US2611870A - Directive antenna system - Google Patents

Directive antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2611870A
US2611870A US722440A US72244047A US2611870A US 2611870 A US2611870 A US 2611870A US 722440 A US722440 A US 722440A US 72244047 A US72244047 A US 72244047A US 2611870 A US2611870 A US 2611870A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
radiant energy
source
lens system
plates
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US722440A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clavier Andre Gabriel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL138294D priority Critical patent/NL138294C/xx
Priority to BE479578D priority patent/BE479578A/xx
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Priority to US722440A priority patent/US2611870A/en
Priority to CH280689D priority patent/CH280689A/fr
Priority to GB1368/48A priority patent/GB660788A/en
Priority to FR967358D priority patent/FR967358A/fr
Priority to ES0182081A priority patent/ES182081A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2611870A publication Critical patent/US2611870A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/14—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying the relative position of primary active element and a refracting or diffracting device

Definitions

  • This invention relates to directive radio transmitters, and particularly to rotating directive radio transmitters provided with a, lens system for producing a desired directivity pattern.
  • Various directive transmitters such as radio beacon systems are in use today providing a lens system for controlling the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves for producing desired directivity patterns. Where a high speed rotating ultra high frequency beam is desired, it has been necessary that the radiator and lens system be rotated for .scanning purposes.
  • the present invention employs a fixed outer lens structure within which a rotary movable central radiating system is mounted whereby higher angular speeds are possible.
  • a rotatable source of ultra high frequency radiant energy having a predetermined relatively fixed lens structure surrounding the source of rotating energy, the formation of the lens structure controlling the phase of the propagated wave-fronts, and accordingly the beam shape of the energy in one planar coordinate.
  • the central rotating radiator is provided, with a predetermined lens structure for providing additional control of the phase of the propagated wave-fronts in another coordinate to define a pencil beam.
  • Figure 1 illustrates in perspective an electromagnetic horn for directing radiant energy through a phase velocity lens system, according to my invention
  • Figure 2 is a sketch used in describing phase velocity control of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane
  • Figure 3 is a sketch used in describing compensating phase velocity control of electromagnetic waves for producing a desired directivity pattern of radiated energy.
  • Figure 1 is a radio beam system comprising a source of radiant energy I and means 2 for directing the radiant energy through a phase velocity lens system 3.
  • a motor 4 is provided for rotating the source of radiant energy and the directing means to produce a, rotating beam.
  • radiant energy leaving source I and directed by the radiator 2 into space has a phase curvature of the wave-front, due to the divergence of the waves.
  • a lens 3 which consists of a plurality of metallic plane surfaces, properly shaped, so that if the beam energy passes therebetween, divergence and consequent curvature may be corrected for in a given plane. For example, with vertically polarized energy, the planes will extend vertically and produce an equiphase or parallel wave-front in the vertical plane.
  • the vertical correcting apparatus may comprise a plurality of plates 5, Figure 1, arranged in a circle having an axial diameter sufliciently large compared with the wave-length of the radiant energy frequency in air so that two adjacent metallic plates may be considered as substantially parallel at the points where the beams passes therebetween.
  • the spacing between the plates determines the phase velocity of the waves transmitted therebetween for the particular operating frequency.
  • Retaining rings 6 may be used to maintain the plates in place.
  • This height, as well as the horizontal width of the rotating horn, is determined by the sharpness of the beam which it is intended to produce.
  • the area A of the fictitious equiphase tangent plane which acts as a sending electromagnetic radiator is substantially related to the gain in the direction of the axis of the beam by the following equation:
  • G is the gain in power compared with the power received in the equatorial plane of a halfwave antenna
  • K is a numerical factor which is the order of 4
  • A is the wavelength at the system operating frequency.
  • the width of the beam in degrees B between half-power points, and the gain are related substantially in such cases by a semi-empirical law such as:
  • D for a 5,000 megacycle per second wave and a beam width of 5 degrees, D, according to the formula, would be equal to 96 cm.
  • the construction of the central horn may require careful attention as to the design of the rotating point, and the whole structure corrected experimentally to achieve the nicety of results required.
  • the shape of the outer surrounding section, acting as a phase velocity lens may be of almost any volumnar configuration. For example, in case the beam is required to be sent upwards instead of horizontally, a similar arrangement, but conical instead of cylindrical can be used.
  • the idea of the central compensating device may .be extended to other types of fixed internal structures, derived for instance, from a horn or parabolic shape by rotation around the vertical axis of the ystem.
  • the vertical correcting apparatus may comprise a plurality of plates arranged in spaced relation from the central radiator and from each other and having substantially any configuration, the space relations being such that the blades are substantially parallel at the points where the beam passes therebetween.
  • the radiators may be then provided with a horizontal compensating arrangement.
  • the radiating cone itself is of relatively small dimension and may be easily rotated, also, since correction for curvature of the wave is provided in both the vertical and horizontal, a substantially parallel beam of sharpness dependent upon the correcting effect is provided.
  • a directive radio system comprising a central source of radiant energy, said central energy source comprising a rotating horn for forming said radiant energy into a beam, a fixed lens system surrounding said rotating horn for controlling the .phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, said lens system comprising a plurality of plane, metallic plates arranged in a circle of an axial diameter sufiiciently large compared with the wavelength of the radiant energy so that two adjacent metallic plates may be considered as having substantially parallel surfaces where the beam passes therebetween, each of said surfaces being aligned substantially parallel to the respective directions of radiant energy propagation thereby for providing an equl-phase of the radiant energy outside of said surrounding lens system after passage of the radiant energy between said plates.
  • a directive radio system comprising a source of radiant energy, means for rotatably directing the energy of said source comprising a rotatable horn in the form of a first lens system coupled to said source for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, a second relatively fixed lens system extending about said source and said horn over a predetermined angular position of are for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, said first and second lens systems respectively comprising first and second spaced, plane, me-
  • each of said first and second metallic surfaces extending radially with respect to said source, whereby the energy from said source is passed between adjacent surfaces of said first and second lens systems, respectively, for producing a desired directively pattern of the radiant energy, said lens systems comprising predetermined lengths of said first and second surfaces in the direction of the radii of said are.
  • a directive radio system comprising a source of radiant energy, said source comprising a rotatable horn in the form of a lens system for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, a second relatively fixed lens system surrounding said source for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, said second lens system comprising substantially plane, metallic plates arranged around a circle concentric with said source. the surfaces of said plates extending along diiferent radii of said circle and having different predetermined widths along the length perpendicular to said radii, said first lens system comprising metallic plates extending along different radii of said circle, said first and second lens system producing a desired directivity pattern of the radiant energy.
  • a directive radio system comprising a source of radiant energy, said energy source comprising a rotatable born for forming the radiant energy into a beam, a fixed lens system surrounding said rotatable horn for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, said lens system comprising a plurality of substantially plane, metallic plates arranged in a circle concentric with said horn and having an axial diameter sufficiently large compared with the wavelength of the radiant energy so that adjacent metallic plates may be considered as substantially parallel where the beam passes therebetween, each of said plates being aligned substantially parallel to its respective direction of radiant energy propagation and having predetermined lengths in the direction of radiant energy propagation thereby for providing an equiphase of the radiant energy outside of said surrounding lens system after passage of the radiant energy between said plates.
  • a directive radio system comprising a sourceof radiant energy, said energy source comprising a rotatable horn for forming said radiant energy into a beam, a fixed lens system extending about said horn and said source over a predetermined angular portion of are for controlling the phase velocity of the radiated electromagnetic waves, means for rotatably directing the energy of said source toward said lens system for passage therethrough comprising said horn coupled to said source, said fixed lens system comprising a plurality of spaced, substantially plane, metallic surfaces arranged in a circle concentric with said source and having an axial diameter sufliciently large compared with the wavelength of the radiant energy so that two adjacent metallic surfaces may be considered as substantially parallel where the beam passes therebetween, each of said surfaces being aligned substantially parallel to its respective direction of radiant energy propagation and having different predetermined widths in the direction perpendicular to the plane of said circle for providing an equi-phase of the radiant energy outside of said surrounding lens system.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US722440A 1947-01-16 1947-01-16 Directive antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2611870A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL138294D NL138294C (xx) 1947-01-16
BE479578D BE479578A (xx) 1947-01-16
US722440A US2611870A (en) 1947-01-16 1947-01-16 Directive antenna system
CH280689D CH280689A (fr) 1947-01-16 1948-01-13 Emetteur radioélectrique dirigé.
GB1368/48A GB660788A (en) 1947-01-16 1948-01-16 Directive antenna system
FR967358D FR967358A (fr) 1947-01-16 1948-01-16 émetteurs radioélectriques dirigés
ES0182081A ES182081A1 (es) 1947-01-16 1948-02-05 Un sistema de antena dirigida

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US722440A US2611870A (en) 1947-01-16 1947-01-16 Directive antenna system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2611870A true US2611870A (en) 1952-09-23

Family

ID=24901844

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US722440A Expired - Lifetime US2611870A (en) 1947-01-16 1947-01-16 Directive antenna system

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2611870A (xx)
BE (1) BE479578A (xx)
CH (1) CH280689A (xx)
ES (1) ES182081A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR967358A (xx)
GB (1) GB660788A (xx)
NL (1) NL138294C (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795783A (en) * 1953-08-19 1957-06-11 Allen S Dunbar Microwave lens antenna
US2836820A (en) * 1955-01-04 1958-05-27 Itt Omnirange beacon antenna
US2945228A (en) * 1953-08-21 1960-07-12 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Antenna having two focusing elements
CN101304122B (zh) * 2008-07-02 2011-06-15 南京大学 线源定向辐射增强装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111541028A (zh) * 2020-05-14 2020-08-14 北京高信达通信科技股份有限公司 一种有源天线和制造方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1904901A (en) * 1931-04-04 1933-04-18 Harry W Lawrence Electric light fixture
US2075808A (en) * 1930-11-21 1937-04-06 Robert A Fliess Method and apparatus for observing bodies through opaque substances
US2223224A (en) * 1939-06-24 1940-11-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio speed and drift indicator
US2231929A (en) * 1937-04-29 1941-02-18 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Tridimensional radio direction indicator
US2288177A (en) * 1938-11-03 1942-06-30 James M Bailey Floodlight
US2354665A (en) * 1942-06-22 1944-08-01 Joseph H Church Method for protecting against attacking aircraft
US2442951A (en) * 1944-05-27 1948-06-08 Rca Corp System for focusing and for directing radio-frequency energy
US2460401A (en) * 1941-11-28 1949-02-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive microwave radio antenna

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2075808A (en) * 1930-11-21 1937-04-06 Robert A Fliess Method and apparatus for observing bodies through opaque substances
US1904901A (en) * 1931-04-04 1933-04-18 Harry W Lawrence Electric light fixture
US2231929A (en) * 1937-04-29 1941-02-18 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Tridimensional radio direction indicator
US2288177A (en) * 1938-11-03 1942-06-30 James M Bailey Floodlight
US2223224A (en) * 1939-06-24 1940-11-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio speed and drift indicator
US2460401A (en) * 1941-11-28 1949-02-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive microwave radio antenna
US2354665A (en) * 1942-06-22 1944-08-01 Joseph H Church Method for protecting against attacking aircraft
US2442951A (en) * 1944-05-27 1948-06-08 Rca Corp System for focusing and for directing radio-frequency energy

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795783A (en) * 1953-08-19 1957-06-11 Allen S Dunbar Microwave lens antenna
US2945228A (en) * 1953-08-21 1960-07-12 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Antenna having two focusing elements
US2836820A (en) * 1955-01-04 1958-05-27 Itt Omnirange beacon antenna
CN101304122B (zh) * 2008-07-02 2011-06-15 南京大学 线源定向辐射增强装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR967358A (fr) 1950-11-02
ES182081A1 (es) 1948-03-16
NL138294C (xx)
BE479578A (xx)
GB660788A (en) 1951-11-14
CH280689A (fr) 1952-01-31

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