US2615800A - Coated granular explosive composition - Google Patents

Coated granular explosive composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2615800A
US2615800A US23622A US2362248A US2615800A US 2615800 A US2615800 A US 2615800A US 23622 A US23622 A US 23622A US 2362248 A US2362248 A US 2362248A US 2615800 A US2615800 A US 2615800A
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Prior art keywords
dinitropropane
explosives
explosive
weight
water
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US23622A
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Charles D Goodale
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Commercial Solvents Corp
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Commercial Solvents Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
    • C06B45/34—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium

Definitions

  • This'invention relates to-explosive compositions containing water-soluble or hydroscopic com- :pounds. More particularly, it relates to ammonium nitrate compositions of reduced hydro- -scopicity an'd water solubility, and to processes of importance in case the explosive or one of its ingredients is either water soluble or hydroscopic as is the case with ammonium nitrate, explosives .;of the dynamite type, black powder, etc.
  • Ammoinium nitrate in particular is a very extensively used ingredient in present day high explosives of the dynamite type where it has replaced nitroglycerine inincreasinglylarge proportions for a variety of reasons-particularly because it possesses 'high'explosive strength, has outstanding safety properties,:an'd is economically attractive.
  • ammonium nitrate explosives have been used with great success, one disadvantage of this ingredient has always been evident, namely, that it has great aflinity for water. Because of this fact, there is a tendency for explosive compositions high in ammonium nitrate to become hard and set on storage in the presence of even small amounts of moisture. This results in decreased sensitivity of the explosive and a lesser degree of uniformity in performance.
  • the water resistance of ammonium nitrate explosives is generally low because of the presence of this very soluble salt.
  • the 2,2-dinitropropane can be applied to the ammonium nitrate, or other explosives, or ingredients of explosives, in a number of ways with equally satisfactory results and it is understood that I am limited to no particular procedure. Suitable methods which may be mentioned include coating the material to be protected with molten 2,2-dinitropropane (M. P. 50-53 C.), or with a suitable solution thereof, the latter procedure being, in general, both more economical and more easily effected.
  • the 2,2-dinitropropane is readily soluble in such solvents as methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, dioxane, methyl ether of ethylene glycol, nitromethane, Z-nitropropane, benzene, ethylene chloride, acetic acid, and the like, and is somewhat soluble in cyclohexane, ethanol amine, and ethyl ene glycol, but only very slightly soluble in water, caustic solution, petroleum ether, and n-heptane.
  • solvents as methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, dioxane, methyl ether of ethylene glycol, nitromethane, Z-nitropropane, benzene, ethylene chloride, acetic acid, and the like
  • the concentration of -2,2-dinitropropane used in my process will, ofcourse, depend upon the solubility in the particular solvent selected, the method of coating'ernployed, andthe .thickness of coating desirednon the crystals. While the latter may vary rather widely, it is in. general desired to use a solution of sufficient concentration to give a coating amounting from about 0.1% to about5'.0% by weight of the dry ammonium nitrate or other explosives.
  • the lower limit is determinedby the degree of moisture protection desired and the effectiveness of the coating material Wher'eas
  • the upper limit is determined 'by the eifect of the 2,2-dinitropropane upon the particular material beingcoated, and the'relative costs of the -2,2dinitropropane. and the material being coated. Because of the explosive characteristics of 2,2-dinitropropane these-latter factors are in general more importantthan in the case with materials previously, used as ingredients of coatings because of the deleterious effects of these prior art materials on the
  • the protective action of 2,2-dinitropropane may be prolonged by using it in combination with moderate amounts-of materials serving to retard the volatility of the 2,2-dinitropropane, such as, for example, high-boiling, relatively non-volatile liquids, like butyl stearate and dibutyl phthalate or low-melting resins such as rosin and beeswax, Any volatility retarder of such types may be employed providedit is compatible with the 2,2-dinitropropane in the amount used, which is preferably within the range of 5% to based on the weight of the 2,2-dinitropropane.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Description

;number of difierent causes. effect of moisture which becomes of particular Patented Oct. 28, 1952 UNITE :ooA'rEn GRANULAR EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION Charles D..Goodale, Terre Haute, Ind., assignor to Commercial Solvents Corporation, ,Terre Haute, Ind, acorporation of Maryland No Drawing. Application April 27, 1948, Serial No. 23,622
1 2 Claims.
1 This'invention relates to-explosive compositions containing water-soluble or hydroscopic com- :pounds. More particularly, it relates to ammonium nitrate compositions of reduced hydro- -scopicity an'd water solubility, and to processes of importance in case the explosive or one of its ingredients is either water soluble or hydroscopic as is the case with ammonium nitrate, explosives .;of the dynamite type, black powder, etc. Ammoinium nitrate in particular is a very extensively used ingredient in present day high explosives of the dynamite type where it has replaced nitroglycerine inincreasinglylarge proportions for a variety of reasons-particularly because it possesses 'high'explosive strength, has outstanding safety properties,:an'd is economically attractive. While ammonium nitrate explosives have been used with great success, one disadvantage of this ingredient has always been evident, namely, that it has great aflinity for water. Because of this fact, there is a tendency for explosive compositions high in ammonium nitrate to become hard and set on storage in the presence of even small amounts of moisture. This results in decreased sensitivity of the explosive and a lesser degree of uniformity in performance. The water resistance of ammonium nitrate explosives is generally low because of the presence of this very soluble salt.
Numerous attempts have been made in the past to reduce the efiects of moisture on explosives afiected thereby. Altho many attempts which have been made in the past to reduce the effect of moisture on explosives of the above type the efforts have most commonly been directed towards coating the individual particles of the explosive with some waterproofing or water-repellent material such as waxes, cellulose esters, resins, oils, soaps, sodium silicate, and the like. None of these materials has been entirely successful for various reasons. In some cases complete coverage of the particles has not been obtained, in others the coating material is affected 'bysome other constituent of the explosive, and
instill others the coating material has had an undesirable effect upon the explosives by either slowingup or reducing the power of theexplosive.
I have now discovered that water-soluble or *hydroscopic explosives can be satisfactorily pro- .tected from :the effect ofmoisture without the disadvantages ofthe materials previously tried :forthis purposetby coatingthe particles of the explosives or the constituents thereof which are affected. by water with-the compound 2,2-dinitropropane. highly efiective in protecting the ammoniumni- 'trate, Or other explosives, .or ingredients of the explosives, 'fromtheefiectsof moisture possesses This material, iii addition ,to being the highly important property of not materially affecting the explosive characteristics of the materials which have been treated with it. It
has a sensitivity comparable with that of-trivnitrotoluene and does notexplode in=five seconds .at a'temperature of 360 C. and in'300 minutes :at 135.C.. The ballistic power of 2,2-dinitropropane is 123 (T. N. T.=), and while it can be detonated it is relativelystable. When ignited, it burns with a moderately-vigorous'fiame. These properties, therefore, make .-2,2-dinitropropane ideallysuited fortreating: ammonium nitrate or :other water-soluble 0r hydroscopic explosives,
making it resistant to the action of moisture.
The 2,2-dinitropropane can be applied to the ammonium nitrate, or other explosives, or ingredients of explosives, in a number of ways with equally satisfactory results and it is understood that I am limited to no particular procedure. Suitable methods which may be mentioned include coating the material to be protected with molten 2,2-dinitropropane (M. P. 50-53 C.), or with a suitable solution thereof, the latter procedure being, in general, both more economical and more easily effected.
The 2,2-dinitropropane is readily soluble in such solvents as methanol, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, dioxane, methyl ether of ethylene glycol, nitromethane, Z-nitropropane, benzene, ethylene chloride, acetic acid, and the like, and is somewhat soluble in cyclohexane, ethanol amine, and ethyl ene glycol, but only very slightly soluble in water, caustic solution, petroleum ether, and n-heptane.
The particular method of applying the 2,2-dinitropropane in accordance with my invention selected will depend on a number of factors such as the character and cost of the explosive to be treated, the availability and cost of the soldirectly poured over the crystals. In any case,
after contacting the crystals in a solution of 2,2-dinitropropane it is, of course, necessary to remove the solvent by some suitable means such 1 as evaporation, preferably in the manner so as to recover the solvent used. The removal of the solvent then leaves a coating of 2,2-dinitro-propane on the erystals,'the amount of 2,2-dinitropropane coating depending upon the concentration of the solution of .2,2-dinitropro-pane employed.
The concentration of -2,2-dinitropropane used in my process will, ofcourse, depend upon the solubility in the particular solvent selected, the method of coating'ernployed, andthe .thickness of coating desirednon the crystals. While the latter may vary rather widely, it is in. general desired to use a solution of sufficient concentration to give a coating amounting from about 0.1% to about5'.0% by weight of the dry ammonium nitrate or other explosives. The lower limit is determinedby the degree of moisture protection desired and the effectiveness of the coating material Wher'eas the upper limit is determined 'by the eifect of the 2,2-dinitropropane upon the particular material beingcoated, and the'relative costs of the -2,2dinitropropane. and the material being coated. Because of the explosive characteristics of 2,2-dinitropropane these-latter factors are in general more importantthan in the case with materials previously, used as ingredients of coatings because of the deleterious effects of these prior art materials on the explosives.
The protective action of 2,2-dinitropropane may be prolonged by using it in combination with moderate amounts-of materials serving to retard the volatility of the 2,2-dinitropropane, such as, for example, high-boiling, relatively non-volatile liquids, like butyl stearate and dibutyl phthalate or low-melting resins such as rosin and beeswax, Any volatility retarder of such types may be employed providedit is compatible with the 2,2-dinitropropane in the amount used, which is preferably within the range of 5% to based on the weight of the 2,2-dinitropropane.
Now having described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:
1. A hydroscopic, Water-soluble explosive in granular form coated with a mixture comprising at least about 0.1% by Weight of 2,2-dinitropropane based on the weight of said explosive and from about 5 to 30% of a high-boiling, relatively non-volatile liquid, based on the weight of said 2,2-dinitropropane, said liquid being inert to and compatible with said 2,2-dinitropropane.
2.- Ammonium nitrate in granular form coated with'a mixture comprising atleastabout 0.1% by weight of 2,2-dinitropropane based on the Weight of said ammonium nitrateand from about 5 to 30% of a, high-boiling, relatively non-volatile liquid, based on the weight of said 2,2-dinitropropane, said liquid being inert to and compatible with said 2,2-dinitropropane.
, CHARLES D. GOODAIE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of reco'rd in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENT OTHER. REFERENCES I Hass et al., The Nitroparaffinsj Chem.
. Reviews, vol. 32, pp. 386-388, June 1943,

Claims (1)

1. A HYDROSCOPIC, WATER-SOLUBLE EXPLOSIVE IN GRANULAR FORM COATED WITH A MIXTURE COMPRISING AT LEAST ABOUT 0.1% BY WEIGHT OF 2,2-DINITROPROPANE BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID EXPLOSIVE AND FROM ABOT 5 TO 30% OF A HIGH-BOILING, RELATIVELY NON-VOLATILE LIQUID, BASE ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID 2,2-DINITROPROPANE, SAID LIQUID BEING INERT TO AND COMPATIBLE WITH SAID 2,2-DINITROPROPANE.
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1055415B (en) * 1956-06-11 1959-04-16 Du Pont Water-resistant, grainy explosive based on inorganic nitrates
DE1055414B (en) * 1956-07-19 1959-04-16 Du Pont Water-resistant, grainy explosive based on inorganic nitrates
US3133844A (en) * 1961-11-17 1964-05-19 Aerojet General Co Ammonium nitrate explosives containing nitroalkanes
DE1180294B (en) * 1961-11-17 1964-10-22 Aerojet General Co Explosive mixture
US3356544A (en) * 1966-05-05 1967-12-05 Hercules Inc Inorganic oxidizer salt aqueous blasting compositions containing a nitroparaffin
US3415758A (en) * 1960-03-09 1968-12-10 Ncr Co Process of forming minute capsules en masse
US3459607A (en) * 1966-05-12 1969-08-05 Thiokol Chemical Corp High-energy propellant
US6345577B1 (en) 2000-09-27 2002-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Energetic deterrent coating for gun propellant
FR2840604A1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2003-12-12 Royal Ordnance Plc DESENSITIZATION OF ENERGY MATERIALS

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US506032A (en) * 1893-10-03 Ments
US745802A (en) * 1902-06-10 1903-12-01 Lazar Edeleanu Nitro product.
US987079A (en) * 1908-01-10 1911-03-14 Harry East Miller Moisture-proofing hygroscopic powder materials.
US1276537A (en) * 1916-09-21 1918-08-20 Palmer Perchlorate Powder Company Of Canada Ltd Explosive.
US1627863A (en) * 1924-12-01 1927-05-10 Western Cartridge Co Explosive powder and process of making same
US1648861A (en) * 1924-03-08 1927-11-08 Du Pont Waterproofing composition and method of producing the same
US1700085A (en) * 1924-11-29 1929-01-22 Mexco Ltd Explosive
US2325064A (en) * 1940-06-29 1943-07-27 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive composition
US2338120A (en) * 1940-06-29 1944-01-04 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive composition

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US506032A (en) * 1893-10-03 Ments
US745802A (en) * 1902-06-10 1903-12-01 Lazar Edeleanu Nitro product.
US987079A (en) * 1908-01-10 1911-03-14 Harry East Miller Moisture-proofing hygroscopic powder materials.
US1276537A (en) * 1916-09-21 1918-08-20 Palmer Perchlorate Powder Company Of Canada Ltd Explosive.
US1648861A (en) * 1924-03-08 1927-11-08 Du Pont Waterproofing composition and method of producing the same
US1700085A (en) * 1924-11-29 1929-01-22 Mexco Ltd Explosive
US1627863A (en) * 1924-12-01 1927-05-10 Western Cartridge Co Explosive powder and process of making same
US2325064A (en) * 1940-06-29 1943-07-27 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive composition
US2338120A (en) * 1940-06-29 1944-01-04 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Explosive composition

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1055415B (en) * 1956-06-11 1959-04-16 Du Pont Water-resistant, grainy explosive based on inorganic nitrates
DE1055414B (en) * 1956-07-19 1959-04-16 Du Pont Water-resistant, grainy explosive based on inorganic nitrates
US3415758A (en) * 1960-03-09 1968-12-10 Ncr Co Process of forming minute capsules en masse
US3133844A (en) * 1961-11-17 1964-05-19 Aerojet General Co Ammonium nitrate explosives containing nitroalkanes
DE1180294B (en) * 1961-11-17 1964-10-22 Aerojet General Co Explosive mixture
US3356544A (en) * 1966-05-05 1967-12-05 Hercules Inc Inorganic oxidizer salt aqueous blasting compositions containing a nitroparaffin
US3459607A (en) * 1966-05-12 1969-08-05 Thiokol Chemical Corp High-energy propellant
FR2840604A1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2003-12-12 Royal Ordnance Plc DESENSITIZATION OF ENERGY MATERIALS
US20040221934A1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2004-11-11 Royal Ordnance Plc. Desensitisation of energetic materials
US20110108171A1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2011-05-12 Bae Systems Land Systems (Munitions & Ordnance) Limited Desensitisation of energetic materials
US6345577B1 (en) 2000-09-27 2002-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Energetic deterrent coating for gun propellant

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