US2477008A

US2477008A - Electrical apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2477008A
Application number: US608342A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rosen Leo
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1945-08-01
Filing date: 1945-08-01
Publication date: 1949-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 1966-07-26

Description

July 26, 1949. RQSEN 2,477,008

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed Aug. 1, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Mil L. ROSEN ELECTRICAL APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 1, 1945 4 i W W 450' Pas L /v Paten ted July 26, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Leo Rosen, United States Army, Arlington County, Va.

Application August 1, 1945, Serial No. 608,342

9 Claims.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.

This invention is in electron tubes and particularly is a novel cathode ray tube with a plurality of plate structures.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an electron tube which will effectively measure the amplitude of a fluctuating signal at selected intervals, and provide an output for a particular plate circuit, the choice of the plate depending upon the amplitude of the input at the instant of measurement.

Another object is to provide an electron tube in which the choice of an output circuit will depend in the first instance only on the value of the input signal, a change in input voltage subsequent to such time having no effect on the output of the tube.

An additional object of this invention is to pro- Vide a tube wherein two or. more independent voltages may be combined vectorially and their sum treated as mentioned in the preceding objects.

Other objects will be apparent from a reading of the following specification and claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the tube of my invention;

Figure 2 is a similar diagram of a modified form of the tube in which two varying voltages may be combined;

Figure 3 represents in diagram an input signal for the tube of Figure 1 and the corresponding output signal thereof; and

Figure 4 shows a representative two-signal input for the tube of Figure 2 and the output corresponding thereto.

In the showing of Figure 1, ii] is a cathode which serves as the source of electrons for the tube, the electrons being susceptible of being formed into a beam l l by means of electrode 12, of being deflected in customary fashion by plates l3, l4, and I5, and of being turned on or off by the target end of the tube so that all can be swept by the electron-beam moving in one plane.

Two

amplifiers

24 and 25 are provided. The

electrode elements 26, 27, and 28 and the other electrode elements in similar relationships to their principal electrodes are adapted to feed into amplifier 25, whereas electrodes 38, 3|, and 32 and others similarly juxtaposed to their central electrodes are adapted to feed into amplifier 24. The outputs of the amplifiers in turn are applied to deflecting plates l4 and I5. Normally, the outputs of the two amplifiers are balanced and have no effect on an electron beam in the tube.

Now assume a fluctuating voltage to be applied to deflecting element l3, and the beam to be turned on through the application of the proper voltage to grid l6. As the beam goes on, it will be deflected in some fashion and will strike a target electrode, for example, 2|, and a signal will appear on output lead 21'. Any subsequent change in the voltage, acting through the deflecting structure 13 will tend to cause the beam to strike one of the adjacent electrodes 2'! or 3!. Should it strike electrode 21, a signal will be furnished to amplifier 25, resulting in the energization of deflecting structure I4 such as to produce a deflection in the electron beam approximately equal and opposite to the deflection caused by the fluctuation in the value of the input of the tube. On the other hand, should the beam move in the opposite direction in response to a variation in input voltage, and strike electrode 3 I, a signal will be provided through amplifier 24 to deflecting structure IS. the eifect being again to move the beam backto target'electrode 2|. The beam will thus remain on a target electrode until it is turned off through grid Hi.

If the beam is cut off and turned on once again, it will strike a target electrode of the

group

26, 2|, 22, etc., the selection being based upon the value of the voltage on deflecting structure is when the tube is energized. The sequence of operations is shown graphically in Figure 3. The pulses indicated at 35" are applied to the grid 16 of the tube and determine the commencements and durations oi. the output signals. Normally, the pulses will be equal in duration and regularly spaced; but the use to which the device is to be put will determine the characteristics of the timin pulses.

Obviously, other means for deflecting the cathode ray beam may be employed; the principles of operation remain the same. Further, the input signal or signals may be applied to deflecting plates l4 and I5, and structure [3 eliminated.

It will be apparent. also that the beam It may be shaped as desired just as thebe'ar'n in'a conventional cathode ray tube, the shaping normally depending upon the nature of the receiving or target electrode; and that, in place of the timing pulses on grid iii, any means for neutralizing or balancing the outputs of

amplifiers

24 and 25 can be utilizedmtp permit movement of the electron beam from to 'anothler, as, for example, by grounding the on puts.

Two voltages may be effectively combined by the tube of Figure 2. The modified tube has two inputs 35 and 36, with deflecting structures All and ll, respectively, in place of the single input and deflecting means l3 of Figure l. hl orr ally, only three target electrodes will be used in this embodiment of the invention; and th'ree are shown, 42, 43, and 44. A single output line 45 serves targets 42 and 43, and another output line is provided for plate member Q4?" I This tube is indendeg particularly to combine two signals, each having but two possible values.

Thustiwel s llsacldit on .of wo Teletyne-11 5c s t addition is. commonly ee rmed aota' d ne ,Q he'soscalled V m rule whichnrotidestha when wo m rkin i nals or two pecies petal are added; a pacin signalr-is transmitte whereasrwhen two unlike i nals are adds a I I, king si nal is transmitted: he {.t .1.1 trate'ci-in Fi re 4 wherei Amara R are o -ofi-signai an a other. suchp sigrral The, arithmetical sum of two marking signals is shown at C, of a marking i nal end seating-signal: t a d o two spacing-signals; a t-ii, The-output of the tube oiFigun imat-he-seenat-F andG; i be n u derstood thatwhen a niarking'sig'nal and a spacing' signal-are; applied simultaneously "to the inputs. 3.5;al" troni-beam-is not deflected through deflecting structures 4.0 and 4!), where two marking signals are; applied simultaneously, thebe'am is deflected merger-'42 (for example) and, when two spacing signals are. applied, to target 43. The QdnditionsFof thr-r input signals at. the; beginning; on a} time intervalcontrol the output for-,the' duration ofthefinterval.

It should; bflundgistood that the tube now being d scrihedis not limite in its action to the treatment oflTeletypeoriothertwo-value signals. Two irre ularlyrfluctuatingvoltages may be applied to. thetwoadefleetiiigplatestructures so am 4i.

n nyfeleetren beamwhich may 115 tubewillamount to the lectorial' 'sjumofi thextwoeapplid Signals. The

pulsestli. cit-Figured in effect sample the two signals under study atintervala which may be regulanortimed i'n; snares: manner desired.

*Unden celitain ebnditions, it may be desirable 11.013 to-xllelypalto ether upon the current of the cathode raybea'in; suehsarca's'e, the electrodes of he eroupslzlhzl 311G522} Figure 1, and 42', as, and 45;, Figure}, =a'r rendered secondarily emissive. Electrodesfiflrfig'ure M ami 5'|"(Figure 2) are utilized as; ollectorizih armanner well known nl h art; ""B IG WGfithEsBHI BED-tS in the several outputlleads will bepthnsopposite in all cases 9 th t-311$: described, butthegbperatioh of the tube'.willabecsubstantiallyiasapreviousl indicated. Through the use of additionalvdefie'cting plates and;receivingeeiectrodes, theitubes shown herein may; be; suited; {omittin -dimensional operation. The, output; electrode at sai particular instant is fixed; by i coordinates. "defined byj-h'o'rizontal and vertical-i deflectingt vdltages'l' The: tubeenvelopesjshdwniin.thedrawings are pproximatelyc'conventionanbut the envelopes may take other forms. The output of the tube can be increased, and certain other advantages obtained, by making the envelope circular-like a flattened barrelwith the cathode in the center. The targets and auxiliary electrodes assumes ring shapes, as do the igctpsing means, deflecting plates, and grid, and the. beam becomes a disk.

The foregoing description is in specific terms, and many modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is not, therefore, to be construed to be limited by the description and drawings except as required by h a ended claim I claim:

i. In a device of the nature described, means for generating an electron beam, a plurality of means responsivetolectrical signals for deflecting said beam, a-plurality of target electrodes, a plurality of pairs of additional electrodes each of said pairs having one of said' first rnentionedtarget electrodesspaeed therebetweon and partially overlapped in relation to said: beam by the'electrodes or" its pair of additional electrodes each electrode of a said pair being adapted"under impingement by said beam to furnish an electrical signal to deflect said beamtoward'its interspaced target electrode.

2. In a device of the naturedesoribed, means i or generatingan electron beam, switching means for turning on andofisaidbeam at predetermined intervals, a plurality of meansff or deflecting said beam withina predeterminedplane, a target electrode for said beam and an auiiijliary electrode adjacent each side of said tar telectrode and ihiasaid. planeasiaia ld nl mam by said b amtofuruish also; a1: gna t ad:- l n me ns. o de t etsaidi towa dsaid target electrode.

In a ic o henature described. means for n at n an a t ia si v plurality o a s for d flell ll Sdidh aiflr i p l e, a target el ctr de al autii under im n ement by said beam to provide a signal tojsaid fine, h r ar e le trqcles es laeeptsaidfirst mentioned a -set e ottqde and taxete e trodes being adapted under iinpingementby said toward the adjacent target elect he inve tion discla m 8; wherein-" er a ai ther tareetiele t ed, l ralie fifli and on both sides of saidjl mentionedtarget electrode.

5 The method oipsampling at fiuctuablea signal which includes creating a field-responsive; solely to said signal, formingan electnonzbeama the-direction of" said bean-"r. depending upon: said field at the instant'ofsampling andtthe'reby.v indicating a value of-xsaidifiuctuableisignal; and preventing suhstantiakchange:in said direction Icy creating additional 'fl'elds'about 'said beam to oppose progression. and; regression=fthereoff 6. The method o-f samplingfayfiuetuablesignal which includes creating a field-responsive solely to said signal; forming an on ofielectronfl beam the direction of said beam atthe--- beginning :of an on intervaldepending upon said flelcP at tiie instant of sa puegaiie the indieatinga .value of said fiuctuable signal and preventing substantial change m ss-i ugeeti ii byjcr atin additional fields about said "beam-tooppose progression and regression thereof during an on interval.

7. The method of sampling a two-level signal which includes creating a field responsive solely to said signal, directing an intermittent electron beam through said field, said field acting initially only in the on intervals of said beam to deflect the same substantially predetermined directions and distances thereby to indicate successive values of said signal at the beginnings of said on intervals, creating immediately subsequent to said initial action additional fields about said beam responsive to progressive and regressive movements thereof to oppose such movements and generating output signals in response to said beam.

8. The method of combining two fluctuable signals which includes creating a field responsive to one fluctuable signal, creating another field responsive to the other fluctuable signal, directing an on-ofi electron beam through said fields, intermittently creating fields substantially opposite in sense to changes in said first mentioned fields during on intervals of said beam, and generating output signals in response to said beam.

9. In a device of the nature described, means beam in response thereto, and means for rendering said amplifying means ineffective.

LEO ROSEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,036,350 Montani Apr. 7, 1936 2,124,973 Fearing July 26, 1938 2,224,677 Hanscom Dec. 10, 1940 2,395,299 skellett Feb. 19, 1946 2,404,106 Snyder, Jr July 16, 1946 2,417,450 Sears Mar. 18, 1947