US2608937A - Railway truck - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 2, 1952 D. s. BARROWS 'ETAL RAILWAY TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 12, 1946 m W: Ww .mdak Z B0 S 3 mm k G Sept. 2, 1952 D. s. BARROWS ETAL 9 3 RAILWAY TRUCK Filed Feb. 12, 194s 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 2, 1952 D. s. BARROWS ETAL RAILWAY TRUCK Filed Feb. 12, 1946 DozzaZdBa (11211.22 .2? Couch,

Patented Sept. 2 1952 ester,"N. Y., assignors to TheSymingtomGou'ld Corporatiomflochester, N.- Y;,-a corporation 'nf Maryland :5

Application February, 12, 1946, SerialNo.-647,139

a intention pertains to a railway'truck'and more particularly to. a flexible type thereof;

An objector theinvention is the provision, in

arailway truck, .of an improved holster-side eonnectionwhicli will 'Qallow the side frame torexeclite a .holdhy-liorse .orrockingsaction relat'ive' to the bolster. .Anotherobiectof theinventionis theprovis'ion, 1111a railway truck,- of' an improved bolster and side gimme-connection whichi-willinermit a relative rocking motion between the side .frame and bolster, arrest .a horizontal angular ,movemen't therehetween and resist a transverse rocking motion therebetween.

.A still further object not the "intention isthe provisiominarailwayitruck;..of asideframe havingta demountaiblevchairtiriterlockeditherewith at a Tbols'ter opening ji'thereofrland a "bolster end mounted directly on the chair .insuch a manner as to incorporatea quick wheel rchangefeature in thleIloolsLter-sideframe connection and to afford arollingor rocking action or the side 'frameand chair relative .'to thelbolster "in a fore and aft direction orlongitudinally or the truck with substantially no relative movement th'ereh'etween transversely of the truck.

The above and numerous "other objects of the invention willbeoome apparentifromthe succeeding description offlan exemplified (form of the invention which is illustratedloy various viewsjin the accompanying drawings which ro'rma part of the presentdescripftion and wherein:

' Figure Pi a partialside elevational,andpartial vertical sectional viewiofarailwayltrucksembodying the present invention.

Figure 25s a partial "planuand partialh'orizontal sectional view of therailway truck shownin Figure 1 and being considered along-the lines2+2 thereof in the direction was indicated by the arrows.

Figure 3 is anvenlarged sectional vview taken along 'the'linesI3- 3 offFigure 'lfloo'kingin the direction or the arrows.

fFi'gu1eAis asectionalview taken along theilines 1-5 "of'Figme 3,1'looki-ng in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 5 an erflargedlsetitional' view taken along the linesS -AS 10f Figure 31,.lodking .in the direction of the arrows Figure-6 is .a horizontal Lsectional view taken along the finest-s6. ofnFigure 4' and looking inthe direction of the arrows.

iEigure. Us a vertical sectional view taken along the lines 1 -1 oiFigureB ,andlookingtintheidirccticn of the ...arrows.

"25 Claims; Cl. 105 203 ,jEigure i8 is an outline side elevational *ViE'W showing some of the components or"- the railway truck .an abnormal position.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicata'like parts, the numeral lls empioyedto designate-in a general manner; arailwaytruck embodyingthe present invention. The railway truck generally eomprises'a Lsi'deTrameE light of weight,"rigid, strong andsimplefin design andpwhich preferably has'jits ends 3 iormed'with housingstatoraccommodatestructure similar to that disclosed claimed in the application "for Letters Patent or D. S. rBarrows Serial'No. 630230, filed November 23, 19411; for'jRailwayffTruck. To this extent, therefore, the illustrated side frame is supported resiliently by journal boxes (not shown) spaced longitudinallyof the-truck. 'lit will, of course,"be clearly understood that'the side frame illustrated is'only one of a* pair employed in 'a truck "and. thateach railway truck includes a 'siderrameat eadh'transverse side thereof "but, for-the sake of brevit only one side frame'wi'll be "herein illustrated and described.

The side frame comprisesatopor compression member A and a bottom or tension member 5"both of whiclr'unite at or adjacent the respective ends 3 to continue therebeyon'd to form suitable housings Sa-for the accommodation of supportingand associated mechanisms whichnray be as clearly taught .in the application ,of DPS?- "Barrows supra; The compression member, intermediateits ends, is "formed of general invertedU shapeinvertical cross section to present a horizontal webifi having depending from the transverse edges thereoi'fianges l which terminate injreentranjt flanges 28. The tension member is; whatmight be classified as, catenarn-double truss type of load arrying member in that'it'is formed asan integral member with a curved "bottom portion?!) and oppositely extending upwardly inclined end portions Ill tangential with the curved portion; The tension memberhas an outer orloweritruss I 1 comprising inner and outer sideflanges l,2*having their maximnmdepth intermediate their ends at or ,ad'jacentto a transverse vertical plane'of thettrnck whichischaracterized by thediagrammatic lineArAiin Figures and a of the drawings 'Preferablyfor therentire length of the ten sion memberthe lower trussflanges. are united by a Joottomtflange 1,3 which iollows the contour of th'elower edges or the flanges along the eatenary line;

Jhe compression and tension ..memb.ers are joined intermediate their .en'dshy agpair of guide 3 columns I l spaced a predetermined distance apart to form a central window opening l5 therebetween. Between each end 3 and a related guide column there appears a side opening 15a of triangular formation and defined by the compression member, asloping portion of the tension member and a guide column. The lower truss side flanges merge, adjacent their top edges, into reentrant flanges it which extend inwardly of the side frame for a predetermined distance. A top or inner truss I1 is formed integrally with the bottom or lower truss and, between the guide columns, presents a substantially fiat or horizontal shelf [8 having depending therefrom transversely spaced inner flanges l9 which merge with the free or inner extremities of the reentrant flanges therebeneath (see Figures 3 and 4). As the inner flanges progress from the transverse vertical plane of the truck they meet the related guide column where they are stepped transversely or outwardly of the side frame as at [9a and thus continue as at l9b longitudinally of the side frame where, at or about the center of the side window they feather out into the reentrant flanges along the inclined portions of the tension member. Preferably at a point within the limits of the window opening the flat shelf continues longitudinally of the side frame through the guide columns as upwardly curved tie plates 29. Each of these tie plates is bifurcated as at 2| within the area of the related column and continues as a gusset 22 upwardly along the inclined portion of the tension member to blend into or merge with the reentrant flanges at or about the V same location as the feathering out of the inner flanges.

Each guide column is preferably channelshaped in horizontal cross section and as such includes a vertical web 23 merging horizontally into transverse vertical inner and outer flanges 24 and 24a respectively. The column flanges form in effect downward continuations of the compression member flanges I and are in vertical alignment with and joined to the parts IQ?) of the top truss inner flanges.

Reverting to the general description of the side frame housing a little more detailed description thereof may be required to clarify the side frame design which forms a part of the present invention. The hOllSillg at each end of the side frame is defined at its upper limits by the web 6 of the compression member following the lines of an ogee or reverse curve as at 312 and which reaches its greatest height at a predetermined distance toward the window opening from a transverse vertical plane passing through the center of a related axle (not shown) as indicated by the vertical diagrammatic line B--B in Figure 1 of the drawings. The merged flanges of the compression and tension members form longitudinally spaced jaws 30 opening toward one another and defining therebetween a transverse opening 3d for the accommodation of a journal box (not shown).

The gussets 22 of the tension member, as they approach an apex of the triangular side opening again merge as at 3e to follow, for a predetermined distance, the outline of the side opening and at a required elevation is directed horizontally and toward a related end of the side frame to form longitudinally spaced spring seats 3f. As the spring seat forming web reaches the end of the side frame it is directed downwardly and vertically to form an end wall 39 of the related jaw. It will be here noted that the extension of the compression member web merges as at 371. with the sprin seat forming web as it is directed downwardly tto form the end wall 3g. An end wall 31 of the other jaw is formed by bottom flange l3 being, in the area of the outer apex of the triangular side opening, directed downwardly and vertically. A final observation in connection with the housing design is that the outer jaw at each housing is terminated a slight distance below a horizontal axis of an axle as indicated by the diagrammatic line CC in Figure 1 while the companion jaw extends an appreciable distance below this same horizontal axis. The jaws are thus designed because at the present writing it is believed necessary to provide a safety or tie means with the inner jaw only such as at the hanger 370 to engage a part of the journal box and thus limit a vertical separating movement of the journal box and side frame. When the journal box strikes the safety means it will be canted slightly so that an upper outer corner thereof may strike the outer jaw at or about a location indicated by the arrow 3m. By this arrangement, therefore, a considerable saving in weight is effected and the moment which tends to break off the outer pedestal or jaw is materially reduced.

Removably mounted upon the tension member within the lower area of the window opening is a chair or adapter casting 25 which forms an interlock between the side frame and a bolster 25 and performs numerous functions which will be hereinafter made apparent. The chair or adapter casting is provided with a lower or base wall 2] presenting a fiat, plane or downward facing surface 28 arranged normally to bear directly upon the correspondingly disposed surface lBa of the inner truss of the tension member. If during assembly of the component parts of the truck or after extended service runs thereof it is found that the center plate (not shown) carried by the bolster intermediate its ends is not disposed at a required elevation so as to maintain a proper coupler height then, and in that event, shims (not shown) and of any required thickness may be introduced between the chair surface 28 and tension member surface I8a. This addition of shims will raise the chair and bolster and consequently the center plate to a desired or required height.

Forming an interlock between the chair or adapter casting and the inner or top truss of the side frame is a pair of side wall extensions or ribs 29 which overlie the flat shelf of the inner truss inwardly and outwardly thereof. This straddling effect of the chair not only prevents a shifting or unwarranted displacement of the chair transversely of the truck but, as will be noted, a housing is thus formed at the juncture of the surfaces 28 and Mia so that any shims placed at this location will be positively retained in operable position.

Rising vertically from or a predetermined distance above the transverse edges of the chair base wall and preferably in alignment with the ribs 29 are transversely spaced inner and outer' walls 30 and 30a; the inner walls of which extend longitudinally of the truck a sufficient distance so as to permit the' introduction of the chair into the window opening (see Figure 7), that is to say, the length of the inner wall is a trifle less than the distance between plane faces 23a of the colums and because of this arrangement or design the chair can be cupped over the tension member inner truss from the outside anosree'za offithetruck'andalsoaitwi ll bembvious fromcthe:

above-swat itsnremoval for: the purpose :of

spection; eshi-mming; etc; may: benmadeifrom the 7 samevsidea 10f. rthemtruck'. The. :cuterrwall 30a: of; y

the chain-is; on; the; other; hand, extended :hori-.

zontallwbeyond-tha clear Lopening; into. the.- wine dew wopening =to thereby. present. outer. .lugs 3 l whiclraabut. thecolumn outertflanges 24% out:

wlardly' thereof and thus; afford. an .added guard against the chairzbeing, .inxservice,r..displaced:ine

wardlyof :the. truck.:.. Extending :horizontallytbera tween." and 13' oinin'g: :the upper 'limits: ;of the $0113.11?

inner ;and.;outer.- swallsvis; a. bearing OI't',tODT Wall 32.:1which;:isroficthe samev width.- transverselyjof the l-truckl; as: its companion base wall. and. also desirablyterminates; short. of: the columns, to

permit assembly of the chair .EHd'fSidfi fI'flHlGi; Extending}; vertically. and ;transversely= of the truckiara a rseries: of: reinforcing ,-Walls -33 which join. a1l:the.other walls ,oftthef chair to reinforce.

its-against rstressesvto which itwill beisubjected inservica: The; ends-.34tof the bearing wall are,

adjacent. the-columns; madegrelatively flat-as at. 3 5 .whilevanintermediate.portion '36 is. some.- w-hatelevatedor raised above theends to thereby present a. bearinggwall-of stepped; arrangement for the. purposeto be hereinafter made apparent (see: Figure 17) disclosed-.1 portion. of usual design inthat it extends between the-.sidefiframesand is. provided with a usual center. plate (not shown).. inter-.- mediate itsends 38. The-bolster; whichfunctions as a i-transom. astthat component is recognized in the art, has: an. end. portion. 38" extending into an..asso.ciated..side frame. window opening I5 with. eachv end....portion comprising vertically spaced 1. substantially horizontaltop. and bottom wal1s"..39i.,and. (respectively joined. integrally adjacent their transverse limits ,by vertically directed horizontally. spaced side walls", 41';

In' the particularart to whichthis" invention.

appertain's it"is. well known that. surfaces upon whichwh'eels ofia railway truck .roll'are not at.

allitinies in the same or a constant plane: That is'lto say; contiguous rail ends ofttimes'present steps, up. and"'down,' over which'awheel must traverse;v Steps are also present in rail'crossovers, switches,,etc. and dueto these and other i irregularities inthe rails" alonga right ofway it is'not'uncommon'. for one "or'more wheels of a" four wheel truck to drop below or raise above" the level'of the remainingiwheels of the truck: Recognizing: these existing and unavoidable con ditions-as the cause of the side frames, during; running service; executingarocking'action'often referredto": by "those "skilled in" the art" as "a' hobby-horse actionbecause'the side frames simu-latesuch an-action, means has been in or the supporting wheels? is practically possible; a-constant full and complete b'earin'g between 1 thecenter bearings or plates (not shown) ofvzthe truclc and body loc'xlsters" (not shown) as;-wel-1 as =proyi'de the -truckwith easy riding qualitiesa;

Toward.the accomplishmentzofithe aboyestheret is. formed. on the: intermediate :portion of. :the chair bearing plate. a concave,.: cylindrical;- 1up;-.- wardly facing: surface 42 :of a .givenaxor: predea tel-mined curvature. Thebottom; wall iofltheil bolster end is.provi'ded with a convex;;cylindrical;; downwardly" facing surface. 43 which is. desirably: 1: andpreferably of less radius than the-.curvature;: of the. chair bearing plate: :(seeFigure 7 .'I'he;;.

-convex bolster surfacebears. directly uponxtheiz chair concave surface and is; consideringadia rection' transversely of: thetruck, .coextens'nrex:v therewith. Theoretically, the .actualpcontactibe-i. tween the curved surfaces lies normally in .or

adjacent to the: vertical transverseplaneofthen:

side: frame-line .A.-A-with. thezconcentratedsi load from thewtransonrformed bolster. to the: side'frame passing normally throughzthisvera tical plane and received-by the; side frame .atzor: adjacent tortlie. center-0f the. catenary doublet. truss tension member. Thus; by so forming the" bearing areas-or .surfaces between. the. bolster-r end and chair, a rolling .movementz'will. be :ex-a.

ecuted: by theside: frame: and still maintain ori;

establish. an adequate. bearing area between the bolster and chair. Further, it may behere ob -w served that due to the broadv transversecontact between the arcuate bolsterand' chair surfaces; 43 and Many vertical angling. tendency .of. them:-

-bolster relative to the .side frame will be posit-x tively resisted.

Contracting surfaces on the bolster and: sides frameto limit theside frame'roll maybearranged. in variousrelationships such assubstantially truly 1 verticalsurfaces on the. side. frame columnsto; belt engagedby surfaces .on the. bolsterzisideiwal'ls; spaced from. and disposed at an "angle to the: col-- umn vertical surfaces; Another common expedi+- entisxto form truly vertical surfaces: on:thebolster: side walls spaced from but disposed at an angle to inclined surfaces on the; guide columns; By. these methods or surface relationships attempts-1 are made to bring about a surface contactbe-- tween the bolster and sideframe to limit a move.-..- ment therebetween. It has been found in actual? practice. that the surface dispositions; asv above: described do not, at alltimes, function as in-' tended because the side frame -and--bolsters:arer not machined at the columns and portionsof the:

bolster, intended to. contact. the. columns... While;

it might be intended that a full and completesure; face bearing be effected between the'columnsand: sidewalls of the bolster,.conditionsimighti be such: that, as the side 1 frame 'rolls. under the bolster"; only the bottom". edge oricorner of the side; wall; wall contact the column andunderrthis. condition; the bolster'will have a tendency topverturn under. an impact directed longitudinally of the car body; With the aboveundesirable possibly existingcone;

.. ditionslin mind the inner surfaces ZSw-ofthecob umns are formed truly vertical so-that the side defining surfaces of the window opening are par-- allelv to onenanother. The bolster sidewalls ill have formed thereon outer'surfaces which are spaced a predetermined distance away from the planezparallel surfaces23'a of the colu'mns. These outer wall surfaces M are, for a greaterpartthere of,. disposed in a-vertical'plane and parallel to one-another andto the column surfaces can;

being spaced a sufficient distance from-the column'surfacesto avoid, at any time, a contact be tween the parallel portions-ct these related sunfaces. For a relatively small 'distance'down fromth'e'top of the bolster the outer 'surfaces=44 -thereof-= are-incl ined-or slope inwardly ofthe bolstereset 7 with-these inclined portions being disposed at an angle to the remainingvertical. portion of the related outer surface. As clearly indicated in Figure 8 of the drawings, any complete rolling action of the side frame relative to the bolster will result in a surface bearing relationship between the column surface 23a and the bolster inclined surface 45 only and by reason of this construction and relationship the area of reaction between the side frame and bolster is definitely raised or located at an elevation very close to a horizontal plane of a center plate to defeat any tendency of a bolster to overturn.

It is well known in the art that during running service'the bolster and side frames of a railway truck are subjected to external impulses which tend to shift these components relative to one another longitudinally of the truck. By way of example, the bolster tends to shift relative to the side frame when shocks are imparted to the car body through the coupler, and the side frames tend to move horizontally relative to a bolster when the wheels pass over contiguous rails, crossovers, switches, etc. These shocks may be of such intensity as to urge one surface 44 of the bolster into abnormal intimate contact with an opposing column surface 23a which, in such instances would alter the relationship between the cylindrical surfaces 42 and 43. To avoid other than a rolling action between the convex and concave surfaces there is provided, in the present structure, a holding means which will maintain a predetermined relationship between the side frame and bolster. Various types of holding means may be incorporated in a structure embodying the present invention but at the present writing it is preferred to employ a toothed arrangement. Accordingly, the holding means is herein characterized by a series of teeth 45 which lie in a circular path such as in an internal gear and are formed integrally with the chair. As herein illustrated, but not so necessarily limited, the chair is provided with two parallel paths of teeth; one path at each transverse side of the chair concave surface and formed at or near the juncture of the chair bearing plate and inner and outer walls. While the chair teeth do not or are not intended to carry any vertical load they are, however, subjected to horizontal shear and bending stresses and accordingly it is deemed advisable to embed the teeth in the chair so that the dedendum of the teeth indicated at Z in Figure 3 is below the concave surface and the addendum of the teeth indicated at Y is above the concave surface (see Figure 3). This disposition of the teeth, therefore, places the pitch circle or line of the teeth of each row in the same arcuate path as the concave surface so that substantially the strongest part of the teeth is subjected to the service shearing and bending forces. The portion of the chair at the base of each row of teeth is sloped outwardly and downwardly of the chair as at 47 to thereby function as a drain for the escape of any foreign matter which might find its way between the working surfaces of the teeth.

The chair teeth being thus formed as segments of an internal gear, each bolster end is also provided with a double row of teeth 48 which are spaced oppositely from and intermesh or interlock with the chair teeth. What has been said regarding the office of the chair teeth is equally applicable in connection with the bolster teeth because they cooperate to maintain a predetermined relationship between the bolster and chair, Accordingly, each row of bolster teeth is emr 8" bedded in the .bolster with the de'dendum of the teeth of each row and. as indicated by the char= acter X extending from the line of curvature of the bolster convex surface inwardly of the bolster and the addendum of the teeth ofeach row as indicated by the character W extendin from the convex surface line of curvature downwardly or outwardly of the bolster. The pitch circle or line of each row of bolster teeth is as above indicated coincident with the line of curvature of the bolster convex surface. To further reinforce the bol- 'ster teeth against service stresses there is provided It will here be noted that the rows of teeth on the bolster and chair not only prevent a sliding or shifting action between the bolster and side frame or chair but they also prevent the bolsterfrom executing a horizontal pivotal movement relative to the side frame. In this regard the railway truck may be considered or classified as of a rigid type at least insofar as one side frame is prevented from assuming a position out of transverse alignment with a companion side frame. Aside from this one feature of rigidity the truck, of course, will be recognized as of an extremely fiexible type since the bolster-side frame connection allows a relatively wide range of adjustability in response to service side frame movements.

The present or illustrated construction is also desirably of a quick wheel change type and in this regard it will be observed by referring particularly to Figure 6 that no outer lugs are provided on the bolster to prevent the free withdrawal of a bolster end from the window opening inwardly of the truck; it being recalled that the outer guides 3! on the chair function as a means for preventing an accidental horizontal separation of the chair and consequently the bolster and the side frame. To limit movement of the bolster outwardly of the side frame there are provided guide lugs 50 on the bolster side walls inwardly of the truck from the side frame. These guide lugs which extend longitudinally of the truck are positioned in close proximity to the columns so that any transverse external impulses will pass between the side frame and bolster through the guides 50 and columns.

As previously stated the ends of the chair bearing wall are formed relatively flat as at 35 and these portions are spaced a sufficient distance below correspondingly disposed or relatively flat portions 5| of the bolster bottom wall so that as the side frame and chair roll below the bolster end there will be no contact between the portions 35 and El to interfere with such rolling movement. Upstanding vertically from the fiat chair portions are posts or studs 52 formed integrally with the chair and extending through suitable accommodating apertures 53 in the bolster bottom wall. Locking means, cotters or keys 54 are associated with or threaded through the studs adjacent their upper free extremities to thereby present a safety device guarding against an accidental or unwarranted separation of the bolster, chair and side frame.

From the above it will be noted that various changes and alterations may be made to the described and illustrated exemplary structure without departing from within the spirit of this invention and scope of the appended claims,

' n a spring plankless ltruckrthe combination at sidecirame presentingvawindow opening; a rchairsmterlockedi :iwith' a .:;'portion "of: saidside 'iframegzarconcavmsnrface ionasaid chair; upwardly :iaxtendingiteth zonrsaid: chain-.19, :load carrying imembe'rlhavingaanlendi extending into said winitdow opening-:1aiconvex'surface ontsaldlOad-carrY- Zing member'rend'; saidwiconvex' surface being of shorter radius than and bearing upon SZtIflTCOII- cave surface, and downwardlyvzextendmg teeth inn said loadicarrying I'memb'er 'endimeshing with said .teeth' on said chair for resisting horizontal iangling: movement betweenrsaida load carrying imemberandichair. t

23m: a spring iplankless trnck; the "combina- 'tion' of a 'side "frame" presenting 'awind'ow openinga chair interlocked with a tension ifimember of saidsideiiframe, :a" concave surface on sai'd 1 fsllvemlaimz 1 chair, upwardly extendingteeth on 'said chair, a

bolster extending into said window opening, .a.

" convex surface on said bo1ste'r of shorter radius ithan 'and bearingupon said concavesurface, and downwardly extending teeth on 'said bolster meshing'vvithsaid teethbn said chair; pitch lines of said teeth meeting at'the contact between said convex-and concave surfaces.

"In a springp'lankless truck, the combination *-or; a"side irame presenting a window opening, a

"chair interlocked-with a tension member of said:

s'id'e' frame; a concave surface onsaid chair, teeth on said chair having a pitch line approximating the curvature of-said concave surface, a bolster extending into said window' opening, a convex 'surfaceonsai'd-bolster of less radius than'and bearingrupon said concave surface, and teeth on said bolster intermeshing 'With said. chair x'te'eth: said bolster teethhaving a pitch line approximatingithe curvature of said convex surface.

41 In a spring plankless truck, the combination of; a side framepresenting a window opening, a a chair interlocked withxa tension member of said side frame, a "concave surface on said chair, teeth partially within's'aid chair, a bolster extending 'into said Window opening; a convex surface on;

"said bolster of .less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, and teeth formed partially -within= said bolster and 'intermeshing' with said i chair teeth liori'maintaining said chair and bolster --ag'ainstrelative horizontal angling movement.

-5.'In' a spring plankless truck, the combination of, asideframefpresentmg a window opening, a i chair interlocked with: a tension member of said side frame, a concave surface on said chair, teeth partially within'said chair, a'b'olster extending. r-

-into-said window-opening, a convex surface on said bolster of less radius than and bearing upon I said concave surfacexo'f said chain'and teeth :formed partially within said bolster and intermeshing with said cha'ir teeth; apitch line of 'said chainteethicoinciding with said concave surfacatandia pitch. line of said bolster teeth co- .rtinciding" with" said convex surface 1 f or maintainhingsaid chair and bolsteraagains t relative horizontal angling movement.

6. In aspringcplankl'esstruck, the combination surfaca'and teeth adjacent said convex/surface and carried by said-bolster for-engaging saidaflrst inamed teeth.

bolster: extending into said window. openingand .having a convex surface arranged to roll-zonz-said concave surface, and teeth adjacentsaidconvex surface and carriedby saidrbolster for-engaging said first named teethysaid surfaces beinga arrangedto. carry the entire vertical-.loadwpassing fromsaid bolster tosaid side frame tension member.

8. In a spring planklesstruck, :the'combination'of a side frame presentinga window opening, a doubletruss tension member-defining; the lower limits of said window opening; alower truss :of said tension member beingof 'acatenarytype and "an upper trussv of said tension member presenting a fiat surface;-fa-chair interlocked with said upper truss and having a fiatsurfacexbearin'g'upon-said first-named flat surface, "a concave surface on said chair above-said flat surfaceya bolster extending into said windowopeningta convex surface on said bolster oflesslradius than and bearing upon said concave surace; 'a'ndfmeans on said bolster and chair-forpreventinga,horizontal shiftingof saidrbolster relati-vettoisaid -chair "longitudinally" of c said side frame.

- 9. In a spring plankless truck; the: combination of; a sidelfra'me presentinga window openin'gya double truss tension-member" defining the: lower limits -of s'aidwindow openingsa lower itruss of 401 and anupper truss of "said tensionmember: presenting a fiat surface between oblumnspisaidbide said tension member being of .a 'catenary type frame, a chair'interlocked with said upper'tr'uss and having a fiat surface bearing'upon said 'first .namedfiat surfacaaconcave surfacepn said chair, a" bolster extending: into said window opening, a 'lower'con'vex surface on said bolster-of less radius than andbe'aring upon said concave surface; and interlocking means 1 on said bolster u s and chair for allowing a rolling motion bf said chair relativeto'said bolster and arresting a horizontal angularzm'ovement of said bolster relat'ive to said chair.

"'10." In a springplankless truck; the combinationof, a side frame presenting awindowopening, a double truss tension member defining Tthe lower limits of "said window opening, a lower=truss of said tension member being of a catenary type and an upper truss of said itension'. member presenting' a flat surface between vertically faced 'columns of said sidez'frame; achairinterlocke'd with said upper truss'and'vhaving a'fi'at surface bearing upon said first .named'fflat surface; a

""bolstenextendin'g into said window: opening between said vertically faced columns, "contacting arcuate surfaces of different radiion said bolster r. :and :chair for affording fa rolling action :between said bolster and chair; and interlocking means on said-bolster and chair for maintaining 'a pre- :determined relationship 'therebetween.

11. In a spring plankless: truck; the combination of, a side frame presenting a'window open- ;:ing; a removable chair interlockedwithfa tension member of said sidevfram'e :and occupying a lower area .of:said: window opening, a bolster extending into said window opening, contacting arcuate surfaces of different radii on said bolster and chair for affording a rolling action between said bolster and chair, and interlocking gear teeth on said bolster and chair for arresting a horizontal angular movement therebetween. g

'12. In a spring plankless truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, vertically faced columns defining sides of said window opening, a removable chair mounted upon and stationary with respect to a tension member of said side frame, a bolster formed with contacting arcuate surfaces of different radii, a chair for affording a rolling action between said bolster and side frame, intermeshing means on said bolster and chair for arresting a horizontal angular movement therebetween, and surfaces on sides of said bolster disposed at an angle to and arranged to contact said vertically faced columns for limiting said rolling action.

13. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lower wall having a fiat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondingly formed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said side frame extending below said fiat surface for locking said chair to said side frame, a concave cylindrically formed surface spaced above said flat surface and disposed between vertical planes of said ribs, and studs upstanding from said chair and arranged to extend into a bolster; said concave surface being curved longitudinally of said chair.

14. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lower wall having a fiat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondingly formed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said side frame extending below said fiat surface for locking said chair to said side frame, a concave surface spaced above said flat surface, and gear teeth formed in said chair; said gear teeth extending above and below said concave surface; said concave surface being curved longitudinally of said chair.

15. In a chair for use in a railway truck, the combination of, a lower wall having a flat surface arranged to bear upon a correspondingly formed surface of a side frame, ribs inwardly and outwardly of said side frame extending below said flat surface for locking said chair to said side frame, a concave surface spaced above said flat surface, and gear teeth formed in said chair; the pitch circle of said gear teeth coinciding with the curvature of said concave surface.

16. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an end formed on said bolster, side walls of said end having vertical surfaces parallel to one another and terminating adjacent the top of said bolster in surfaces inclined inwardly of said bolster, said inclined surfaces being arranged to bear fully against adjacent surfaces on columns of a side frame to limit the angular movement of said bolster on said side frame, a convex surface on a bottom wall of said end, and a line of gear teeth formed transversely of and on said bottom wall.

1'7. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an end formed on said bolster, side walls of said end having surfaces disposed vertically and parallel to one another, upper limits only of said parallel surfaces merging with inclined surfaces, and a convex surface on a bottom wall of said end.

18. In a bolster for use in a railway truck, the combination of, an end formed on said bolster, side walls of said end having adjacent the top thereof surfaces arranged at an angle to adjacent surfaces on columns of a side frame, a convex surface on a bottom wall of said end, and a line of gear teeth formed on said bottom wall; a pitch circle of said gear teeth being curved to coincide with said convex surface and a surface formed on said side frame on which said bolster may rock, said surfaces engaging the surface on the said frame to limit the rocking movement of said bolster.

19. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said Side frame, upwardly extending teeth at each side of said concave surface, a bolster having an end extending into said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster end bearing upon and of less radius than said concave surface, and downwardly extending teeth at each side of said convex surface and meshing with said upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal angling movement between said bolster and chair.

20. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, upwardly extending teeth disposed transversely of said truck at each side of said concave surface, a bolster having an end extending into said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster curved longitudinally of said side frame and bearing upon said concave surface, said convex surface being of less radius than said concave surface, downwardly directed teeth disposed transversely of said truck at each side of said convex surface and meshing with said upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal angling of said bolster relative to said chair, and means on said chair within said window opening and extending into said bolster to prevent separation of said chair and bolster.

21. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, upwardly extending teeth disposed transversely of said truck at each side of said concave surface, a bolster having an end extending into said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster curved longitudinally of said side frame and bearing upon said concave surface, said convex surface being of less radius than said concave surface, downwardly directed teeth disposed transversely of said truck at each side of said convex surface and meshing with said upwardly extending teeth to prevent horizontal angling of said bolster relative to said chair, and means on said chair at ends of said concave surface extending through apertures in said bolster for preventing vertical separation of said chair and bolster.

22. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly on said chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster of less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concave and convex surfaces being curved longitudi- 13 nally of said truck, a row of teeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolster from said chair, and a second row of teeth at each side of said convex surface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair and bolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offering resistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative to said chair.

23. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly on said chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster of less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concave and convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row of teeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolster from said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convex surface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair and bolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offering resistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative to said chair, and means at ends of said convex and concave surfaces for preventing vertical separation of said bolster and chair.

24. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly on said chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster of less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concave and convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row of teeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolster from said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convex surface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair and bolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offering resistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative to said chair; a pitch line of said chair teeth being coincident with said concave surface, and a pitch line of said bolster teeth being coincident with said convex surface.

25. In a railway truck, the combination of, a side frame presenting a window opening, a chair interlocked with said side frame within said window opening, an upwardly facing concave surface on said chair and curved longitudinally of said side frame, a bolster mounted directly on said chair within said window opening, a convex surface on said bolster of less radius than and bearing upon said concave surface, said concave and convex surfaces being curved longitudinally of said truck, a row of teeth at each side of said concave surface extending into said bolster from said chair, a second row of teeth at each side of said convex surface extending into said chair from said bolster, said chair and bolster teeth being relieved of any vertical loads and offering resistance to a horizontal angling movement of said bolster relative to said chair, and studs upstanding from said chair adjacent ends of said concave surface and extending through apertures in said bolster for preventing vertical separation of said chair and bolster.

DONALD s. BARROW-s.

GLENN F. COUCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name. Date 1,141,436 Turner June 1, 1915 1,194,349 Barber Aug. 15, 1916 1,740,059 Barrows Dec. 1'7, 1929 1,748,749 Barrows Feb. 25, 1930 1,910,992 Hedgcock May 23, 1933 1,996,644 Drenning Apr. 2, 1935 2,018,854 Hyman Oct. 29, 1935 2,063,739 Hedgcock et al Dec. 8, 1936 2,233,479 Holland et al Mar. 4, 1941 2,282,166 Cottrell May 5, 1942

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