US2608955A - Valve actuating apparatus for actuating valves of steam engines, locomotives, or thelike - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 2, 1952 J, o 2,608,955

VALVE ACTUATING APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES, LOCOMOTIVES, OR fIHE LIKE 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Filed April 5, 1948 wt m A a lNVENTOR THDMAEI J. HDY.

WTORNEY l 2,608,955 TING VALVES OF THE 1.:

p 1952 T. J. HOY

VALVE ACTUATING APPARATUS FOR ACTUA EAM ENGINES, LOCOMOTIVES, QR KB 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 INVENTOR THIJMA5 .J. HEIY.

- ATTORNEY ST Filed April 5, 1948 Patentecl Sept. 2, 1952 VALVE ACTUATING APPARATUS FOR ACTU- ATING VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES, LO- COMOTIVES, OR THE LIKE Thomas J. Hoy, Newark, N. J.

Application April 5, 1948, Serial No. 18,990

14 Claims. 1

This invention relates to valves and valve gear for steam locomotives, reciprocating steam engines and the like and more particularly to admission of steam to and exhausting of steam from the power cylinder or cylinders thereof.

The present invention provides apparatus through which the rate of flow of steam to and the rate of flow of steam from the power cylinder or power cylinders of a steam locomotive, reciprocating steam engine or the like is controlled in relationship to each other at a predetermined rate. a

The invention further provides a reciprocating steam engine, locomotive or the like having separate admission and separate exhaust valves operated by the same combination lever of a valve gear and in which the arrangement of said valves and actuating mechanism therefor is such that the intake and exhaust valves are actuated in relationship to one another to provide an increased duration of expansion of the steam on each piston stroke and a greater duration of time for steam to flow from the cylinder on each stroke of the piston.

The invention will be understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof and in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention showing a locomotive cylinder and intake valve therefor taken on the line l--l of Fig. 5 and illustrating diagrammatically the connection of the combination lever for actuating the intake valve to the valve gear and the connection of the piston to the driving apparatus of the locomotive;

Fig. 2 is a view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 5 illustrating the exhaust valve of the locomotive and is similar to Fig. 1 but omits the diagrammatic showing of the valve and piston connections;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the combination lever taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a side view taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 taken on the line 55 of Fig. 2 but with the valves and bushings removed from the piston valve cylinders;

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic transverse sectional view showing the present invention as applied to poppet valves, and

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional'view showing the poppet valve actuating mechanism.

Like characters of reference refer to like parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, the reference character I5 designates a housing having a live steam chest l6 extending longitudinally therein in the upper part and at one side thereof. An exhaust steam chamber I1 is also positioned within the upper part of the housing andextends longitudinally thereof. The longitudinal axis [0 of the live steam chest I6 and the longitudinal axis ll of the exhaust steam chamber I1 extend parallel to one another but in diiferent horizontal planes. As shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 2, the longitudinal axis l0 of the live steam chest extends in a horizontal plane in the housing l5 which is at a lower elevation than the horizontal plane in which the longitudinal axis l l of the exhaust steam chamber l1 extends.

The steam chest I 6 and chamber I! are disposed above a cylinder l8 having a bushing l9 therein and are separated therefrom by a dividing wall 20 (Fig. 6) which, as shown, is an integral part of the housing. The chest l6, chamber l1 and cylinder I8 all extend longitudinally of the housing [5. The live steam chest [6 is in communication at one end thereof with the adjacent end of the cylinder l8 through a port 21 in the upper part of the bushing IQ of cylinder [8 (Fig. 5), the port 2| in turn communicating with a circumferential groove 22 in the peripheral wall of the steam chest through a transverse passage 23 in the housing [5 (Fig. l) and a plurality of ports 24 in a bushing 25, hereinafter described, in the steam chest. At the opposite end thereof, as shown in Fig. 1, the chest I6 is in communication with cylinder IB through a port 26 in the upper part of the bushing [9 of cylinder 18, the port 26, like the port 2|, communicating with a circumferential groove 2! in the peripheral wall of the chest l6 through a passage 28 similar to the passage 23 and a plurality of ports 29 in a bushing 38 in the steam chest. ,The opposite ends of the chest I6 have circumferential ofi'set end portions 3|] and 3| respectively of greater diameter than the remainder of the cylinder. A steam inlet passage 32 extends longitudinally Within the peripheral wall of the chest H5 at the upper part thereof and at opposite ends communicates with the offset portions 30 and 3| and centrally thereof communicates with a steam inlet pipe 33. A centrally disposed steam distributing passage 34 (Fig. 1) extends circumferen-. tially of the steam chest It in the peripheral wall thereof andis in communication with the interior of the chest at points centrally of the opposite ends of the chest through an inlet port 35 at the top of the chest and another inlet port 36 at the bottom of the chest.

The steam chest 16 has cylindrically-shaped bushings and 38 secured therein at opposite ends thereof said bushings being spaced apart to form a space therebetween in the central portion 39 of the chest. The bushings'25 and 38 overhang the offset portions and 3| respectively and have spaced inlet ports 40 and 4! in them respectively. The inlet ports 40 and 4| communicate respectively with the offset portion 30 and 3 i.

Admission piston valves 42 and 43 slidably engage the inner periphery of the bushings 25 and 38 and are sealed against leakage by piston rings 44 and 45. on a valve stem 46 and held in spaced relationship to one another by a sleeve 41. The outer peripheries of the valves-42 and 43 are concave as shown at 52, Fig. 1, the concave surface extending longitudinally of the valve from closely adjacent one end to closely adjacent the-opposite end thereof. The width of the piston valves is such that they will, during a cycle of their movement, overlap the ports 24 and 29 respectively to prevent steam from entering said ports and thereafter will respectively bring the ports 24 and 4D and 25 and 4! into communication through the concave portions 52 respectively of each of the valves while at the same time bringing the central portion 39 of the steam chest into communication with the passages 22 and 21 and with the ports 24 and 29. The spacing of the valves 42 and 43 on the stem 46 and the extent of the reciprocal movement of the stem is such that when the valve 42 overlaps the port 24 the valve 43 is so positioned that the ports 29 are in communication with the central portion 39 of the chest. Also, at this position, ports 29, groove 2'1, passage 28 and port 26 are in communication through the concave portion 52 of the valve 43 and when the valve 43 is so positioned as to overlap the port 29, the valve 42 is in such position that the ports 2 I, passage 23', groove 22 and ports 24 are in communication through the concave portion 52 of valve 42 with the offset end portion 3| and also in communication with the central portion 39.

The exhaust chamber l1 (Fig. 2) is at a higher elevation than steam chest [6 and is surrounded by a peripheral wall 54 the end portions of which wall are of lesser diameter than the central portion to thereby form opposite end portions 55 and 56 which are of lesser diameter than the central portion 51. The central portion 51 has an outlet port 58 through the side wall thereof while the end portion 55 and the end portion 55 have exhaust ports 59 and 60 respectively through said side wall. The exhaust ports 59, 59. and Steam communicate with a separate exhaust outlet conduit such as conduit 6|, shown in Fig. 6, which outlet conduits terminate in a single conduit, not shown.

Cylindrically-shaped bushings 62 and 63 are secured in spaced relationship to one another in the exhaust chamber I! adjacent opposite ends of the chamber. The bushings overhang into the central portion 51 of the chamber l1 and have a plurality of ports through the overhanging portions, the bushing 62 having ports 53 therethrough while bushing 53 has ports 64 therethrough. The bushing 62 also has ports 65 extending therethrough and spaced-from ports 53, the ports 65 being in communication with a cir- The valves are fixedly mounted,

cumferential groove 55 in the inner peripheral wall of the chamber i1 and transverse passage 28 which passage in turn communicates with exhaust port 6'! through the bushing [9 of cylinder 18 at the top thereof while ports 68 of bushing 63 are in communication with the circumferential groove 69 in the inner peripheral wall of the chamber [1 which groove communicates with forward exhaust port T0 in the bushing [9 of cylinder [3 at the upper part thereof through the transverse passage 23.

Exhaust piston valves H and 12 are slidably mounted for reciprocal movement in the bushings 62 and 63 in chamber I! and are sealed against leakage by piston rings 13 and 14. The valves are fixedly mounted on valve stem '15 and held in spaced relationship to one another on the piston rod by a sleeve i5. These valves are cylindrically-shaped and the outer peripheries of the valves are concave, as shown at '11 and 11, Fig. 2, the concave surface extending longitudinally of the valve from closely adjacent one end thereof to closely adjacent the other end. The width of the piston valves is such that they will, during a cycle of their movement, overlap the ports 65 and 56 respectively, preventing steam from exhausting from the cylinder 58 through said ports and thereafter. will respectively bring the ports 6 5 and 53 and 54 and 63 into communication through the concave portions 11 and TI. The spacing of the valves H and 12 on the stem-15 and the extent of the reciprocal movement of the stem is such that when the valve H overlaps the ports 65 and 53 the valve '[2 is sov positioned that the ports 88 communicate with the end zone 56 and also with the central portion 5'! through the ports 68 and 64 and, likewise, when the valve 12 overlaps the ports 64 and 68 steam will exhaust from the cylinder l 3 through the port 67, passage 28 and ports 65 into the end portion 55 and also into the central portion 5'! through the ports 65, concave portion 11 and port 53. i

The cylinder it has a piston '18 slidably mounted therein for reciprocal movement, piston 18 being sealed against leakage by piston rings 19.

Piston 18 has a forward surface ti) and a rearward surface 8| and is fixedly mounted on the piston rod 92.

Admission piston valves 42 and 43 and exhaust piston valves 1! and T2 are reciprocated longitudinally within live steam chest I6 and exhaust chamber I? through valve stems 46 and 15 respectively. The valve stems, as shown, are operated from valve gear including a single Walschaert link, not shown, which transmits movement from a locomotive crank'pin to operate radius rod 83, Figs. 1, 3 and 4, which is pivotally connected by pivot pin 54 to the tip of a combination lever 85.

As shown more particularly in- Fig. 3, the combination lever has a yoke portion 86 disposed below the point of connection of the radius rod 83' with said combination lever. The yoke section '86 comprises arms 8! and 88 formed integrally therewith and offset laterally on opposite sides thereof. The arms 81 and 88 are spaced apart and extend parallel with the main body of the lever. The bottom of combination lever is pivotally connected to a union link 89 which link is connected at the opposite end thereof to a cross-head 90 (Fig. 1). The cross-head moves alonga horizontally extending guide yoke BI and is reciprocated therein by movement of piston rod 92 which rod is connected at opposite ends thereof to piston 18 and cross-head 9D respectively. The cross-head is also connected to drive shaft 93 of the locomotive.

Admission valve stem 46 is attached at one endto a clevis guide block 94. The arms 94' and 94" of the clevis extend on opposite sides of arm 81 of yoke 86 and are connected by a cross-piece 94a. The clevis 94 is pivotally mounted in relationship to arm 81 bymeans of pin 95. Guide block 94 has reciprocal horizontal movement in a guideway 96.

*Exhaust valve stem 15 is attached at one end to a-clevis guide block 91 having arms 91' and 91" pivotally mounted on pin 82 which extends through arm 88 of yoke 86. The arms 91' and 91'" extend on opposite sides of yoke arm 88 and are joined by a cross-piece similar to cross-piece 94a of guide block 94. As shown, the guideblock 91 is attached to arm 88 at a higher elevation than guide block 94 is attached to arm 81. Clevis guide block 91 also has reciprocal horizontal movement in guideway 98 which guideway is positioned at a higher elevation than guideway 96. Admission valve stem 46 is keyed to crosspiece 94a of clevis 94 by a key 89 while exhaust valve stem 15 is likewise keyed to the cross-piece of 'clevis guide block 91.

In operation, the admission steam piston valves 42 and 43 and the exhaust piston valves 1| and 12 are actuated by the operation of radius rod 83 which is pivotally connected to the top of combination'lever 85. Reciprocal movement is imparted to radius rod 83 by any well-known type of valve gear, for example, a Walschaert valve gear, not shown, having a single link block. The

valve gear is operated by the drive wheels of a locomotive which reciprocates the combination lever 85 through radius rod 83 and cross-head 99 by union link 89. Movement of the combination lever 85 causes clevises 94 and 91 to slide backwardly and forwardly in a horizontal plane in guideways 96 and 98 thereby imparting reciprocal movement to valve stems 46 and 15 and actuating intake valves 42 and 43 and exhaust valves 1| and 12. i

As shown more particularly in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the fulcrum or pivot point for combination lever 85 to provide the desired amount of lapand-lead movement for the admission valves 42 and 43 and exhaust valves 1| and 12 is pivot pin 84 which pivotally connects radius rod 83 and the top of combination lever 85. Since the connection of the exhaust valve stem 15 to arm 88 of combination lever 85 through clevis 91 is at a higher elevation-on lever 85 or closer to pivot point 84 than the connection of admission valve stem 46' to arm 81 of lever 85, the movement imparted to exhaustvalves 1| and 12 when combination lever is pivoted on pivot pin 84 is less than the movementimparted to admission valves 42: and 43. The greater movement of the admission valves in relationship to the exhaust valves results in an earlier closure of the admission valves. and a later closure of the exhaust valves which results in an increase in the duration of steam expansion on each piston stroke and an increase in the duration of steam exhausting from the cylinder on each piston stroke.

As is usual in the operation of such admission and .exhaust valves, the valves are so actuated in relationship to one another that when steam is admitted to the cylinder at one end thereof to move the piston toward the opposite end of the cylinder, steam will be exhausted through For example, when thepiston 18 is positioned at the extentof its movement to the right, Fig; l, admission valve 42 will be actuated into its opened position so that steam from thesteam conduit 33 will then flow through inlet port 35 (Fig. 1) into central .portion .39 thence through .ports 24 and groove 22 into transverse passage 23 whence'the steam passes through ports 2| and 10 in the bushing I9 in cylinder |8 into said end of the cylinder at the right; Steam from inlet port 35 also flows into the cylinder through passages 32 into end portion 39, thence into ports 46 thereafter to flow through the concave passage 52. in the periphery ofthe valve into and through the ports'24. From ports 24, the steam flows together with steam flowing into the ports 24 directly from the central portion 39, as aforesaid, into the transverse passage 23 then to the cylinder through ports 2| and 10. The steam flows into cylinder |8 through said ports to move the piston 18 to the left, Fig. 1. As the piston moves tothe left, admission piston valve 43 is closed in which position valve 43 over laps the ports 29 so that steam is not permitted to enter the ports 29 from passage 28 and port 26 at the end of the cylinder I8 opposite that at which the port 2| is positioned. Also, when the cylinder is at its extreme right hand position the exhaust valves H and 12 are moved into their closed position so that the valve 12 overlaps the ports 68 thereby preventing the exhausting of steam from the cylinder through ports 68 from passage 23 and ports 2| and 10, while exhaust valve 1| is so positioned that ports 61 and 26 are in communication with the end zone 55 through transverse passage 28, groove 66 and ports 65, whence the steam is exhausted from said end zone 55 through port 59. Steam from ports 61, 26 and passage 28 also passes from ports 65 through concave passage 11 and ports 53 into central zone 51 whence the steam is exhausted through outlet port 58.

When the piston 18 reaches a point short of the full extent of its movement to the left, Fig. 1, the combination lever pivots on pivot pin 84 in a clockwise direction moving the admission valve stem 46 to a greater extent than exhaust valve stem 15 since exhaust valve stem is connected to combination lever 85 at a point closer to pivot pin 84 than is admission valve stem 46. Thusly, the admissions valves are more quickly moved to such a position that valve 42 overlaps ports 24, thereby preventing further steam from entering cylinder l8, then exhaust valve 1| is moved to a position wherein said exhaust valve overlaps ports 61 to prevent steam from exhausting therethrough into transverse passage 28 and port 61. When exhaust valve 1| reaches its closed posi-' tion, exhaust valve 12 is in its opened position so that the ports 19 and 2| are in communication through transverse passage 23 and ports 68 with the end portion 56 of the exhaust chamber and with the central portion 51 thereof through ports 64 and concave portion 11 in the periphery of the valve. Steam from end portion 56 and central portion 51 is exhausted through outlet ports 69 and 58 respectively. At the same time, admission valve 43 is moved into its opened position to thereby permit steam from the steam conduit 33 to flow through ports 35 and 36 into central por tion 39, then through ports 29 and groove 21 into transverse passage 28 whence it passes into the cylinder l8 through ports 26 and 61. Steam also will flow through passage 32 into end portion 3|, thence through ports 4|, concave portion 52 and ports 29 into passage 28 whence it flows through ports 26 and 61 with the steam from central portion 39 as aforesaid.

JIn'the embodiment. of the invention shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the admission valve stem 46 is adapted to actuate admission poppet valves I00 while the exhaust valve stem 15 is adapted to actuate exhaust poppet valves 10!. .The admission valve stem is connected to arm 81 of combinae tion lever 85 andthe exhaust valve stem 15 is connected to arm 83 as shown in Fig. 3 as hereinbefore described iniconnection with the operation of admission iston valves El and 42 and exhaustpiston valves H and shown in-Figs. 1 and 2. The operation of the poppet valves is similar to the operation of said piston valves, the admission poppet valves having an early closure and the exhaust poppet valves having a later closure in relationship to the admission poppet valves thereby resulting in an increase in the duration of" steam expansion on each piston stroke and an increase in the durationof steam exhausting from the cylinder on each piston stroke.

While the various valve constructions of the present invention have been shown and described as controlling the fiow of steam into and the flow'of steam exhausted from the power cylinder of a steam locomotive, reciprocating steam engine or the like, it will be understood that said valves may be used for controlling the flow of a fluid in general.

Changes may be made in the form, location and arrangement of the several parts of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the principles of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited excepting by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with a piston positioned'in the cylinder for reciprocal movement, means providing, separate cylindrically-shaped steam admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said longitudinal axes of the chambers being adjacent one another but in different parallel planes, each of. said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke of the piston, an admission piston valve operable in the steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston valve operable in the exhaust steam chamher, said valves respectively being adapted to control the passage of steam from the admission chamber to the cylinder and the passage of steam from the cylinder to the exhaust chamber, a lever arranged for reciprocal movement in the planeof the longitudinal axis thereof towardand away irorn' said steam chambers, a pivot on which the lever is rotatively mounted, the pivot being disposed so that said lever also has pivotal movement on an axis transverse to its longitudinal axis, actuating means connected to the lever and adapted to impart said reciprocal and said pivotal movement thereto, the intake valve having a valve stem connected to said lever so that the lever actuates said intake valve, and the exhaust valve having another valve stem connected to said lever so that the lever actuates the exhaust valve, said valve stems being so connected to the lever that each of said stems is ac uated om. p n a d f n d s anc fr m niv t- 2. Ina-reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the-like having a cylinder with a piston posi-. tioned in the cylinder for reciprocal movement, ans p ovidin s a a v dr l -sha e steam admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said longitudinal axes of the chambers being adjacent one another but in different parallel planes; each of said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke of the piston, an admission piston valve operable in the steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston valve operable in the exhaust steam chamber, said valves respectively being adapted to control thepassage of steam from the admission chamber to the cylinder and the passage of steam from the cylinder to the exhaust chamber, a lever arranged for reciprocal movement in the plane of the longitudinal axis thereof toward and away from said steam chambers, a pivot on which the lever is rctatively mounted, the pivot being disposed so that said lever also has pivotal movement on an axis transverse to its longitudinal axis, actuating means connected to the lever and adapted to impart said reciprocal and said pivotal movement thereto, said intake valve having an intake valve actuating stem connected to said lever so that the lever actuates the intake valve, and said exhaust valve having an exhaust valve actuating stem connected to said lever so that the lever actuates the exhaust valve, said exhaust valve stem being connected to the lever at a point nearer the pivot than is the intake valve stem.

3. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with a substantially horizontally extending longitudinal axis and a piston positioned therein for reciprocal movement, means providing separate cylindricallyshaped steam admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said chambers being at the same side of the cylinder and positioned adjacent one another with the longitudinal axes thereof parallel to one another but in different horizontal planes, each of said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke of the piston, an admission piston valve operable in the =steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston I valve operable in the exhaust steam chamber, said valves respectively being adapted to control the passage of steam from the admission chamber to the cylinder and the passage of steam from the cylinder to the exhaust chamber, a substantially vertically extending lever, mounting means for said lever arranged to permit reciprocalmovemerit thereof in a vertical plane toward and away from said steam chambers, a pivot on which the lever is rotatively mounted, the pivot being disposed so that said lever also has pivotal movement on an axis transverse to its longitudinal axis, actuating means connected to the lever and adapted to impart said reciprocal and said pivotal movement thereto, an elongated substan-, tially horizontally extending intake valve stem connected at one end thereof to the intake valve and at the opposite end with the lever so that the lever reciprocates said valve stem in a horizontal plane and actuates the intake valve, and an elongated substantially horizontally extending exhaust valve stem connected at one end thereof to the exhaust valve and at the opposite end with the lever so that the lever reciprocates said exhaust valve stem in a horizontal plane, the intake valve stem and the exhaust valve stem being disposed in difierent parallel horizontal planes and being so connected at' said opposite ends thereof with the lever that each of the stems is actuated from points a different distance from the pivot. I

4. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with a substantially horizontally extending longitudinal-axis and a piston positioned therein for reciprocal movement, means providing separate cylindricallyshaped steam' admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said chambers being disposed above the cylinder and positioned adjacent one another with the exhaust chamber being disposed at a higher elevation than the in-' take chamber, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to one another, each of said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke'of the piston, an admission piston valve operable in the steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston valve operable in the exhaust steam chamber, said valves respectively being adapted to control the passage of steam from the admissionchamber to the cylinder and thepassage of steam from thecylinder to the exhaust chamber, a substantially vertically extending lever, mounting means for said lever arranged to permit reciprocal movement thereof in a vertical plane toward and away from said steam chambers, a pivot on which the lever is rotatively mounted, the pivot being disposed so that said lever also has pivotal movement on an axis transverse to its longitudinal axis, actuating means connected to the lever and adapted to impart said reciprocal and said pivotal movement thereto, an elongated intake valve stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected atone end thereof to the intake valve and connected at the oppositeend to the lever so that the'lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and an elongated exhaust valve stem extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust-valve stem being connected at one end thereof to the exhaust valve and connected at the opposite end to said lever, said intake valve stem and said exhaust valve stem being so connected to said lever at said opposite ends thereof that the radial distance between the point of. connection of the exhaust valvestem to the lever and the pivot is less than the distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the lever and the 'pivot.

5(In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having separate intake and exhaust valves, a substantially vertically extending combination lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever and to permit pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and reciprocal movement of the lever in its vertical plane, the lever having arms extending parallel to said longitudinal axis and laterally offset on opposite sides thereof intermediate the opposite ends of the lever, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever at opposite 10 ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane, a pivotal connection pivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever at the upper end of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to reciprocally actuate the lever on said guiding means by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and the lower end of the lever and to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said lower end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to one of said arms of the lever so that the lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being so connected to said arms of the lever respectively that the radial distance between the point of connection of the exhaust valve stem to one of said arms and the pivotal connection is less than the radial distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the other of said arms and the pivotal connection,

6. 'In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with asubstantially horizontally extending longitudinal axis and a piston positioned therein for reciprocal movement, means providing separate cylindricallyshaped steam admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to-the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said chambers being at the same side of the cylinderand positioned adjacent one another with the longitudinal axes thereof parallel to; one another but in difierent horizontal plane's, each of. said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke of the piston, an admission piston valveioperable in the steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston valve operable in the exhaustv steam chamber, said valves respectively being adapted to control the passage of steam from the admission chamber to the cylinder and the passage of steam from the cylinder to the exhaust chamber, a substantially vertically extending combination lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guide ing means being constructed and arranged to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever and to permit pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and reciprocal movement in its vertical plane toward and away from the steam chambers, said lever having arms extending parallel to said longitudinal axis and laterally ofiset on opposite sides thereof intermediate the opposite ends of the lever, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever at opposite ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane so as to impart said reciprocal movement to the lever, a pivotal'con nection pivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever at the upper end of the lever, the

actuate the lever on said guiding means toward and away from the steam chambers by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and the lower end of the lever and to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said lower end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to one of said arms of the lever so that the lever reciprocatesg the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being so connected to said arms of the leverrespectively that the radial distance between the pointof connection of the exhaust valve stem to one of said arms and the pivotal connection is less than the radial distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the other of said arms and the pivotal connection.

7, In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports in communication therewith, separate intake and exhaust valves controlling said ports, a lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to permit reciprocal movement of the lever in the plane of its longitudinal axistoward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever, reciprocating actuating means acting on the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof, and a pivot on which the lever is pivotally mounted adjacent one of said opposite ends, the pivot being reciprocally movable with said lever,.the axis of the pivot extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to act on the pivot and the lever adjacent one end thereof and the opposite end of the lever simultaneously thereby to impart said reciprocal movement to the leverand the pivot and to act on the opposite end of the lever only thereby to pivotally actuate the lever on said pivot, the intake and exhaust valves each having a valve stem operatively connected to the lever, the connection of said valve stems to the lever being intermediate the opposite ends thereof and at different distances from said pivot.

8. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a. cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports in communication therewith, separate intake and exhaust valves controlling said ports, a lever, guiding means on which said lever is slidably supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to permit reciprocal movement of the lever in the plane of its longitudinal axis toward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever, reciprocating actuating means acting on the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof, a pivotal connection pivotally connect-' ing the actuating means and the lever adjacent one of said opposite ends of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means acting on the pivotal connection and the opposite end of the lever simultaneously thereby to impart said reciprocal movement to the lever and to act on the opposite end of the lever only thereby to pivotally actuate the lever on said pivotal connection, the intake and exhaust valves each having a valve stem operatively connected to the lever, the connection of said valve stems to the lever being intermediate the opposite ends thereof and at difierent distances from said pivotal connection. v

9. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports in communication therewith, separate intake and exhaust valves controlling said ports, a lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite'ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to permit reciprocalmovement of the lever in the plane of its longitudinal axis toward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely toits longitudinal axis and to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever, reciprocating actuating means acting on the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof, and a pivot on which the leveris pivotally mounted adjacent one of said opposite ends, the pivot being reciprocally movable with said lever, the axis of the pivot extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to act on the pivot and the lever adjacent one end thereof and the opposite end of the lever simultaneously thereby to impart said reciprocal movement to the'lever and the pivot and to act on the opposite end-of the lever only thereby to pivotally actuate the lever on said pivot, the intake and exhaust valves each having a valve stem operatively connected to the lever, the connection of said valve stems to the lever being intermediate theopposite ends thereofwith the exhaust valve stem being connected to the lever at a point nearer the pivot than the intake valve stem. 7

10. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or thelike having a cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports in communication therewith, separate intake and exhaust valves controlling said ports, a lever, guiding means on which-said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to permit reciprocal movement of the lever in the plane of its longitudinal axis toward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever, reciprocating actuating means acting on the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof, a pivotal connectionpivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever adjacent one of said opposite ends of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection'extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuatingmeans acting on the pivotal connection and the opposite end of the lever simultaneously thereby to impart said reciprocal movement to the lever and toact on the opposite end of the lever only thereby to pivotally actuate the lever on said pivotal connection, the intake and exhaust valves each having a valve stem operatively connected to the lever, the connection of said valve stems to the lever being intermediate the opposite endsthereof, the radial distance between the point of connection of the inlet valve stem to the lever and the pivot being greater than the radial distance between the pointof connection of the exhaust valve stem to the lever and the pivot.

11. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having separate intake and exhaust valves, a substantially vertically extending combination lever, guiding means on'which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever and to permit pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and reciprocal movement of the lever in its vertical plane, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane, a pivotal connection pivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever adjacent one of said opposite ends of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to reciprocally actuate the lever on said guiding means by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and said opposite end of the lever and to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said opposite end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to the lever so that the lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being connected to the lever at different distances from said pivotal connection.

12. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having separate intake and exhaust valves, a. substantially vertically extending combination lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means being constructed and arranged to prevent longitudinal movement of the lever and to permit pivotal movement of the lever on an axis transversely to its longitudinal axis and reciprocal movement of the lever in its vertical plane, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever adjacent opposite ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane, a pivotal connection pivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever adjacent one of said opposite ends of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to reciprocally actuate the lever on said guiding means by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and said opposite end of the lever and. to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said opposite end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to the lever so that the lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being so connected to the lever that the radial distance between the point of connection of the exhaust valve stem to the lever and the pivotal connection is less than the radial distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the lever and the pivotal connection.

13. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports in communication therewith, separate intake and exhaust valves controlling said ports, a substantially vertically disposed lever having 'arms extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lever and laterally offset on opposite sides thereof intermediate'the opposite ends of the lever, guiding means on which said lever'is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means comprising a horizontally extending guideway adjacent each arm of the lever, a guide block pivotally mounted on each-arm and slidable in the guideway, the guideway and guide blocks preventing longitudinal movement of the lever and permitting reciprocal movement there of in its vertical plane toward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement on an axis transverselyto said vertical plane, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever at opposite ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane, a pivotal connection pivotally connecting the actuating means andthe lever'at the upper end of the lever, the axis of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the "longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to reciprocally actuate the lever on said guiding means by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and the lower end of the lever and to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said lower end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to one of said arms of the lever so that the lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being so connected to said arms of the lever respectively that the radial distance between the point of connection of the exhaust valve stem to one of said arms and the pivotal connection is less than the radial distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the other of said arms and the pivotal connection.

14. In a reciprocal steam engine, locomotive or the like having a cylinder with a substantially horizontally extending longitudinal axis and a piston positioned therein for reciprocal movement, means providing separate cylindricallyshaped steam admission and steam exhaust chambers, the longitudinal axes of said chambers being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder and to each other, said chambers being at the same side of the cylinder and positioned adjacent one another with the longitudinal axes thereof parallel to one another but in different horizontal planes, each of said separate chambers being in communication with the cylinder adjacent opposite extremities of the stroke of the piston, an admission piston valve operable in the steam admission chamber, an exhaust piston valve operable in the exhaust steam chamber, said valves respectively being adapted to control the passage of steam from the admission chamber to the cylinder and the passage of steam from the cylinder to the exhaust chamber, a substantially vertically disposed" lever having arms extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the lever and laterally offset on opposite sides thereof intermediate the opposite ends of the lever, guiding means on which said lever is supported intermediate the opposite ends thereof, said guiding means comprising a horizontally extending guideway adjacent each arm of the lever, a guide block pivotally mounted on each arm and slidable in the guideway, the guideway and guide blocks preventing longitudinal movement of the lever and permitting reciprocal 'movement thereof in its vertical plane toward and away from the cylinder and pivotal movement on an axis trans- ,versely to said vertical plane, reciprocating actuating means connected to the lever at opposite ends thereof and reciprocal in a substantially horizontal plane soas to impart said reciprocal movement to the lever, a pivotal connection pivotally connecting the actuating means and the lever at the upper end of the lever, the of the pivotal connection extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lever, said actuating means being adapted to reciprocally actuate the lever toward and away from said cylinder on said guide blocks and guideways by imparting movement simultaneously to the pivotal connection and the'lower end of the lever and to pivotally actuate the lever on the pivotal connection by imparting movement to said lower end of the lever only, the intake valve having a stem extending in a horizontal plane and connected to one of said arms of the lever so that the lever reciprocates the valve stem in said horizontal plane and thereby actuates the intake valve, and the exhaust valve having a stem connected to said lever and extending in a horizontal plane parallel to and at a higher elevation than'the plane of the intake valve stem, said exhaust and intake valve stems being so connected to said arms of the lever respectively that the radial distance between the point of connection of the exhaust valve stem to one of said arms and the pivotal connection'is less than the radial distance between the point of connection of the intake valve stem to the other of said arms and the pivotal connection.

- THOMAS J. HOY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 386,284 Baily July 17, 1888 1,172,121 Emory Feb. 15, 1916 FGREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 2,311 Great Britain Feb. 14, 18,87

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