US2617071A - Ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge tube apparatus - Google Patents

Ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge tube apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2617071A
US2617071A US725106A US72510647A US2617071A US 2617071 A US2617071 A US 2617071A US 725106 A US725106 A US 725106A US 72510647 A US72510647 A US 72510647A US 2617071 A US2617071 A US 2617071A
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Prior art keywords
resonator
frequency
tuning
cavity resonator
wave guide
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US725106A
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English (en)
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Chodorow Marvin
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Sperry Corp
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Sperry Corp
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Priority to US725106A priority patent/US2617071A/en
Priority to DES20353A priority patent/DE858709C/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/1817—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
    • H03B5/1835—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator the active element in the amplifier being a vacuum tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art of ultra-high-frequency apparatus, including electron discharge tubes of the velocity modulation type, and utilizing cavity resonators operating at frequencies of the order of 1,000 to- 30,000 megacycles per second. More particularly, the invention relates to arrangements for coupling said tubes to other high-frequency apparatus and for varying the operating frequency of the tubes.
  • Cavity resonators as employed in high-frequency electron discharge tubes or other highfrequency apparatus, have been made in a variety of symmetrical shapes and with various types of coupling devices for introducing highfrequency energy into or extracting high-frequency energy from the resonators.
  • the operating frequencies of such resonators have been variably controlled by diverse types of tuners, of which one known form comprises a conductive rod member mounted to be adjustably positionable within the resonator so as to alter the value of frequency-controlling parameters thereof and to change the frequency of operation of the tube accordingly.
  • tuners and couplings heretofore employed have been selected in the light of mutually independent and, generally, incompatible design and operational requirements.
  • conductive rod tuners have been introduced into regions of intense electricfield or intense magnetic-field components of an excited cavity resonator, thereby causing alteration of the equivalent capacitance or the equivalent inductance of the resonator.
  • the former method is generally referred to as capacitive tuning of the tube while the latter is known as inductive tuning.
  • a principal objecttherefore, of the present invention is to provide generally improved tunable cavity resonator apparatus wherein the above-described difficulties are avoided.
  • Another object is to provide a high-frequency electron discharge tube of the velocity-modulation type having an improved cavity resonator embodying novel arrangements of tuning and coupling means mutually cooperable to produce a substantially increased range of tuning for the tube.
  • broad-band tuning is accomplishedin an ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge tube device by means of a novel type of cavity resonator having an axially slotted wall portion and wherein a waveguide coupling arrangement and a conductive tuning member are provided in substantially diametrally opposed portions of the resonator.
  • Increased range of tuning has been found to result from the fact that the asymmetry of the resonator structure produced by this novel arrangement enables the positioning of the tuning member substantially exclusively in the magnetic-field portionof the resonator field thereby minimizing: undesired capacitance effects.
  • an improved high-frequency apparatus having incre'a's'edtuning range provided by an asymmetrical resonator arrangement including an axially slotted cavity resonator having a wave guide coupling at the slotted portion of the resonator andaconductive tuning member in a .diametrally opposed portion of the resonator.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a cavity resonator device of increased tuning range comprising anaxially slotted cavity resonator having a, wave guide section coupled to the slotted portion thereof and a conductive tuning member adjustably disposed within a portion of the resonator diametrally opposed 3 from said slotted portion and translatable chord wise therein, whereby, for a certain mode of excitation of said resonator, adjustment of the position of the tuning member produces substantially pure inductive tuning of the resonator.
  • a feature of the present invention lies in the provision of an ultra-high-frequency apparatus comprising a cylindrical-cavity resonator having an axially slotted wall portion, a wave guide section coupled to said resonator at the slotted portion thereof, and a tuning rod adjustably positionable within the resonator in a region diametrally opposed from the slotted wall portion.
  • Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a novel reflex oscillator of the klystron type having a waveguide coupling arrangement and a conductive: rod tuner cooperable with said coupling arrangement to produce an increased range of tunability for said oscillator.
  • the invention in another of its aspects relates to novel features of the instrumentalities described herein for achieving the principal objects of the invention and to novel principles employed in those instrumentalities, whether or not these features and principles are used for the said principal objects or in the said field.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide improved apparatus and instrumentalities embodying novel features and principles, adapted for use in realizing the above objects and also adapted for use in other fields.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view, partly broken away, of a conventional type of coaxial cylindrical cavity resonator usefulin describing certain features of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic showing of an equivalent lumped-constant circuit of the cavity resonator shown in 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a transverse, cross-sectionalview of a cavity resonator embodying certain features of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is an elevational view, partly in longitudinal section, of an ultra-high-frequency velocity-modulation reflex oscillator embodying a resonator of the type shown in Fig. 3,
  • Fig 5 is a cross-sectional view of the oscillator of Fig. 4 taken along the line 5-5 thereof, and
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 65 of Fig. 4.
  • a conventional type of ultrahigh frequency cavity resonator having a conductive cylindrical wall H, a coaxially disposed conductive inner rod l3 and end walls [5 and H enclosing the cylinder at top and bottom, respectively.
  • Rod I3 is connected at one end to one end wall, such as 15 and is adjacent but spaced from the other end wall.
  • the enclosure thus formed defines a space resonant system, which, for a given mode of oscillation, is resonant ata frequency, J, defined by 4 lumped inductances of inductors I9, 2! respectively represent the equivalent inductances L1, L2 of the respective half-portions 25, 21 of the resonator (Fig. l) to the left and right of a diametral plane 29 drawn through the resonator, while the lumped capacitance of capacitor 23 represents the equivalent capacitance of the resonator.
  • the joint equivalent inductance L of the resonator is approximately given by the well-known relation Since the resonator is symmetrical about the plane 29, the equivalent inductance L1 is equal to the equivalent inductance L2, and for this condition Lz L1:1/2 L2.
  • the resonant frequency f of the resonator depends on the value of the joint equivalent inductance L.
  • a limited degree of variation of the inductances of either of the half-portions 25, 21 is provided, in the prior art, by inserting a conductive rod 3i, or similar conductive member, radially into the resonator.
  • the variation of inductance thus produced gives rise to a corresponding variation of the resonant frequency of the resonator. As noted hereinabove, such frequency variations have proved to be seriously limited as to workable range.
  • the resonator is generally similar to the resonator H, l3 of Fig. 1, with the exception that a portion of the wall 33 is cut away as by a plane passed parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and at a predetermined distance therefrom, to form a longitudinally extending slot 35 the Width X of which depends on the said predetermined distance from the axis at which the slot is formed.
  • the equivalent inductance of the region adjacent the slotted wall section of resonator is larger than that of the unslotted section; that is, the region remote from the slot, by an amount proportional to the width X of the slot 35.
  • the inductance L2 may be made correspondingly large.
  • the total equivalent inductance L of the slotted resonator is largely determined by the inductance L1 of the unslotted portion.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 show an adaptation of my broadband tunable cavity resonator to an ultra-high frequency electron discharge tube which, 'in the illustrated embodiment, is of the electron v'elocity-modulation type, known in the 'art as a reflex klystron,
  • tube -39 comprisesa eavityresonator 4
  • r closure is merely illustrative o *oneni'an fabrication.
  • a resonat r may. if be formed in diverseother W H1 ing and interconnecting suitably 'foi'medfsheets or laminations of metal M 1011, 1' a 2111 5 3, fine substantially the same 'ressnstoreqnfigum. tion as disclosed.
  • a tubular member 49 Supported in the "central aper "L175 ofend "W311 45 and projecting coaxiall'y 1111 r o a is a tubular member 49 having a h -id 138 1 91 grid structures 51, 53 at its inn and-o 6]: ends respectively.
  • the aperture 'of end wall! may-be provided with a similar grid'sti'ucture We which, together with grids 5
  • cemeae assembly 51 may inciuc'ie a focus in": control or 'incdulastfiig electrodes. as desired.
  • a reflector electrode '59 is rigidl sealed into'the tube 39 by means or a structural arrangement which i's'par denier-1y adapted to iii i-nimi-ze 'microphbnics, This arrangement compris s a conductive tutu-- lar member *61, vacuum sealed to the outer sur fa'ceof end wall 4'1 and "coaxial alignment with the sent-rel aperture therein.
  • outer end-6r Y tubular member s1 is fiarea as at 53 to prsviee EL1511611 1361" at Whibh '3, correspondingly fla'itd outer periphery of a eerieav iy dished cap -65 may be sealed to for-in an air-tight, ir'lbhafiieally rig d joint.
  • Gap 6 5 centrally *apertured for receiving an insulating sup ort 61 which is formed with a dwhwa'rdly X-tefidi fig' hollow Gylilifiiibhl part 5'9 and 2.
  • bush 1 L The S11iiiioit may be of glass bi other electrical insulating material suitable for bonding to metal.
  • Bush H is preferably vacuumsealed into the aperture of cap '55 with the free end of the cylindrical part 59 bonded in butt fashion to "reflector -1i3tr0de 59.
  • Lead-fin Wife 13 'for providing electrical connection between reflector electrode 59 and an external -s'our'ce of a potential, not shown, is suitably molded the insulating "support 61 and conductively -'connected to reflector "electrode 59.
  • fWi'd'e-band inductive tunih'gj'of tube 39 is as eomplished'by 'm'ean'sof a movable plunger which may be in the term of a conductive rod 15 mounted for chordw'ise projection into the inti idiof resbfiatoi I.
  • AS-Shawl ⁇ , T03 1515 Dre fer'ably cylindrical -i"n shfape'and or-eros'scsectienal dimension radically to fill the space between end "walls '45 hid '41 "and tubular member an nowadays the ad acentp A oh 'o f 'cyiindricalwal1 4'3.
  • the nner end'o'f rod 151s er ra yrounded is form "a hemispherical tip to reduce undesired capacitance 'efieet's.
  • a second sleeve 81 having an annular shoulder 89 formed atits inner end and a radially extending flange 9I at the other end, is tightly fitted and conductivelysecured in the large-bore portion 8
  • the outer diameter of sleeve 83 and the diameter of the bore of sleeve 81 are so selected that, when assembled, the adjacent lateral surfaces of the sleeves are slightly spaced, forming a cylindrical slot or space 93 extending coaxially between sleeves 8 3 and 81.
  • the bore of sleeve 81 is slightly longer than sleeve 83 so as to provide a radial slot or space 95 which, as shown, connects with the cylindrical slot 33 to form a continuous inverted U-shaped slot in cross-section, the overall length of which is chosen. to be substantially one-quarter wavelength at the average operating frequency of the tube.
  • a slot of the inverted U-shaped type hereinabove described forms a folded short-circuited quarter-wavelength transmission line section which provides a-very low impedance, amounting practically to a short circuit for ultra-high-frequency energy of frequency corresponding to the average operating frequency of the device, as seen looking along opening 11 from the interior of the resonator 4I outwardly. Accordingly, it will be seen that practically no electromagnetic energy of this frequency can leak out of or be radiated from the interior of the resonator through the opening 11. .Other suitable means may be provided for the same radiationinhibiting or wave-trap purpose.
  • of sleeve 81 provides an anchor plate for mounting one end of a-flexible bellows 91 invacuum-tight manner, the other end of which is fixedly secured and sealed to a radially extending flange 9 9 of an internally threaded travelling nut II which is adjustable toward or away from flange ill by rotationof arotatable screw shaft H13 in one sense or the other.
  • Rod 15 may be aflixed to the nut Ifl-I .in any suitable manner or may be integrally formed with nut IN to be movable therewith, and thus to be .adjustably translatable within the resonator II.
  • shaft I03 is turned smooth so as to extend through and be rotatable in a bearing I 95 provided in a-metallic-cylindricaldust-proof cover II3 which, in turn, is; preferably detachably connected to flange 9I,-as by means of machine screws II5.
  • Shaft I93 is secured; against inadvertent translatory movement by means of a snap-washer I fitted into an annular groove in the shaft I03 and a similar washer, not shown; at the other end of bearing I05.
  • a knurled knob I01 may be provided to facilitate manual operatlon of the screw shaft I03.
  • a pointer I09 and scale I II may be provided if visual indication of the position of the rod and hence of the resonator frequency. is desired.
  • a slot H9 is formed in. a side wall portion of the resonator Al on the side substantially diametrally oppositethe tube 49.
  • Such a slot may be formed by milling or otherwise machining a groove I2I, Fig. 4, into the wall 43 ,of the resonator to a depth, corresponding to a desired width of slot.
  • W r th sqn t risbu l p b t ckinane formed; metallic, laminations, as hereinabove where the, resonator is built up by stacking preliminarily forming such laminations so as to provide, in assembly, such agroove and slot.
  • a section of oval wave guide I23, dimensioned above cut-off at the mean operating frequency and having spaced parallel top and bottom walls I25, I21 and substantially cylindrical side walls I29, I3I, Fig, 6, ismounted in the groove I2I at the slot I I9;
  • One end of the wave guide I23 is open and communicates with the interior of the resonator 4
  • the transverse dimensions a, b of wave guide I 23 are preferably substantially greater than the dimensions of slot I I9.
  • the other end of the wave guide- is vacuum sealedas at I33 by means of any suitable dielectric material which is readily transparent to high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • Wave guide section I23 is adapted to be telescopically received within the wave guide I I1, as shown, and secured thereto by means of machine screws I35 threaded into suitable openings in a conventional choke flange coupling I31 having one portion fixed to resonator 43 and a second cooperating portion fixed to wave guide II1. It will be understood that any suitable wave trap I 39 or radiation-inhibiting coupling arrangement between the wave guide sections I I1 and I2I may be utilized as desired.
  • the wave guide coupling herein described affords a wide selection of degrees of coupling between the electromagnetic energy within the cavity resonator of tube 39 and an external load, the factors determining the degree of coupling being the width :2: of the slot H9, the length Z of the wave guide I23 extending into wave guide H1 and the transverse dimensions d, b of wave guide section I23. It has also been found that, by selection of suitable values for these "factors, substantially any desired degree of coupling may be obtained.
  • said cavity resonator as a frequency-determining element thereof, said resonator having a slotted portion, the region of said cavity resonator adjacent the slotted portion thereof having a substantially larger effective inductance compared to the effective inductance of said cavity resonator remote from said slotted portion to render said cavity resonator asymmetrical, said resonator being suitable for supporting an electromagnetic field therein, a conductive tuning member projecting into said resonator through a cylindrical wall portion thereof substantially diametrally opposite said slotted portion of said resonator, said tuning member being movable substantially entirely within a region of said resonator suitable for containing magnetic field components of said electromagnetic field, and means coupled to said tuning member for varying the amount of projection of said tuning member within said cavity resonator so as to vary the eifective volume thereof, thereby producing broad-band variation of the operating frequency of said device.
  • Ultr'a-high-frequency electron discharge tube apparatus comprising means for forming and projecting a beam of electrons along a predetermined path, conducting walls defining a hollow cavity resonator surrounding the path of said beam, said resonator having a slotted wall portion, a first portion of said resonator having a larger effective reactance value than a further portion of said resonator, means in the path of said beam for reversing and reprojecting said beam through said resonator, whereby ultra-high-frequency energy is generated Within said resonator, and tuning means in a further portion of said resonator for varying the effective reactance value of said further portion, said tuning means including a conductive member adjustably disposable in said further portion, whereby the difference in the effective reactances of said portions produces upon adjustment of said conductive member a relatively large variation of the total effective reactance of said resonator.
  • High frequency apparatus comprising conducting walls defining a cavity resonator, said cavity resonator having an opening in a wall portion thereof, a first section of hollow wave guide sealed at one end thereof at said wall portion about said opening, a gaseous-tight seal at the other end of said wave guide whereby said first section of hollow wave guide together with said conducting walls defining said cavity resonator comprise a unitary gaseous-tight body, and a secondsection of hollow wave guide receiving said other end of said first section of wave guide, said first section of wave guide projecting a predetermined electrical length into said second section of wave guide and having predetermined cross-sectional dimensions to effect a desired impedance discontinuity so that a desired coupling sensitiveness for energy coupled from said resonator to said second wave guide is aiforded.
  • a tunable cavity resonator comprising a conductive substantially cylindrical wall means having a slot, spaced conductive end wall means disposed at the ends of said cylindrical wall means, an electron-permeable gap centrally disposed with respect to said cylindrical wall means, the effective inductance of a first region of said cavity resonator adjacent said slot being relatively large compared to the effective inductance of a second region of said cavity resonator, and a conductive member having chordwise translation within said cavity resonator for varying the effective volume thereof, the axis of said conductive member being displaced from said electron-permeable gap, said conductive member being adjustably disposable within said second region and being further substantially diametrally opposite said slot to produce a variation of the effective inductance of said second region, whereby the operating frequency of said resonator may be varied over a relatively wide range.
  • a tunable cavity resonator comprising a conducting body having substantially toroidal inner wall portions, said cavity resonator being inductively asymmetrical about its axis of revolution, one region of said resonator having a relatively large effective inductance compared to a second region thereof, said resonator having an aperture in the wall thereof adjacent said one region, and means for varying the effective volume of said cavity resonator, said last-named means comprising an adjustable conductive element confined to said second region within said cavity resonator beyond said axis of revolution and remote from said aperture for producing a variation of the effective inductance of said second region, whereby the operating frequency of said cavity resonator may be varied over a relatively wide range.
  • Ultra-high frequency electron discharge tube apparatus comprising a cylindrical cavity resonator having hollow axial reentrant portions defining an electron permeable gap, said cavity resonator having an aperture through the cylindrical side wall thereof, waveguide output means including a gas-tight seal coupled to said cavity resonator for receiving ultra-highfrequency energy through the aperture in said side wall, and a conductive tuning plunger projecting into said cavity resonator through the cylindrical side wall at a region separate from said aperture to vary the volume of said cavity.
  • said tuning plunger being movable along a chord of said cavity resonator lying between said gap and said side wall of said cavity resonator whereby the plunger extends into said cavity resonator for a distance greater than the radial distance between said gap and said side wall.

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FR964827D FR964827A (un) 1947-01-29
US725106A US2617071A (en) 1947-01-29 1947-01-29 Ultrahigh-frequency electron discharge tube apparatus
DES20353A DE858709C (de) 1947-01-29 1950-10-03 Abstimmbarer Hohlraumresonator

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2878415A (en) * 1955-03-31 1959-03-17 Bendix Aviat Corp Electron discharge device
US2899599A (en) * 1956-12-13 1959-08-11 Reflex klystron
US2968013A (en) * 1956-09-28 1961-01-10 Emi Ltd Hollow electrical resonators
US3045146A (en) * 1959-03-18 1962-07-17 Eitel Mccullough Inc Tunable resonant cavity
US3051866A (en) * 1954-04-09 1962-08-28 Varian Associates Velocity modulation electron tube apparatus
US3078385A (en) * 1954-07-20 1963-02-19 Eitel Mccullough Inc Klystron

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125734A (en) * 1960-04-06 1964-03-17 Tuning screw having a double choke

Citations (15)

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US2106769A (en) * 1935-08-23 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of guided waves
US2129712A (en) * 1933-12-09 1938-09-13 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of energy effects by guided electric waves in a dielectric medium
US2200023A (en) * 1936-09-10 1940-05-07 Julius Pintsch Kommandit Ges Ultra-high-frequency oscillation apparatus
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2403025A (en) * 1941-09-24 1946-07-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam device
GB579648A (en) * 1942-02-17 1946-08-12 Bernard Joseph Mayo Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices employing hollow resonators
US2423383A (en) * 1944-06-15 1947-07-01 Rca Corp Absorptive gas microwave measuring system
US2424089A (en) * 1944-11-18 1947-07-15 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency amplifier
US2426177A (en) * 1944-06-10 1947-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrical resonator
US2426193A (en) * 1943-06-17 1947-08-26 Rca Corp Radio transmitter automatic volume control
US2427106A (en) * 1943-10-28 1947-09-09 Rca Corp Attenuator for centimeter waves
US2438768A (en) * 1944-04-28 1948-03-30 Philco Corp Apparatus for varying the frequency of resonant cavities
US2451825A (en) * 1945-08-01 1948-10-19 John J Guarrera Oscillator tube with tunable coaxial resonator
US2491418A (en) * 1946-04-04 1949-12-13 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Automatic inspection device
US2496772A (en) * 1944-07-12 1950-02-07 Philco Corp Cavity resonator

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129712A (en) * 1933-12-09 1938-09-13 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of energy effects by guided electric waves in a dielectric medium
US2106769A (en) * 1935-08-23 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of guided waves
US2200023A (en) * 1936-09-10 1940-05-07 Julius Pintsch Kommandit Ges Ultra-high-frequency oscillation apparatus
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2403025A (en) * 1941-09-24 1946-07-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam device
GB579648A (en) * 1942-02-17 1946-08-12 Bernard Joseph Mayo Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices employing hollow resonators
US2426193A (en) * 1943-06-17 1947-08-26 Rca Corp Radio transmitter automatic volume control
US2427106A (en) * 1943-10-28 1947-09-09 Rca Corp Attenuator for centimeter waves
US2438768A (en) * 1944-04-28 1948-03-30 Philco Corp Apparatus for varying the frequency of resonant cavities
US2426177A (en) * 1944-06-10 1947-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrical resonator
US2423383A (en) * 1944-06-15 1947-07-01 Rca Corp Absorptive gas microwave measuring system
US2496772A (en) * 1944-07-12 1950-02-07 Philco Corp Cavity resonator
US2424089A (en) * 1944-11-18 1947-07-15 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency amplifier
US2451825A (en) * 1945-08-01 1948-10-19 John J Guarrera Oscillator tube with tunable coaxial resonator
US2491418A (en) * 1946-04-04 1949-12-13 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Automatic inspection device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3051866A (en) * 1954-04-09 1962-08-28 Varian Associates Velocity modulation electron tube apparatus
US3078385A (en) * 1954-07-20 1963-02-19 Eitel Mccullough Inc Klystron
US2878415A (en) * 1955-03-31 1959-03-17 Bendix Aviat Corp Electron discharge device
US2968013A (en) * 1956-09-28 1961-01-10 Emi Ltd Hollow electrical resonators
US2899599A (en) * 1956-12-13 1959-08-11 Reflex klystron
US3045146A (en) * 1959-03-18 1962-07-17 Eitel Mccullough Inc Tunable resonant cavity

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DE858709C (de) 1952-12-08
FR964827A (un) 1950-08-25

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