US2616063A - Magnetron - Google Patents

Magnetron Download PDF

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Publication number
US2616063A
US2616063A US708279A US70827946A US2616063A US 2616063 A US2616063 A US 2616063A US 708279 A US708279 A US 708279A US 70827946 A US70827946 A US 70827946A US 2616063 A US2616063 A US 2616063A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slots
block
anode
cathode
magnetron
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Expired - Lifetime
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US708279A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willshaw William Ernest
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MO Valve Co Ltd
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MO Valve Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
    • H01J25/55—Coaxial cavity magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices and more particularly to vacuum tubes of the type known as magnetrons.
  • Magnetrons in various forms are particularly useful for generatin high frequency energy at extremely short wave length.
  • a particular form of magnetron over which this invention is an improvement comprises a solid substantially cylindrical block acting as an anode and having plane ends perpendicular to its axis.
  • An axial cylindrical aperture traverses the anode block for housing the axially disposed cathode.
  • a plurality of slots parallel to the axis of the block are radially disposed and open at one end into the cathode aperture and closed at the other end. This construction is commonly known as a multi-segment multi-cavity magnetron.
  • An object of this invention is to improve the construction of magnetrons of the type referred to and thereby increase their overall efficiency.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for coupling the energy from the magnetron to an external circuit.
  • Another advantag resulting from the novel construction is a greater uniformity of resonance of the individual cavities of the magnetron.
  • Fig. l is a sectional view of a magnetron representing one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig 1 taken on lines 2-2;
  • Fig. 3 is a partial view in cross-section of a modification of the structure shown in Fig. 2 for coupling to a wave-guide;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view illustrating a modified structure in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 taken along lines 5 -5;
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment showing the coupling to a wave-guide.
  • Fig. 7 is a top view in partial cross-section of a modified structure of coupling and cavities.
  • the function of the slots is to act as resonators for the oscillations generated. They may be regarded as transmission lines,'having one open end (namely that opening into the central aperture) and a closed end. If r designates the length or a slot (1. e. its dimension parallel to a radius of the cylinder), the slot will be resonant to oscillations whose wave-length is roughly 4r; the resonant frequency will not vary much with the depth of the slot (i. e. its dimension parallel to the axis).
  • the sides of the slots are closed by conducting plates or discs, not integrated with the block, but connected to (preferably abutting against) the block and substantially perpendicular to its axis.
  • the radial slots thus formed are regarded better as wave-guides than as transmission lines, for the conducting discs prevent them from acting as transmission lines.
  • Their resonant frequencies depend primarily on the axial depth which is about half the wavelength of the oscillations; it depends less on the radial length, so long as this is not very different from the depth.
  • the problem of coupling the resonators to the load circuit now arises. It cannot be effected, as in the known construction, by loops introduced into the slots from their axial ends, for these are closed.
  • the slots instead of being closed at their outer radial ends, open into an annular channel in the block surroundin its axis, and a path is provided whereby energy may pass from the oscillations in the channel to an output circuit outside the block.
  • This path may be provided, for example, by a loop projecting into the channel or by a waveguide opening into it.
  • the anode block is made up of the outer ,cylindrical copper shell 5, closed at its ends by copper plates 6, and the inner copper block -i fi-tti-ng closely within it.
  • the block-7 was originallysolid and cylindrical, but the recesses 8, the annular groove 9, and the central hole I10 have-beenz llmed or drilled out of it; further twelve longitudinal slots 12 of uniform width, opening into the hole In and, for most of their depth, into ,the groove 5, have been milled in it from end to end.
  • the sides of the slots [2 are then covered by the copper rings or apertured discs 13, leaving the ends of the central ,hole .10 open.
  • Atubular cathode 4 um shed 'i th e di c 1. i up o t e ,trally in the hole .19 v onnthe leads I] which enter through seals 1,8 inthe shell5.
  • the ,system can usually be designed so th fin liii w i el o one dimension onlyi necessary to obtain substantially optimum'efiicier cy; this dimension may conveniently be the rel nmh dof .oom-
  • a connection between the slots I2 and the annular channel 9 is established by radiator-loop combinations -projecting from the latter into the former.
  • Fqrthispurpose the slots are expanded at one part, for example, by drilling holes axiallyenlargingeach slot as shown at 26; 21 are the radiators in the annular channel, 21 the loops in theexpanded parts.
  • Other parts numbered in "Figsha and-5 correspond to those similarly numbered inthe aforesaid Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the expanded parts 26 are cylinders 5 mm. in diameter, extending a on t e o e d t o ihe slo t oles 28 .through'which .the loops enter ,are .,4 mm. in diameter
  • the .unexoa d d ,Par a .3 :wide on h ou r end and 1 mm wideon' the inner end. 'ljhe whole radial length of the slot is there:- fore now ,(5,+.3.-
  • -1 9 place of ⁇ ; mm.
  • Br t the annular channel ,9 is now only 10 mm. in radia ,w dth. 'lhe rad a ors nowadays as ellas the loop 9 ach proje ts mm ,'inqo the chann .9-
  • the other ,Slot 2 have simil enter-en s inora l o be reson ant at thes mefremy in entionmeill'lyiil .Q ZQJi l IQQl QlZ I .91. the lo p i o t outer. endro .a slot-inste d .o into itesielelnlfi 7 h. .,t .lea ih o he slots may b 11. ih ellameie 9 th enlar ed ndo mm- I claim:
  • a cylindrical an d bl ck lay ng a cen ra chambe extends along the s iddi a gaz s th reo amen annu a c am e adjacent the oute surface thereo s id .b oels l arinss ois of Wid h extend n b ween sa d. .oneml erefor.commu 'tion therebetween and means coupled withlsaid annula h mbe fo transf rrin ene gy .ir
  • odle ieh mee adi ee t iheo is ri .ihem f, said i loe e in elei o ,u Wi hlexiendn; be w n d... hami2e 1 iim ooie io ther between an .lrieensinolddia a l in..,a .s
  • a cylindrical anode block having a central chamber extending along the longitudinal axis thereof and an annular chamber adjacent the outer surface thereof, said block having slots extending between said chambers for communication therebetween and means including a wave-guide opening into said annular chamber for transferring energy from said device.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a plurality of radially extending slots of uniform width therein terminating at one end near the center of said block and opening into a central chamber, said block having an annular channel surrounding and opening into the other ends of said slots, conducting plates covering the sides of said slots whereby said slots form cavities which are closed except at said ends, and means for transferring energy from said magnetron comprising a portion of said block having an opening extending into said channel and a loop in said channel extending through said opening to the exterior of said block.
  • a cylindrical anodeblock having a plurality of radially extending slots therein terminating at one end near the center of said block and opening into a central chamber, said block having an annular channel surrounding and opening into the other ends of said slots, conducting plates covering the sides of said slots whereby said slots form cavities which are closed except at said ends, and means for transferring energy from said magnetron comprising a portion of said block having a tapered aperture opening at its narrow end into said channel and at its wider end into a wave-guide mounted on the outer surface of the block at one end and hermetically sealed at its outer end.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a plurality of radially extending slots therein, each of said slots having an inner open end near the center of said block and an outer open end toward the outside thereof, said block having an annular channel surrounding said slots and opening into said outer open ends, said slots having expanded portions, a coupling loop in each said portion extending into said channel, conducting plates covering the sides of said slots whereby said slots form cavities closed except at said open ends, and means for transferring energy from said magnetron comprising a portion of said block having an aperture opening into said channel and a loop in said channel extendin through said aperture to the exterior of said block.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a plurality of radially extending slots therein, each of said slots being closed on all sides and having an inner open end near the center of said block and an expanded portion toward the outside of said block, means for transferring energy from said magnetron comprising a portion of said block having an aperture opening into said expanded portion of one of said slots and a loop in said portion extending through said aperture to the exterior of said block.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a plurality of radially extending slots of uniform width therein, each of said slots having an inner annular chamber and extending from said de- 7 open end near the center of said block andall but one of said slots having an outer clos'edend, conducting plates covering the sides of said slots whereby said slots form closed cavities, means for transferring energy from said magnetron comprising a portion of said block having a tapered aperture opening at its narrow end into said one of said slots and at its wider end into a wave-guide mounted on the outer surface of the block 'at one end and hermetically sealed at its outer end.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a plurality of radially extending slots of uniform width therein terminating at one end near the center of said block and opening into a central chamber, said block having an annular channel surrounding and opening into the other ends of said slots, conducting plates covering the sides of said slots whereby said slots form cavities which are closed except at said ends, and means for transferring energy from said magnetron.
  • a cylindrical anode block having a central chamber extending along the longitudinal axis thereof and having radially extending slots opening at their inner ends into said channel chamber, said slots having uniform width for at least a part of their radial length, conducting plates contacting the ends of said anode block at the sides of said slots whereby said slots are closed on all sides, and means coupled to at least one of said slots for transferring energy from said discharge device.
  • said energy transferring means comprises an aperture in the wall of said anode block coupled to at least one of said slots and opening into a hollow wave guide hermeti cally sealed to said block at one end and hermetically sealed at its outer end.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a cavity resonator, means for establishing a high frequency electric field within said resonator, said resonator having an aperture extending through a wall thereof, a hollow wave guide hermetically sealed at one end to said resonator in registration with said aperture, and means permeable to electromagnetic waves hermetically sealing the other end of said wave guide, said aperture being tapered with at least two side walls thereof diverging from said resonator toward said wave guide.
  • An apparatus for use at high frequencies comprising a cavity resonator and means for transferring electromagnetic energy from said resonator comprising an aperture in a wall of said resonator, a hollow wave guide hermetically sealed at one end to said resonator in registration with said aperture, and means permeable to electromagnetic waves hermetically sealing the other end of said wave guide, said aperture being tapered, with at least two side walls thereof diverging from said resonator toward said wave guide.
  • An electron discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a cathode surrounded by an anode assembly, said anode assembly including a plurality of cavity resonators, a metallic envelope enclosing said anode assembly and'cathode, the wall of said envelope having an aperture therethrough registering with one of said '2 cavity resonators means? coupling said one'cavity resonator with saidaapertureahollow wave: guide hermetically sealed at one endto" said envelope in; registration: with said aperture, and?
  • An electron discharge device of the mag' netron type comprising. anenvelope of conducting; material containing acylindrical anode block having: a ⁇ central chamber extending. along" the longitudinal? axis thereof and a: plurality ofradially. extending slots of: uniform width opening" at their inner ends into-said central cha-mber said envelope having. an aperture therethrougn regis teringz with the outer endof one of said slots;- means; for coupling said one. slot. electromagnet ically" with said aperture, and an output Waveguide:- sealed atone end t'o' said envelope in re'gistration with: said aperture: and having' means permeable: to electromagnetic waves sealing the other end: thereof.
  • An electron discharge: device including a cathodei and an anode block having a central chamber, said cathode being within said chamber" said anode block havingl aplurality "of T radially-extending slots of uniform-width communicating. with the chamber betweenv the cathode and: the; anode block and forming" resonators, the end: of one'ofr said slots remotefrom said cathode opening: into a: coupling chambei havingside; walls diverging" towardi the outside of said anode block, and a tubularoutputlead exten'ding from. said block and openinginto said coupling chamber.
  • An electron:v discharge device includingan anode block, said anode block beinglprovidedi with a central chamber and'havinga plurality of radially-extending slots of: uniform width oomniunieating withsaid chamber, a cathode mounted within-said chamber, the endof one -of said slots remote: from: said' cathode opening into a coupling: chamber having' side wallsi-diverging toward the outside'of said anode block, a tubular output;
  • An electron discharge device including a cathode and an? anode' block having: a: central chamber,. said: cathode: being within: saidi chain ben; said' anode-block having. a plurality ofr-a'dially extending; slots of' uniform Width communieating with the chamber between the: cathode and'the anode' block and forming resonators,- the anodeblock, said'anode blocki being provided with a central chamber fand havin'g a pluraiityof'radi ally; extending.
  • slots of uniform width: comm'uni eating; with .said: chamber, a: cathode mounted within said chamber, the end of one iof said slots remote from.- said cathode; being: coupled elec- 8-, tromagnetically' with a coupling-' chamber havingide walls-diverging; toward theoutside' of said anode block, a tubular output lead extending fromsaid block and having one endopening into said coupling chamber and having its other end sealed by a closure member permeable to electromagnetic waves; v
  • a high-frequency oscillator comprisingta'ri electron discharge tube having a plurality of pri mary cavity resonators therein; and a secondary cavity resonator opening into and adapted to-lieexcitedfrom said primary'cav-ity resonators; said primary cavity resonator-s being spaced with re"- spect-to each other whereby in-phaseoscillatory energy therefrom entersinto said secondarycavity resonator ata-plurality'o'f points spaced alongthe same.
  • An electron dischargedevice comprisingt'a cathode; ananode; saidanode havingapluralityof 'groovestherein and an electron receiving portion intermediate each pair of adjacent-grooves: saidgrooves constituting primary cavity resonaftors; and a secondary cavity resonator opening into and adapted to beexcited-f'rom said primary cavity-resonators.
  • An electron discharge device comprising: a cathode; an anode; said'anodehaving a plurality of 'groo'vestherein and an electron-receivingbOr tion intermediate each pair of adjacent grooves; said grooves constituting piimary'cavity' resl'i'na tors; and a secondary cavity resonator opening into and adapted to beexcited from said primary cavity resonators; said primary cavity resonat'orsbeing spaced with respect to eachother; whereby" in phase oscillatory energy therefrom entersinto said secondary cavity resonator at" a plurality of points spaced" along theisam'e.
  • A- high frequencyoscillator' comprising an electrondischarge-tubehavingapluraiity of pr?- m'ary' cavity resonatorstherein; and asecondary cavity resonator directlycoup'led' to-and' adapted to be excited from-saidpriinarycavity-resonators:
  • A-high-frequeneyioscillator comprising: an electrondischarge tubehaving' a plurality ofp'ri mary cavity resonatorsftherein, anda secondaryc'avity'resonator directly,- coupled to and adapt 'd" to be excited from saidfprimary ca'vity' reso v tors; and' n eans coupledtofsaid secondary'cavity resonator'for leading oscillator energy outi'of' the same:
  • cathode ananode; said anode including a block ofcbnducting material provided withl a central bore receptiveof-i said cathode; said block includ ing a plurality of slots" extending from said cen-' tral bore tothe exterior Wall thereof to form a plurality ofelectron-receiving'portionsiseparated by a pluralityoi" primary cavity resonators? and" annular-channel means connected to said block and cooperating with said exterior wail to" form a secondarycavity resonator; said primary cavity” resonators opening int'o' said secondary cavity resonator.
  • a n' electron discharge device coinpr'isingt a cathode; an anode; said anode includingiai block; of conducting material provided with a centrarbore receptive-0f said 5 cathode? 'saidblock'f including plurality of slots" extending" from said.
  • An electron discharge device comprising: a cathode; an anode; said anode including a block of conducting material provided with a central bore receptive of said cathode; said block including a plurality of slots extending from said central bore to the exterior Wall thereof to form a plurality of electron-receiving portions separated by a plurality of primary cavity resonators; annular channel means connected to said block and cooperating with said exterior wall to form a secondary cavity resonator; and conducting rings at least partially closing opposite sides of said block; said primary cavity resonators opening into said secondary cavity resonator.
  • a electron discharge device comprising: an envelope enclosing a cathode and an anode structure; said anode structure including a plurality of anode elements forming a plurality of cavity resonators each of which is adapted to resonate at a predetermined output frequency; a common cavity resonator adapted to resonate at said predetermined output frequency; and a plurality of coupling devices coupled to said common cavity resonator; said coupling devices also being coupled, respectively, to some of said first-named cavity resonators which are spaced from each other by a distance equal to an integral number of wave length corresponding to said predetermined output frequency.
  • An electron discharge device having a hollow drum-shaped conducing member, a plurality of anode elements of sector-shaped transverse section mounted within said member in spaced relation thereto, whereby the inner wall of said drum-shaped member and the outer surface of said sector-shaped anode elements provide a cavity resonator, said anode element being spaced from each other along radial planes to provide radially-directed slots, the inner ends of said anode elements providing anode segments defining a cathode chamber, a cathode mounted in said chamber, said slots being resonant at the operating frequency of said device.

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US708279A 1942-04-09 1946-11-07 Magnetron Expired - Lifetime US2616063A (en)

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GB4694/42A GB578585A (en) 1942-04-09 1942-04-09 Improvements in magnetrons

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US2616063A true US2616063A (en) 1952-10-28

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GB (1) GB578585A (ru)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933643A (en) * 1954-03-25 1960-04-19 M O Valve Co Ltd Travelling wave magnetrons

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128231A (en) * 1933-10-13 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv High frequency oscillator tube
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
US2364732A (en) * 1940-02-20 1944-12-12 Patelhold Patentverwertung Ultra high frequency generator
US2372193A (en) * 1940-06-05 1945-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Producing and transmitting electromagnetic waves
US2402184A (en) * 1941-05-03 1946-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device contained within wave guides
US2408237A (en) * 1942-03-06 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Tunable magnetron
US2412824A (en) * 1942-06-22 1946-12-17 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2417789A (en) * 1941-12-01 1947-03-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron anode structure
US2542966A (en) * 1940-08-22 1951-02-20 English Electric Valve Co Ltd High-frequency-electrical oscillator

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128231A (en) * 1933-10-13 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv High frequency oscillator tube
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2364732A (en) * 1940-02-20 1944-12-12 Patelhold Patentverwertung Ultra high frequency generator
US2372193A (en) * 1940-06-05 1945-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Producing and transmitting electromagnetic waves
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
US2542966A (en) * 1940-08-22 1951-02-20 English Electric Valve Co Ltd High-frequency-electrical oscillator
US2402184A (en) * 1941-05-03 1946-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device contained within wave guides
US2417789A (en) * 1941-12-01 1947-03-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron anode structure
US2408237A (en) * 1942-03-06 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Tunable magnetron
US2412824A (en) * 1942-06-22 1946-12-17 Gen Electric Magnetron

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933643A (en) * 1954-03-25 1960-04-19 M O Valve Co Ltd Travelling wave magnetrons

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GB578585A (en) 1946-07-04
FR936258A (fr) 1948-07-15
BE469736A (ru)

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