit. can only be used for the transmission of pulses.
  • An alternating voltage across the first control electrode 15 or 2-2 is transmitted to the auxiliary cathode l3 or 20, respectively, as a step voltage.
  • the leading and trailing edges of the step voltage may be made very steep by providing the auxiliary cathodes with slanting edges 24 and 25, so that the end of the beam, upon leaving or striking the auxiliary cathode, experiences an additional deflection owing to these edges, so that the beam takes up here an unstable position and a response characteristic curve is obtained.
  • the second control electrodes l6 and 23 have the effect that, if the beam were excessively de flected by the deflection plates I2 and I9 and if it tended to go off the outer side of the auxiliary cathode, the beam is bent, since it then brushes past the electrodes I6 and 23, which are held at a low potential (+or relative to the cathode, preferably at zero potential.
  • the course of the beam is, in this case, as indicated in the systems A and B for an open and a closed contact, respectively.
  • the broken lines indicate the course at a slightly stronger deflection, the dot and dash line at such a strong deflection of the beam that the deflection plates are strongly operative.
  • a tube as shown in Fig. 4 replaces a combination of five relays, of which one relay has one change-over contact (deflection plates [2 and I9) and four unipolar make and break relays, as shown in Fig. 5, if the grids l4 and 2
  • the function of a make-and break relay may be added to the combination. It is obvious that for each pair of systems, which is, moreover, housed in the tube and is struck by the same beam, a combinationpf four additional relays may be replaced.
  • a preferred construction is obtained, when on either side of the cathode in the tube are each time arranged two pairs of systems, the cathode supplying two ribbonshaped beams.
  • Such a tube occupies materially less space than a corresponding number of relays.
  • the advantage of the construction according to the invention relative to other constructions, as shown in Fig. 2, is that the first control electrodes I5 and 22 are not located in the course of the beam and hence do not conduct current and, consequently, do not cause a voltage variation or loading of the electrodes of preceding tubes connected to them.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 4 has proved to be very useful for signalling purposes in telephone exchanges; since many contacts can be connected in series without, causing a harmful voltage drop, since the voltage of each auxiliary cathode I3, 20. adjusts itself, irrespective of the preceding; control voltages, to the fixed voltage of the grids [4V and 2
  • the use. of equal voltages for auxiliary cathodes and first control electrodes has the advantage that these parts can be directly interconnected, while moreover, there is no need of using energy-absorbing potentiometers.
  • Electronic switching apparatus formed by a plurality of switching elements, each element being constituted by a cathode ray device comprising an electron beam source, a pair of electrode systems, a collecting plate electrode separating said systems, and deflecting elements for directing said beam into either of said electrode systems, each system being provided with an auxiliary cathode which emits secondary electrons when impinged upon by said beam, a grid inserted in front of said auxiliary cathode in the path of said beam, a first control electrode disposed without said beam path and a second control electrode disposed without said beam path between said first control electrode and said deflecting elements, means to maintain said second control electrode at a low potential, means to apply a potential to said collecting plate at which in the condition wherein the voltage applied to the first control electrode falls below a predetermined value said beam is collected by said collecting plate electrode, means to apply relative potentials to said auxiliary cathode and said grid at which in the condition wherein the beam strikes the auxiliary cathode said auxiliary cathode and said grid attain
  • Electronic switching apparatus formed by a plurality of switching elements, each element being constituted by a cathode ray device comprising an electron beam source, a pair of electrode systems, a collecting plate electrode separating said systems, and deflecting elements for directing said beam into either of said electrode systems, each system being provided with an auxiliary cathode which emits secondary electrons when impinged upon by said beam, a grid inserted in front of said auxiliary cathode in the path of said beam, a plate-shaped first control electrode disposed without said beam path, a plateshaped second control electrode disposed without said beam path between said first control electrode and said deflecting elements and a screen grid, means to maintain said second control electrode at a low potential, means to maintain said screen grid at a high potential, means to apply a potential to said collecting plate at which in the condition wherein the voltage applied to the first control electrode falls below a predetermined value said beam is collected by said collecting plate electrode, means to apply relative potentials to said auxiliary cathode and said grid at which in the condition where

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
US225443A 1950-06-07 1951-05-09 Device for switching contact circuits for signaling purposes Expired - Lifetime US2617072A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL154045A NL93754C (xx) 1950-06-07 1950-06-07

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US2617072A true US2617072A (en) 1952-11-04

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US225443A Expired - Lifetime US2617072A (en) 1950-06-07 1951-05-09 Device for switching contact circuits for signaling purposes

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US (1) US2617072A (xx)
BE (1) BE503758A (xx)
CH (1) CH291035A (xx)
DE (1) DE897888C (xx)
ES (1) ES198189A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1047777A (xx)
GB (1) GB691577A (xx)
NL (1) NL93754C (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871401A (en) * 1953-02-27 1959-01-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method for storing information in an electronic storage tube
US2874328A (en) * 1954-12-31 1959-02-17 Munsey E Crost Voltage sampling apparatus
US2895073A (en) * 1953-02-27 1959-07-14 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Circuit system for electronic memory tubes
US2916662A (en) * 1952-04-05 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Memory tube
US2983841A (en) * 1957-06-28 1961-05-09 Siemens Ag Signal-storing electron beam tube

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2165308A (en) * 1937-03-31 1939-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray device
US2214019A (en) * 1937-10-30 1940-09-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic switching device
US2247234A (en) * 1938-05-28 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Electron beam tube circuits
US2265311A (en) * 1938-03-29 1941-12-09 United Incandescent Lamp And E Electron beam tube
US2288239A (en) * 1938-11-09 1942-06-30 Harries John Henry Owen Electron lens and deflecting system
US2301743A (en) * 1939-02-10 1942-11-10 Nagy Paul Light modulating device for use in television receivers
US2472779A (en) * 1947-02-17 1949-06-07 Farnsworth Res Corp Cathode-ray tube amplifier
US2477008A (en) * 1945-08-01 1949-07-26 Rosen Leo Electrical apparatus
US2547107A (en) * 1947-09-18 1951-04-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Stabilized amplifier
US2547215A (en) * 1948-04-20 1951-04-03 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit arrangement for transmitting a signaling voltage under control of an auxiliary voltage
US2553735A (en) * 1950-01-21 1951-05-22 Zenith Radio Corp Push-pull output tube

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2165308A (en) * 1937-03-31 1939-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode ray device
US2214019A (en) * 1937-10-30 1940-09-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic switching device
US2265311A (en) * 1938-03-29 1941-12-09 United Incandescent Lamp And E Electron beam tube
US2247234A (en) * 1938-05-28 1941-06-24 Rca Corp Electron beam tube circuits
US2288239A (en) * 1938-11-09 1942-06-30 Harries John Henry Owen Electron lens and deflecting system
US2301743A (en) * 1939-02-10 1942-11-10 Nagy Paul Light modulating device for use in television receivers
US2477008A (en) * 1945-08-01 1949-07-26 Rosen Leo Electrical apparatus
US2472779A (en) * 1947-02-17 1949-06-07 Farnsworth Res Corp Cathode-ray tube amplifier
US2547107A (en) * 1947-09-18 1951-04-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Stabilized amplifier
US2547215A (en) * 1948-04-20 1951-04-03 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit arrangement for transmitting a signaling voltage under control of an auxiliary voltage
US2553735A (en) * 1950-01-21 1951-05-22 Zenith Radio Corp Push-pull output tube

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2916662A (en) * 1952-04-05 1959-12-08 Philips Corp Memory tube
US2871401A (en) * 1953-02-27 1959-01-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method for storing information in an electronic storage tube
US2895073A (en) * 1953-02-27 1959-07-14 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Circuit system for electronic memory tubes
US2874328A (en) * 1954-12-31 1959-02-17 Munsey E Crost Voltage sampling apparatus
US2983841A (en) * 1957-06-28 1961-05-09 Siemens Ag Signal-storing electron beam tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1047777A (fr) 1953-12-16
BE503758A (xx) 1952-10-10
NL93754C (xx) 1960-03-15
DE897888C (de) 1953-11-26
ES198189A1 (es) 1951-12-16
CH291035A (de) 1953-05-31
GB691577A (en) 1953-05-13

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