US2282166A - Car truck - Google Patents

Description

May 5, 1942. R. B. coTTRELL CAR TRUCK Filed June 7, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet l @w @N um n QN @www J Q W -l Iwmw www ww l m. E

May 5, 1942. R. B. co'r'rRELL CAR TRUCK Filed June 7, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. obe/Z 5 OZZ/@Z BY@ May 5, 1942. R. B. coTTRELL CAR TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June '7, 1940 4 INVENTOR. @l jober `IMay 5, 1942. R. a. coTTRELL CAR TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 7, 1940 INVENTOR. @bari E. Qyz'fe,

atenei u., s, 1942 l 2,232,166

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE CAB TRUCK Robert B. Cottrell, Chicago. Ill., alsignor to American Steel Foundries, Chicago. Ill., a corporation of New Jersey Appueeuos June 7. i940. 'serial No. 339.302

za claims. (ci. los-zoe) My invention relates to a railway car truck ciated parts in elevation, the section being indiand more particularly to a novel `form oi four cated by the line I-l of Figure 2. wheel railway truck comprising cast steel side Figure2 is a side elevation, half in section, of frames of truss form and a connecting bolster. the truck structure shown in Figure l, the sec- An object of my invention is to design such a tion being substantially taken in the longitudinal four wheel truck suitable for present day high vertical plane bisecting the side frame as indispeed requirements and capable of accommodatcated by the line 2 2 of Figure 1. ing spring groups in each side frame at opposite Figure 3 is a sectional view substantially in sides of eachjournal box. thereby reducing to a the transverse vertical plane bisecting the truck minimum the unsprung weight o! the truck. as indicated by the line 3-3 oi Figure 1.

My novel side frame comprehends atruss form Figure 4 is a sectional view in the vertical with some slight reverse camber in the comprestransverse plane dened by the axis of the wheel sion member, said compression member merging and axle assembly at one end oi ther truck, said at its ends with the diagonal portions oi' the tensection being taken substantially as indicated sion member to form pedestal portions at the by the line 4 4 oi Figure 2. ends of the frame with Jaws for the reception oi Figures 5, 6 and 7 Show an alternate form of associated journal boxes. connection between the bolster and side frame,

My novel form or truss side frame utilizes a Figure 5 being a fragmentary side elevation. Fistension and compression member with spaced ure 6 a sectional view substantially in the plane .columns deilning a bolster opening and other indicated by the line 6-6 of Figure 5, and Figure struts spaced from said columns dening a plu- 7 a fragmentary 170D Plan View.

rality of window openings at each side of the Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view taken frame outwardly of saldcolumns. substantially in the vertical longitudinal piane In my novel arrangement the tension member indicated by the line l-l of Figure 1.

below the bolster opening is of box section and Figure 9 is a view in elevation of the side frame,

the central portion of the tension member is only one end being shown inasmuch as the strucjoined with the pedestal portion of the frame by ture is similar at opposite ends.

a horizontal strut extending therebetween, said Figure l0 -is a top plan View of the Side frame strut merging at its outer end with one of the structure shown in Figure 9 and Figure 11 is a walls dening the spring pocket at the inner side bottom Plan View thereof.

of the pedestal Jaw. 'I'he spring pockets formed Figure 12 isa sectional view through the side at either side of each pedestal Jaw are deilned by frame structure shown in Figure 9, taken subwalls cast integrally with the frame and a top Stantlally in the transverse Vertical Plane bisectwall in each case aiiords a seat for a spring group ing it and as indicated by the line |2-l2 oi so that the weight of the frame on the supported Figure 9.

bolster and car body is supported at said seats. Figure 13 is a sectional `view through the side In my novel side trame structure the diagonal frame in the transverse vertical plane indicated portion of each tension member merges at an by the line -ll of Figure 9- intermediate point with the inner corner of the Figure 14 i8 au cud elevation of the Side frame inner spring pocket at each end of the frame and Structure. a diagonal strut ls connected between the com- Figure 15 iS a fragmentary Sectional View pression member-and the tension member at said through a Portion of the Side frame Structure point of mergence, thus greatly adding to the taken substantially in the transverse planes indistrength of the side frame structure. My novel cated by the line |5|5 of Figure 9.

side frame comprehends such an arrangement Figure 16 iS a Sectional View through the comof parts as will efiiclently meet the various repression member of the side frame as indicated quirements of present day foundry practice and by the line Ii-IB of Figure 9.

pass the present standard A. A. R. test require- Figure 17 is a Section through one column,

ments, taken substantially in the horizontal plane indi- Figure 1 is a top plan view of a railway car 50 cated by the line l'l-l'l of Figure 12.

truck embodying my invention, only one-half of Figures 18, 19 and 20 show the manner of apthe truck structure being shown inasmuch as the plying wear plates to my novel side frame strucstructure is similar at opposite sides thereof, ture. Figure 18 being a side elevation, Figure 19 the figure being partly in section through the a sectional view substantially in the plane indipedestal jaws with the journal box and assocated by the line I9-I9 oi' Figure 18, and Figure 2 f 's u 20 a horizontal sectional view through the pedestal guides substantially in the plane indicated by the line 20-20 of Figure 18. j

Figures 21 and 22 show an alternate form of connection between the side frame and bolster,

tail, it comprises the side frame 2 of modified truss type comprising the compression member 4 and the tension member 5 with the spaced integral columns 8, 8 forming a bolster opening I0 within which is received the widened end portion I2 of the bolster I4, said bolster having the usual center bearing I5 and the side bearing I8. The bolster end is seated directly as at (Figure `3) on the top chord 22 of the tension member beneath said bolster opening, said bolster having the downwardly directed inboard flange or jaw 24 and outboard flange or jaw 28 cored away as at 28, 28 and iinished on their opposite faces to aiord close iit as at 30, 30 with abutting surfaces on the inboard and outboard faces of said tension member.V If desired the bolster may be afforded some degree of rocking longitudinally of the side frame on the seat 20 by providing aing inboardvertical flanges II, and outboard vertical flanges |3, I3 relieved at their bases as at I5, |5 and machined on their opposite faces to aiford a close t as at I1, I1 with the abutting machined faces' on the inboard and outboard v edges of the guide portion I9 of the adjacent column 2|. The bolster end is seated as at 23 upon the tension member of the side frame and may be afforded clearance as at 21 to permit longitudinal rocking of the side frame -as in the before-mentioned modication. Except for the modiication of the columns, the structure of the' side frame'is similar to that of the previous modification. l

.The said tension member beneath said bolster opening I0 is of box section having the bottom wall 32 and the inboard and outboard walls 34 and 35. 4The top chord 22 of the tension member extends diagonally upward at either side of .the bolster' opening and continues as at 38 through the box section 39 over the journal box and into the wall 40 defining the outer pedestal jaw. The compression member over the bolster opening I0 is of box section at the center (Fig- 'ure 12), the bottom chord thereof being cored out as at 4.5 (Figure 2) and merging as at 4| with the column 8 and outwardly ofthe column said compression member has an inverted4 U section (Figure 16) with inturned flanges .reilanged as at 43, said inverted U section merging with the beforementioned box section 39 over the journal box. The tension and compression members of horizontal strut 45, said bottom web 32 being cored away as at 83 (Figure 11) so that the strut 45 comprises the outboard leg 35 and the inboard leg 31, and said strut together with the diagonal portion of the tension member and the inner wall 48 of the spring pocket fdene the window opening 50 below the diagonal portion of the tension member. Spaced window openings 52 and 54 are also formed above the diagonal portion of the tension member between said ten- Vvvsion member and the compression member 4, said inner top corner of the spring ypocket 52. The4 spring pocket 52 is formed between each wall 48 and -the adjacent inner pedestal guide 58, said pocket being deilned at the top thereof by the -horizontal wall 50, said wall aording a seat for a spring group diagrammaticallyshown at 54 and the side wall of said spring pocket is cored away as at 55 to afford a view into said pocket for inspection of said` spring group. `A spring pocket 53 is formed at the opposite side of the journal box within the box sectionof the outer pedestal jaw, housing also a spring group 54, said pocket being deflned by the horizontal top wall'55, the

outer vertical wall- 51 and inboard and outboard lateral walls 59 and 1 I (Figure 1l) Each journal box 42 is mounted upon the journal end 58 ofthe associated wheel and axle nection to the journal boxes 42, 42 at opposite I' ends of the frame and associated with' said boxes in the usual manner are the spaced wheel and assembly through the medium of the usual brace and webs (not shown) land on the top .of said box is aorded positioning means as lat 10 (Figure 4) for the hanger seat 12, said seat afford.- ing' a means of support for the hanger 14, the top of which extends' across said box and the legs of which embrace the box. The lower ends of the hanger legs are afforded aligned openings 15, 15 in which may be seated the beam 18, said beam having at its opposite ends seats as at 80, for bottom spring cups 82, 82, said bottom spring cups affording seats for the opposite ends 4 -likewise being'fltted as at 90, 90` in slots at the inboard end of the box. ' I'he chaing plates 88, 88 have sliding movement as at 92, 92 with wear plates afforded on the pedestal jaws of the frame as more particularly described hereafter.

On the top wall of each journal box 42 and at the inboard edge thereof is afforded avertical lug 94 through which may bebolted as at 95 the brake carrier 98, saidcarrier being in the form of rectangular vframework with side members |00, |00 and end members |02, |02 vextending transversely of the truck, also spaced intermediate struts |03, |03, said carrier supporting as at |04 intermediate brake hanger. brackets |05 with brake hangers |08 supporting brake heads ||0 and brake shoes I2 for engagement with the peripheries of the adjacentl wheels. The said carrier frame 98 also limits the relative lateral motion between journal boxes at opposite sides of the truck. n the top inboard corners of each Journal box are formed small spring pockets ||4, ||4 dened in part by the chang plates 00, 00 (Figure 8) within which pockets may be received the resilient members'ditically shown at ||6, said resilient members extending out- .wardly of said pockets to mord seats as at ||8 for the carrier frame 80 on the opposite corners of the box, thus affording some resilient stability therefor. Each cross member |02 of the carrier 98 is afforded spaced loop brackets |20, |20 underlying the brake beams |22, |22 upon which are mounted the before-mentioned brake heads ||0, ||0. Each strut |03 of the carrier 80 affords pivotal support as at |24 for a brake lever |26, said brake levers being pivotally connected intermediate their ends as at |28 to the brake beam fulcrums and pivotally and adjustably connected at their lower ends as at |30 and |32 to opposite ends of the compression bars |34, |34 at opposite sides of the truck. Safety straps |36, |36 are supported from the beams to underlie said compression bars. 'I'he brake le'vers |26, |26 at one end of the truck are connected to links |88. The opposite ends of the links are pivotally connected as at |40 to the equalizer |42, the midpoint of which affords a connection as at |44 for actuating means for said brake.

The detail of the side frame structure is shown in Figures 9 to 17 inclusive. Most of the features shown therein have already been referred to in the above description. Some further mention may be made of details. The frame is of truss type with spaced jaws at each end defining the pedestal opening |45 and each pedestal is in the form of a box section in order to aord a housing for a spring group at each side of the pedestal jaw. Each column 8 is of U section over most of its length, the central web of which is cored out as at |46 and the flanges of which are reflanged as at |48, |40 (Figure 17). The top chord of the compression member is continuous to the extremity of the side frame and has a bifurcated form over the pedestal leg at the end of the frame, the opposite legs of said bifurcated portion tapering off and merging as at |50 with the inboard and outboard side -walls which with the inner wall 13 and the outer wall 61 define said pedestal leg at the extremity of the frame. The said inboard and outward side walls are cored away above the horizontal wall 65 as at 56 and below said wall as at 158,158. The openings |58, |58 permit inspection of the spring group confined within the pedestal jaw. The inner walls 58 and 13 of both jawsare cored away as at |59, |59 (Figure 13) and the outer wall 61 of the outer jaw is cored away as at |6| (Figure i4). 'I'he inner wall of each jaw is slotted from the lower end as at |60, |60 (Figures 13 and 14), said slots being aligned to accommodate the before-mentioned beam 18 upon the opposite ends of which are supported the bottom spring seats. 'Ihe said slots are reinforced by flanges |62 extending entirely therearound and the edges of said flanges afford seats for Wear plates which may be welded thereto as at |64, |64 (Figure 9) as more particularly described hereafter. Along inboard vertical edges of the journal opening |45 are formed the vertical fianges |66, |66 (Figures 13 and 14) which may limit the lateral motion of the side frame with respect to the journal box. At the lower extremities of both jaws are formed the longitudinally aligned inboard and outboard pads |60, |60 affording seats for the before-mentioned securing straps.

The wall 00 defining the top of the spring cavity inwardly of the pedestal jaw merges at one end with the vertical wall 68 of the pedestal jaw and at its opposite end as at |10 (Figure 2) with the diagonal web of the tension member and at the same point with the transverse web |12 (Figure 15) of the diagonal strut 56, said web |12 being generally V-shaped with its bottom edgescored away as' at |14, |14 where said web merges with the spaced walls defining the said strut 56.

Figures 18, 19 and 20 show the manner in which I apply wear plates to my novel side frame at the wear surfaces on the columns and on the inner faces of the spring cavities. Each spring cavity is afforded similar wear plates |16, |16 fitted into the opposite corners of the spring pocket remote from the pedestal jaws, and likewise each pocket is afforded similar angle wear plates |18, |18 for the other two corners of the spring cavity. Also facing wear plates |80, |80, similar in form, are afforded for the pedestal jaws on opposite faces thereof and each of the plates is cut away at the slot |60 for the purpose already described. Each of the slots |60 is afforded a U shaped wear plate |80, also similar in form, and all of said wear plates may be welded along their abutting edges and other margins as at |84, |84 as best seen from the sectional view of Figure 20.

Figures 2l and 22 show a modified form of connection between the bolster and side frame wherein the bolster end |4 is afforded openings |90, in the bottom wall thereof to accommodate dowels |92, |92 upstanding on the top chord of the tension member below the bolster opening. Said dowels are afforded aligned openings |94, |94 in the opposite walls thereof within which may be received a cotter pin, bolt or similar securing member. The said dowel connection between the side frame and bolster adds to the security of the connection therebetween, preventing accidental displacement and affording additional squaring means.

it is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiments of the device shown which are merely by way of illustration and not limitation as various and other forms of the device will, of course, be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from vthe spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

l claim:

l. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, a bolster having a bottom jaw fitted over the top chord of said tension member at the bottom of said opening, said top chord continuing diagonally upward toward the end of the frame to merge with said compression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said-boxsection, box-like springpockets formed at each side of said pedestal opening with top walls defining spring seats, spring groups inisaid pockets, a supporting wheel and axle assembly journaled in said opening, a journal box therefor, a hanger supported on the top of said box and supporting a spring beam therebeneath, said spring beam affording support for the lower ends of said spring groups, and a diagonal strut extending between said compression member and the top inner corner of the inner spring pocket.

2. In a railway truck, a truss side frame havi ing tension and compression members and spaced columns forming a bolster opening. a bolster 'spaced wheel and axle assemblies with journal boxes journaled in said openings, hangers sup-` ported on said boxes and supporting beamsv therebelow, and a spring group mounted on each end of each beam with an end received in the adjacent pocket for reciprocal movement therein as said spring group is compressed and released in operation of said truck, said tension member top chord extending diagonally upward from the bottom of said bolster opening to each end of the frame and being continuous with the bottom chord of' the box-section over each pedestal opening, each top wall inward of the adjacent pedestal opening having its inner end merging at an intermediate point with the adjacent diagonal portion of said top chord, and diagonal struts each extending from the compression member adjacent its juncture with one of said columns to the top chord of said tension mem-` ber adjacent its juncture with the top wall of the inner of said spring pockets.

3. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension andvcompression members, and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, a bolster seated on the top chord of said tension member beneath said lopening in rocking relationship therewith longitudinally of said truck, said tension and compression members merging with each other to form a box-section adjacent each end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath each box-section, spring pockets at each side of said pedestal opening with top walls defining spring seats for support of said frame. spaced wheel and axle assemblies, journal boxes journaled in said openings, hangers supported on said journal boxes and supporting beams therebelow, and spring groups mounted on respective ends ofsaid beams and in abutment respectively with the adjacent seats for reciprocal movement in said pockets in operation of said truck, said tension member top chord at each end of the frame extending diagonally upward from beneath said bolster opening and being continuous with the bottom chord of the boxsection over the adjacent pedestal opening and extending around said pedestal opening to de-` ne a pedestal wall, each spring seat top wallinward of the adjacent pedestal opening having its inner end merging with the adjacent diagonal portion of said tension member at an intermediate point thereof, and diverging therefrom toward said last-mentioned pedestal opening, and a diagonal strut extending from the juncture of each inner spring seat top wall with the top chord of the tensionnmember to the compression member adjacent its juncture with one of said columns. l

4. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension and compression members and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, a bolster seated on the top chord of said tension member beneath said opening in rocking relationship therewith, said tension and compression members merging with each other to form a boxaesaie section adjacent each end of the said frame, a pedestal opening beneath each box-section, a spring pocket at each side of each pedestal opening with a top wall defining a spring seat. spaced wheel and axle assemblies with journal boxes journaled in said openings, hangers supported on c said boxes and supporting beams therebelow, and a spring group mounted on each end of each beam with an end received in the adjacent pocket for reciprocal movement therein assaid spring groups are compressed and released in operation of said truck, each of said spring pockets having a rectangular box-like form with wear plates welded therein.

5. In a four wheel railway car truck, a cast steel truss side frame having tension and compression members, and spaced columns forming therewith a central bolster opening, a bolster seated on said tension member beneath said opening and afforded rocking relationship with said frame longitudinally thereof, said bolster having a jaw end portion embracing said frame inboard and outboard thereof at the bottom of said bolster opening, said tensiond and compression members merging adjacent their ends with pedestal end portions deilning a journal opening, said tension member having a box-section beneath said bolster opening with a top web extending diagonally upward without interruption from a corner of said bolster opening and continuing over the top of said journal opening to merge with a vertical wall dening the pedestal at the remote side of said joumal/opening, a horizontal wall at the near side of said journal opening deilning a spring seat for support of said frame, said horizontal wall merging at its inner end with said diagonal web approximately midway said bolster opening and said journal opening, and a, diagonal strut extending between said compression member and the ,juncture of sa'id horizontal wall and diagonal web.

6. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members, and spaced columns form.- ing a bolster opening, said tension member comprising a top web deflning the bottom wall of said opening and extending Vdiagonally upward from the corner of said opening to merge with said compression member adjacent the .end of said frame, integral pedestal jaws dening a pedestal opening at the end of said frame, integral walls deiining spring pockets at each side of said pedestal opening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall affording a spring seat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner spring pocket merging at its inner end with said diagonal web, a diagonal strut extending between said compression member and said horizontal wall and diagonal web adjacent their juncture, and a horizontal strut extending be'- tween the bottom of the inner spring pocket and said tension member beneath said bolster opening, said horizontal strut comprising a bottom web, and inboard and outboard ilanges continuous with the bottom web and inboard and outboard walls of said tension member.

7. In a truss side frame, tension and compression members merging adjacent their ends in pedestal jaws defining a journal opening, spaced columns extending between said members and forming therewith a central bolster opening, said tension member having a top web dening the bottom of said opening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereof to form a top wall of said journal opening and. continuing over said journal opening to form a vertical Wall at v the remote side thereof, integral vertical walls, a horizontal top wall dening a spring pocket at each side of said opening, said horizontal walls aifording seats for support of said frame, said y 8. In a four wheel railway car truck, a cast steel truss side frame having tension and compression members, and spaced columns forming therewith a central bolster opening, a bolster seated on said tension member beneath said opening and aiforded rocking. relationship with said frame longitudinally thereof, said bolster having a jaw end portion embracing said frame inboard and outboard thereof at the bottom of said bolster opening, said tension and compression members merging adjacent their ends with pedestal end portions defining a journal opening, said tension member having a box-section beneath said bolster opening with a top chord extending diagonally upward without interruption from a corner of said bolster opening and continuing over the top of said journal opening to merge with a vertical wall defining the pedestal at the remote side of said journal opening, and a horizontal wall at the near side of said journal opening deilning a spring seat for support of said frame, said horizontal wall merging at its inner end with said diagonal chord approximately midway said bolster opening and said journal opening.

9. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension and compression members and spaced columns forming therewith a bolster opening, a bolster seated on the top chord of said tension member 'beneath said opening in rocking relationship therewith, said tension and compression members merging with each other to form a box-section adjacent each end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath each boxsection, spring pockets at respective sides of each pedestal opening with top walls aifording spring seats, spaced wheel and axle assemblies with journal boxes joumaled in said openings, hangers on said journal boxes supporting beams therebelow, and a spring group mounted on each end of each beam with one end in engagement with the adjacent top wall, said spring pockets inwardly of said pedestal openings each having a top wall merging at one extremity with the adjacent tension member approximately midway said bolster opening and said pedestal opening and otherwise spaced therefrom throughout its length.

10. In a four wheel railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising tension and compression members, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening having a widened top portion and a relatively narrow bottom portion, a bolster end receivable in said widened top portion and having jaw means for engagement with said frame at the narrow portion of said opening, said bolster having a seat on said tension member beneath said opening for rocking relationship with said frame, said tension member having a box-section beneath said opening and a top web extending diagonally upward from the corner of said opena journal opening beneath said last-mentioned box-section, said tension member web being continuous over said journal opening to merge with a vertical wall defining the pedestal at the remote side thereof, vertical lateral and end walls denning a spring pocket inward-of said journal opening, said spring pocket having a top wall spaced from said diagonal web and merging therewith at one extremity intermediate the ends of said diagonal web. and a diagonal strut extending irom said compression member to join said tension member at the point of mergence therewith of said top wall.

11. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members merging adjacent their ends to form integral pedestal jaws defining a pedestal opening'. spaced columns extending between vsaid members and forming therewith a bolster opening, said tension member having a -box-section beneath said opening with thel top mentioned vertical wall land comprising a horizontal top wall deilning a seat in said pocketvior support of said frame, the inner end of said horizontal wall merging with an intermediate portion of said diagonal web, and a diagonal strut extending from a point adjacent to one of said columns between said compression member and the juncture of said diagonal web and horizontal wall at the inner corner of said spring pocket.

l2. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members, and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, said tension member comprising a top web defining the bottom wall of said opening and extending diagonally upward from the comer of said opening to merge with said compression member adjacent the' end 0f said frame, integral pedestal jaws deiining a pedestal opening at the end of said frame, integral walls deilning spring pockets at each side of said pedestal opening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall affording a spring seat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner spring pocket merging at its inner end with said diagonal web, a diagonal strut extending between' said compression member and said horizontal wall and diagonal web adjacent their juncture, and a horizontal strut extending between the bottom of the inner spring pocket and said compression member beneath said bolster opening. I

13. A cast steel truss side frame comprising tension and compression members, and spaced columns deiining a bolster opening, said tension member top chord dening therbottom of said opening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereof and merging with said compression member in a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said box-section, said top web continuing from said diagonal portion over said pedestal opening to form a vertical wall at the remote side of said v pedestal opening, integral walls forming spring pockets at opposite sides of said pedestal opening, each comprising a horizontal top wall defining a spring seat, one of said top walls merging with the diagonal portion of said tension member approximately midway said bolster opening ing and merging with said compression member and said journal opening, and a diagonal strut vthe point or mergence oi' said top wall and said diagonal portion. j

14. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form a. pedestal end portion having a journal opening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, each comprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a spring seat for support of said frame, spacedcolumns forming with said members a central bolster opening, said tension member having a top chord defining the bottom wall of said opening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereof over said -pedestal opening to form a vertical wall at the remote side of said opening, said diagonal chord merging with the top inner corner of the adjacent spring pocket, a diagonal strut extending betwen said compression member and the juncture of said diagonalf web with said pocket,

I and a horizontal strut extending between the lower portion of said last-mentioned pocket and said tension member beneath, said bolster opening 15. In a four wheel railway car truck, a cast steel side truss frame having tension and compression members and spaced columns forming therewith a central bolster opening, a bolster columns between said compression member and said topwall and diagonal chord adjacent their juncture.

l?. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame e comprising a compression member, a tension member, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, abolster having a bottom jaw tted over the top chord of said tension member at the seated on said tension member beneath said 30 lower corner of said bolster opening and continuing over the top of the adjacent journal opening-to merge with a vertical wall deiining the pedestal at the remote side of said Journal opening, a horizontal wall definingl a spring seat intermediate portion of said diagonal chord, a diagonal strut at 'each end of the frame extending from said compression member to the juncture of-said diagonal chord with said horizontal wall, and a horizontal strut at each end of the frame extending between the tension member below the adjacent column and the lower inner corner of the adjacent spring pocket.

16. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compression member, a tension 55 member, and spaced columns dening a bolster opening, a bolster having a bottom jaw fitted over the" top chord of said tension member atl the bottom of said opening, said top` chord continuing diagonally upward without interruption' o()v toward the end of the frame to merge with said compression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said box-section, box-like spring pockets formed at each side of said pedestal. opening with top walls dening spring seats, spring groups in said pockets,l a supporting wheel and axle assembly journaled in said pedestal opening, a journal box therefor, a hanger supported on the `top of said box and supporting a spring beam therebeneath, said spring beam aiording support for the lower 'ends/ of said spring groups, the adjacent top wall merging with said diagonal chord at a middle part thereof,fand a diagonal chord of said tension member merging with said web and said wall of the inmost pocket at the juncture thereof.

18. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members, and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, said tension member comprising a top web deiining the bottom wall oiv said opening and extending diagonally upwardl from the corner of said opening to merge with said compression member adjacent the end of said frame, integral pedestal jaws dening a pedestal opening at the end of said frame, integral walls defining spring pockets at each side of said pedestal opening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall aifordinga spring seat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner spring pocket merging 'at its inner end with a central portion of said diagonal web, and y a diagonal strut extending from a point adjacent to one of said columns between said compression member and said horizontal wall and diagonal web adjacent their juncture.

19. In a truss side frame, compression and ten sion members merging adjacent their ends to l form a pedestal end portion having a journal extending between each inner pedestal and an 4d opening, box-sections at each side of 'said journal with said members a central bolster opening, said tension member having a top chord defining the bottom wall of said opening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereof over said pedestal opening to form a vertical wall at the remote side oi' saidopening, said diagonal chord merging with thetop inner corner of the adjacent spring pocket, and a diagonal strut extending from a point on said compression member intermediate the mergence of said tension and compression members and one of said columns to the juncture of said diagonal chord with said pocket.

20. In a truss side frame, tension and compression members merging adjacent their ends in pedestal jaws defining a journal opening, spaced columns extending between said members and forming therewith a central bolsteropening, said tension member having a top web dening the bottom of said opening and extending diagonally upward without interruption from the corner thereof to form a top wall of said journal opening and continuing over said journal opening to form a vertical wall at the remote side thereof,

integral vertical walls, and a horizontal top wall defining a spring pocketat each side-of said strut extending from a point adjacent one of said opening, said horizontal walls affording seats for maar end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath each box-section, a spring pocket formed in said frame between said pedestal jaw and said bolster opening with the top wall oi said pocket defining a spring seat, said top wall merging with an intermediate part of said diagonal web, and a -diagonal strut extending from a point adjacent to one-of said columns betweensaid compression member and the juncture of said wall and said diagonal web.

in said opening, a journal box therefor, a hanger supportedon the tcp of said box and supporting a spring 4beam therebeneath, said spring beam ailording support for the lower ends oi said spring groups, a diagonal strut extending vbe-'- tween said compression member` and the top inner comer of the inner spring pocket, and a horizontal strut extending between the lower .inner corner of the inmost spring pocket and the tension member beneath said bolster opening.

25. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form pedestal end portions having journal openings, box-sections at each side oi said journal openings each comprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall defining a spring pocket with a seat for support of said trame, spaced columns forming with said members a central bolster 22. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, and spaced columns denning a bolster opening, a bolster having a bottom jaw iltted over the top chord of said tension member at the bottom of said opening, said top chord continuing diagonally upward toward the end of the frame to merge with said compression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said boxsection, Pbox-like spring pockets formed at each side of said pedestal opening with top walls deilning spring seats, and a diagonal web connected to said compression member at a point adjacent one of said columns and to the inner corner of the inmost spring pocket.

23. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form pedestal end portions having journal openings, box-sections at each side of each journal opening each comprising vertical walls and a top wall dening a spring pocket with a seat for support of said frame, spaced columns forming with said members a bolster opening, said tension member having a top chord defining the bottom wall of said bolster opening and extending diagonally upward from the corners thereof over each of said journal openings to form vertical walls at the remote sides of said journal openings, at opposite extremities of the frame, a diagonal strut at each end of the frame merging with the compression member adjacent the bolster opening and merging with said tension member at the juncture of the adjacent top wall with the diagonal portion of the tension member and a horizontal strut at each end of the frame extending between the tension member below the adjacent column and the lower inner corner of the adjacent spring pocket.

24. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening, a bolster having a bottom jaw iltted over the top chord of said tension member at the bottom of said opening, said top chord continuing diagonally upward toward the end of the frame to merge with said compression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said boxsection, box-like spring pockets formed at each side of said pedestal opening with top walls defining spring seats, spring groups in said pockets, a supporting wheel and axle assembly journaled opening, said tension member having a diagonal chord at each end oi the frame extending from said bolster opening continuously over the ad- -jacent journal opening to merge with a vertical wall at the remote side thereof, a diagonal strut at each end of the frame connected to the compression member near the adjacent column and extendingdownwardly to merge with the adjacent .diagonal chord at an intermediate point thereof, and a horizontal strut extending from said tension member beneath the bolster opening to the lower comer ofthe adjaent spring pocket.

26. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journal opening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, each comprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a spring seat for support oi' said frame, and spaced-columns forming with said members a central bolster opening,

said tension member having a diagonal chord extending between the mergence of said compression and tension members and a horizontal portion of said tension member beneath said bolster opening, a diagonal strut extending from a point on said compression member adjacent one of said columns to said diagonal chord, and a horizontal strut extending between a lower part of the inner box-section at each end of the frame and the horizontal portion of said tension member.

27. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journal opening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, each comprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a spring seat for support of said frame, and spaced columns forming with said members a central bolster opening, said tension member having a horizontal portion beneath said bolster opening and a diagonal portion extending between the mergence of said members and said horizontal portion, the adjacent horizontal top wall being connected to a central part of said diagonal portion, a diagonal strut extending from a point on said compression member adjacent one of said columns to said diagonal portion, and a horizontal strut extending between a lower part of the inner box section :2d the horizontal portion of said tension mem- 28. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacent their ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journal opening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, each comprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a spring seat for 8 aaa-mee support of said frame. and spaced columns form` ing with said members a central bolster opening, said tension member having a horizontal portion beneath said bolster opening, and a diagonal portion extending `upwardly between the mergence. of said members and said horizontal portion, a diagonal strut extending from a point on said compression member adjacent one of said columns to said diagonal portion, said diagonal 5 member at a common point. v

ROBERT ia.. comm.'

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