US2608251A

US2608251A - Psychiatric window construction

Info

Publication number: US2608251A
Application number: US104088A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph F Heintzel
Original assignee: Detroit Steel Products Co Inc
Current assignee: Detroit Steel Products Co Inc
Priority date: 1949-07-11
Filing date: 1949-07-11
Publication date: 1952-08-26
Anticipated expiration: 1969-08-26

Description

Aug. 26, 1952 J. F. HEINTZEL PSYCHIATRIC WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 11, 1949 a v m' INVENTOR.

JOSEPH F. HEINTZEL BY 4 ATTORNEYS g- 26, 1952 J. F. HEINTZEL 2,608,251

PSYCHIATRIC WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed July 11, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.3.

FIG.6.

INVENTOR. JOSEPH F. HEINTZEL \IB4 I WWW ATTORNEYS 26, 1952 J. F. HEINTZEL PSYCHIATRIC WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 11. 1949 O QE m3 wmm NNN 1 Ohm mmm. mmm

NON

INVENTOR.

JOSEPH F. HEINTZEL BYW ATT RNEYS Patented Aug. 26, 1952 PSYCHIATRIC WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Joseph F. Heintzel, Erie, Pa., assignor to Detroit Steel Products Company, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Application July 11, 1949, Serial No. 104,088

19 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to psychiatric window construction and more particularly to a psychiatric screen for use therein.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a psychiatric screen characterized by its ability to resume its normal shape after displacement by forces applied thereto from the room side.

' More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a psychiatric screen, the borders of which are concealed behind an inwardly extending flange provided at the room side of the screen, the edges of the screen being displaceable outwardly away from the weather side of the flanges upon the application of force to the room side of the screen.

It is a feature of the present invention to provide psychiatric screen construction comprising a rigid frame, screen cloth shaped to close the opening of the frame and provided along its edges with separate unconnected strips and resilient tensioning means connecting the edge of the screen cloth to the adjacent bars of the frame.

It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a psychiatric screen comprising a rigid frame, screen cloth filling the opening in the frame, border strips at the edges of the screen cloth, said strips comprising channel portions, and resilient means interconnecting the strips; and bars of the frame, said resilient means comprising compression springs received within the channels in the strips.

Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent as the description pro- .ceeds, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a fragmentary vertical section through a psychiatric window constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating the detailed construction of the screen frame and associated elements.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary section on the line 3-3, Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a transverse section through a portion of a modified form of psychiatric screen.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary elevation of the structure illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a transverse section through a portion of another modified form of psychiatric screen.

Figure 7 is a transverse section through a portion of still another modified form of psychiatric screen.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view through a modified construction.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional View showing yet another modification of the structure.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view showing yet another modification of the structure.

The use of screens in place of bars in psychiatric wards has increased advantages, among which is the fact that the screens are in appear-- ance no different from ordinary window screens so that the inmate is not constantly reminded of the fact that he is under restraint. However, in many cases these screens are subject to considerable abuse. If the patient is violent he may in many cases beat upon the screen or throw himself against the screen so that it must be able to withstand relatively strong forces applied from the room side thereof. Moreover,

while it is essential that the screen shall be made in such a manner as to give or yield somewhat when force is applied, it is also essential that the. screen resume its original condition and appearance after .the application of such force is discontinued. It is also essential that the screen be designed in such manner that its operation cannot, be destroyed by abuse. Thus for example, certain types of patients may endeavor to stuff cloth, paper or other material into any opening or crevices which are present.

The present screen has been designed to take care of the foregoing requirements and to present a screen which is at once pleasing in appearance and economical to construct.

Referring now to Figures 1-3 there is illustrated a psychiatric window adapted to be applied to an opening in a building. The window construction includes casing elements comprising an upper transverse element IQ, a lower transverse element l2, and vertical side elements I4 and IS. The elements [0, l2, I l and I6 are preferably interconnected at their corners or at all events, are rigidly secured to the border of the building opening so that they in effect constitute a rigid support for the structure.

Mounted at the weather side of the building opening is a window construction indicated generally at 20. which comprises

stationary frame elements

21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. The frame element 22 extends horizontally across an intermediate portion of the window frame and provides an upper opening which is closed by a movable ventilator 26 and a lower opening which is closed by a similar movable ventilator 28. The

ventilators 2'6 and 28 may be .of standard construction and standard mounting but are illustrated herein as mounted for outward swinging -movement. They are interconnected 'for such movement by a link Bdwhich interconnects arms 3| and 32 provided on the ventilator frame. Suitable operating mechanism is indicated at 34 and includes an operating handle 36 accessible from the interior of the room. The operating mechanism is effective to move the lower portion of the ventilator 2B outwardly and this motion will be transmitted to the upper ventilator 26 through the medium of the link previouslydefined.

The psychiatric screen construction comprises a rigid, frame made up of a plurality of rigid bars, the upper bar as indicated in Figure 1 at 40 and the lower bar at 42. The side bars are indicated at 44 and 46 in Figure 3. The bars are of identical cross section and are suitably.

interconnected at the corners of the frame as by welding. As best seen in Figure 3, the rigid frame construction is adapted to seat in the window casing, the vertical elements l4 and I6 thereof having seats 50 formed therein. At the top and bottom the frame seats against flanged elements 5| and 52 respectively. The frame is provided with a hinge indicated generally at 54 which is concealed when the window is in closed position as indicated in Figure 3, but which operates to expose the outer edge of-the side bar 44 when the screen frame is swung to open position.

Referring now to Figure 2 the detailed construction of the screen frame and of the screen carried thereby is best illustrated. In this figure the screen frame bar 40 is illustrated as formed of a single piece of sheet metal bent to form a main portion 60 and an inwardly extending flange portion 6|. The flange portion 6| at its inner edge is inclined as indicated at 62 and is reversely bent as indicated at 63.

The central opening intermediate the bars of the frame is closed by screen cloth 65 which is of course selected for its strength so as to be able to withstand abuse in use. At each of the four edges of the screen cloth 65 there is provided a separate strip 10 which also is formed of a single piece of sheet metal. The strip 10 is shaped to provide a main channel portion H and an oppositely facing relatively small channel 12 at its inner edge. The edge of the screen cloth 65 is secured to the strip in any suitable manner but preferably it is splined into'the groove or channel 12, suitable splining material for this purpose being indicated in Figure 2 at 14.

Each ofthe strips 10 is connected only to the screen cloth and the several strips are thus independent of each other-and are independently movable.

The screen composed'of the screen cloth 65 and the several strips 10 are retained in the opening of the screen frame 40 by suitable tension means. This tension means is illustrated in Figure 2 as comprising a bolt 15 having a rounded head 16 located within the hollow box section of the main portion 60 of the screen frame. Located within the channel H of the strip 10 is a spring abutment which is in the form of a nut 11 threaded to the bolt 15. Preferably the nut TI is provided with at least one elongated flat side in contact with the bottom wall of the channel 1! so that rotation of the bolt 15 will result in adjustment of spring tension. The bolt 15 passes through an opening 18 formed in the inner wall 19 of the bar 40 and passes through a similar opening 80 provided in the outer wall- 8| of the channel portionH. The outer wall 82 of the frame bar is provided with an opening 83 to provide access to the head of the bolt 15.

Received within the channel H is a compres-- sion spring and as will be readily apparent, rotation of the bolt 15 as by a screw driver inserted through the opening 83, will result in adjustment of the compression of the spring 15 and hence of its effectiveness. Preferably, the open side of the channel 'H is closed in use, and in Figure 2 there is illustrated a sheet metal cover 81 which is adapted to be snapped in place. It will be understood that as seen in Figure 2, the left side of the screen is the weather side and the right side of the screen is the room side.

The parts are so arranged that a relatively great tension is applied to the screen cloth 65 by the compression springs 85. The number of compression springs spaced along both the vertical and horizontal frame bars may be as desired and will of course depend upon the strength of the springs employed. However, it is emphasized that relatively strong tension may be conveniently applied in the manner illustrated.

The parts are constructed and arranged so that in normal position the screen cloth 65 rests against the weather side of the flange portion 6| of the frame bars. If a relative strong local force is applied to the portion of the screen cloth directly adjacent one of the flanges 6|, two things occur. Inthe first place the screen yields, a further compression of the spring 85 taking place as a result. In the second place the screen is forced outwardly away from the flange 6|, this taking place in part as a rocking movement of the strip 10 about a pivot axis determined substantially by the engagement between the rounded head 15 of the bolt and the opening 18. Thus as the screen is moved away from the flange it is not subjected to any wear, rubbing or hammering. It will be observed that the frame members such as 40, are provided with a single inwardly extending flange so that as the screen and border strips are forced away from the flange, there is no other structural element on' the frame bars which they can engage.

Inasmuch as the screen structure serves in part as a detention screen it is essential to provide secure locking means which will prevent removal of the screen or unauthorized tampering with its elements. In Figure 3 there is illustrated a locking bolt which extends through the walls 9| and 92 of the frame bar 46. Preferably, the bolt 90 is one of a plurality of such locking bolts, three normally being provided. In order to effect simultaneous actuation of the bolts they are provided with laterally extending actuators 93 which extend into cam slots 94 provided in a vertical movable bar 95. Suitable locking means are provided for preventing unauthorized shifting of the bar 95 to efiect movementof the bolts 90.

Referring now to Figures 4 and 5 there is illustrated a modified form of the present invention. In this case, the casing is indicated at I00 and suitably received within the casing is the rigid screen frame I02. In Figure 4 a hinge connection [04 is indicated between the screen frame and the casing. The screen frame comprises an inwardly extending flange I06 which is located on the room side of the screen. The opposite side of the screen frame and extending inwardly thereof a lesser distance, is a flange I08 which supports a pivot pin I I0. Pivoted to the pin H0 is a curved strip I 12 to the opposite end of which is secured an edge of the screen cloth N4, the connection in this instance being effected by a clamping strip H6 screwed or otherwise secured to the strip H2. A relatively strong leafspring III! is provided around the pivot pin H0 and has laterally extending cars which engage the adjacent portions of the flange M12 and the curved strip I I2. The leaf spring I I8 is designed to provide a relatively great force tending to rotate the strip H2 in a clockwise direction as seen in Figure 4. Obviously of course, a separate strip such as II2 will be provided at the top, bottom and each sideofthe screen cloth II4.

In this case when a force is applied'to the room side of the screen cloth (the upper side as viewed in Figure 4), the screen cloth is forced away from the flange I96, this motion being permitted by rotation and possibly some flexing of the curved strip II2. At the same time, when the force against the room side of thescreen cloth H4 is discontinued, the leaf spring will effect rotation of the curved strip II2 counterclockwise as seen in Figure 4, thus causing the screen cloth to resume its positionin contact with the outwardly curved edge of the flange I99 and also to apply sufiicient tension thereto to keep the screen smooth and even. Referring now to Figure 6 there is illustrated a somewhat different embodiment of the invention. In this case, the screen frame I29 has a first flange I22 which extends inwardly at the room side thereof a substantial distance, and a second inturned flange portion I24 which is reversely bent as indicated at I29 to provide an outwardly facing hook. The border strip I39 of Y the screen cloth I32 is secured to the frame bar I29 by means of a bolt I34 having a headed portion in the form of a hook as indicated at I95. Again, the bolt I34 carries a compression spring I36 which is retained in compression by an adjustable nut I31.

Referring now to Figure 7 a somewhat different embodiment of the invention is illustrated. In this case the frame bar is indicated at I49 and includes an inwardly extending flange I42 at the room side thereof. The screen cloth I44 is secured to the screen strip I46 through the medium of a separate strip I48 welded to a flat portion I59 provided on the strip I46. In this case, as in the embodiments previously described, the screen strips I46 are independent and are independently secured to the adjacent frame bars by suitable tensioning means. In this figurethe tensioning means comprises a compression spring I52 seated against a nut I54 carried by an adjusting bolt I55.

Referring now to Figure 8 there is illustrated a somewhat difierent embodiment of the present invention. In this case the rigidly interconnected frame bars I19 include a hollow box section I12, the inner wall of which asindicated at I14, has a rounded opening I16 for the reception of the adjusting bolts I18. Extending inwardly from the hollow box section I12, the-frame bars include an inwardly extending flange I89, the inner .portion of which is inturned as indicated at I82 and the edge of which is reversely-bentas indicated at I84. Located within the rigid frame provided by the framebars I19 is the screen cloth I86 supported at its edges by four separate border strips I98. As in the modifications previously described the border strips are independent of each other and are resiliently urged outwardly by meansof compression springs I99. In order to accomplish this result each of the strips I88 comprises an outer flange I92, the edge of which at the weather side of the construction is inturned as indicated at I94. From thewall side of the flange I92, the strip extends inwardly as indicated at I96 and connects with a transversely extending portion I98. Inwardly of the frame from the portion I98 is'a flat portion 299 located substantially midway between the sides of the construction. The screen cloth I86 is secured to the portion 299 by suitable means. In this figure the screen cloth is illustrated as attached to the portion 299 by means of a separate strip 292 welded thereto. At the inner edge of the portion 299 there is a reversely bent out- I wardly inclined flange portion 284. It will thus be observed that the strip I88 is generally in a form to provide housing space for the compres- 2 I9 have inwardly extending resilient finger portions 2 I4 and 2 I6 so'that they may be readily removed and replaced as desired.

A somewhat modified construction is illustrated in Figure 9. In this case the turned portion I94 of the flange I92 is provided with a resilient grommet 229 which 'may be formed of rubber or the like. Overlying the rubber grommet or sealing strip 229 is a sheet metal cover 222 which may be similar to the cover 2! illustrated in Figure 8. In this case however, the doubled portion 224 of the cover 222 does not extend to overlie the space between the wall I14 and the flange I92, since this space is effectively closed by a feather edge 226 of the rubber grommet 229. Moreover, the cover strip 222 is provided with an inturned flange 228 which in assembly is hooked over the rubber grommet, the opposite edge of the strip 222 having resilient attaching means such as illustrated at 2I6 in Figure 8.

Referring now to Figure 10 there is illustrated a somewhat modified construction. In this case the frame bars 239 are of the same configuration as in the previously disclosed modifications. However, the border strip 232 is generally reversed as compared to the strips previously described 50 that the strip itself in conjunction with the frame bar 239 defines a substantially closed chamber or recess.

More specifically, the border strip 239 comprises an outer end flange 234 which is outwardly and reversely bent to define a sealing flange 236. The strip is provided with an intermediate portion 238 extending generally parallel to the plane of the'article. At its inner edge the portion 238 is bent transversely as indicated at 249 and thence inwardly to provide an inwardly extending fiange 242. The wire cloth 244 is secured to the flange 242' as by welding indicated at 248 in conjunction with a metal strip 248. Preferably, the outer marginal edge portion of the wire cloth is crimped around the outer edge of the strips 248 as indicated at 259.

The mechanism for applying tension to the wire cloth comprises the bolt 252 whose head is seated in a "rounded recess 254 provided in the inner wall 256 of the frame bar. At its inner end the bolt 252 has secured thereto a threaded nut 299 which as illustrated is provided with a collar 2B2 adapted to'extend into the end of the helical spring 284. The bolt 252 extends through an opening 266 provided in the outer end flange 234 of the border strip 232. The material surroundtending portion of the screen frame.

ing the opening 266 may be extended inwardly to form a collar 268 which may extend into the outer end of the helical coil spring 264. This arrangement permits pre-assembly of the spring and nut assembly before placement of the border strips 232 into the frame 230. Thereafter, the bolts 252 may be introduced through openings 210 formed in the outer wall 2'12 of the frame bars.

In the modifications illustrated in Figures 8 to 10 it will be observed that the interior of the mechanism is effectively closed from the weather side. In the first instance, by means of the cover plate 2H] and its outward extension 2I2, in the second instance by the cover plate 222 and the associated rubber grommet 220, and in the third case by the flange 236.

In all of the embodiments illustrated it will be observed that the screen element, comprising the screen cloth and the separate independent stiffening strips located at the edge of the screen cloth, is strongly tensioned in the opening in the screen frame and in normal position is located against the weathersurface of an inwardly ex- Outward movement of the screen is restrained only by the action of the tensioning means and no matter how far out the screen may be forced, it does not come into engagement with any other fixed element. This of course prevents wear on the screen and prevents damage thereto such as would be encountered if the edges of the screen cloth extended into a slot for attachment to the tensioning means.

In the foregoing description attention is directed to the fact that the construction resulted in the screen being held against the inwardly extending flange on the frame bars. It is desirable for the parts to be so arranged that the screen actually contacts the weather side surface of these flanges inasmuch as it is important to prevent inmates from cramming material into the space between the screen and the border frame bar. However, it is'appreciated that in practice the screen may assume a position spaced very slightly from the flange of 'the frame bar.

Accordingly in the claims language has been adopted defining the screen as directly adjacent the weather side of the flanges. This language is intended to mean that the screen is either in contact with or is spaced a very slight distance from the weather side of the flanges.

To avoid confusion in the terms employed the following explanation is made: The term "room side" is applied to designate ardirection or location of parts at the side of the window located interiorly of the buildingf The term weather side" is applied to indicate a direction or location of parts at the outside of the building, or in other words, at the side of the construction exposed to the weather. The term inner is used to designate a direction or location of parts inwardly of the window opening from the side edges thereof. The term outer is used to designate a direction or location of parts outwardly of the window opening from the centerithereof. Thus, in the embodiment of the invention disclosed in Figure 8, the screen strips I88 are located inwardly of the hollow box section I12 of the frame bars. The flange I98 of the screen strip is located inwardly of the flange I92. The screen strip I88 is located at the weather side of the flange I80. The flange I80 is located atthe room side of the frame bars I10.

The drawings and the foregoing specification,

constitute a description of the improved psychiatric window construction in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. Psychiatric window construction comprising a rigid frame formed of bars of hollow rectangular section each having room side, inside, weather side and outside walls, the room side wall continuing inwardly beyond said inside wall and having an inner edge portion located substantially midway between the room side and weather side walls, a screen in said frame comprising a screen cloth having separate rigid strips secured to its edges, the edges of said screen being located inwardly of the inner walls of said bars and said screen cloth being directly adjacent the weather side edge of said inner edge portion, said strips having inner edge portions angularly disposed to the plane of the screen and having free edges substantially coplanar with the weather side walls of said bars, removable closures secured to said strips and movable therewith, said closures having portions overlying the weather side walls of said bars, and resilient means concealed by said closures interconnecting said bars and said strips and tensioning said screen.

2. Structure as defined in claim 1 in which said resilient means comprise compression springs, and means for adjusting said springs comprising threaded members extending through the inner walls of said bars, the outer walls thereof having openings for affording access to said threaded members.

3. Psychiatric screen structure for a window opening comprising a rigid border frame surrounding the opening, said frame comprising bars connected at their ends and each comprising a wall perpendicular to the plane of the window opening and a single flange extending inwardly of the window opening at the room side edge of said wall, a screen mounted under lateral tension within said frame, said screen comprising a screen cloth, rigid screen strips secured to the edges of said screen cloth, said strips being independent of each other and relatively movable, each of said strips being located inwardly of the window opening from the said wall of the adjacent bar and closely adjacent to the weather side of the adjacent flange thereof and freely movable away from the weather side of said flange, supporting means for said frame, said frame supporting means and said frame with the exception of the said flanges being located in their entirety outwardly beyond the edges of said screen, and resilient means connecting each of said strips to the adjacent wall of said border frame.

4. Structure as defined in claim 3 in which said strips each comprises a pair of channels, one of said channels constituting means for receiving said resilient means, the other of said channels constituting a groove into which an edge of the screen cloth is splined.

5. Structure as defined in claim 3 in which each of said strips comprises a channel having inner and outer side walls which extend perpendicular to the plane of the window opening, and said resilient means comprises compression springs located between the opposite side walls of said channel and seated against the outer side wall thereof, and adjusting members extending 9 through said springs, said members having heads engaging said springs at the side thereof inwardly of said window opening and heads engaging the outer side of the wall of the adjacent bar 6. Structure as defined in claim in which the open sides of said channels face toward the flange of the adjacent frame bar to define a chamber therewith protecting and concealing said springs.

7. Structure as defined in claim 6 in which said strips have outwardly extending flanges at the weather side thereof overlying the weather side of said border frame bars and closing the space between said bars and strips.

8. Structure as defined in claim 5 in which the said walls of said bars are provided with enlarged openings through which said members extend, and the last mentioned heads of said members are rounded to provide for rocking of said members.

9. Structure as defined in claim 5 in which said channels are open at the weather side thereof, and comprise removable cover plates carried by said channels and closing the open side of said channels.

10. Structure as defined in claim 9 in which said covers include lateral projections overlying the space between said strips and the said walls of said bars.

11. Structure as defined in claim 3 in which each of said flanges includes an inclined portion at the free inner edge thereof extending toward the weather side of the opening, and said channel strips each include a flange extending inwardly from the edge of the inner side wall of said channel into proximity to the edge of the inclined portion.

12. In a psychiatric screen construction, a screen comprising a screen cloth, rigid strips secured to the edges of said cloth, said strips being separate and independently movable, each of said strips comprising a channel portion having inner and outer side walls perpendicular to the plane of the screen, said outer side walls having free edges, the inner side wall having an edge terminating in a plane intermediate the weather and room side edges of said outer side wall, a flange extending inwardly of the window opening from the edge of said inner side wall, the edges of said cloth being secured to said flanges, each of said strips having a second flange at the inner edge of said first mentioned flange extending laterally therefrom and terminating in a free edge coplanar with the free edges of the outer side walls of said channels, and a removable cover releasably engaging the free edge of said outer side wall and the free edge of said second flange of each of said strips. I

13. In a screen construction, a rigid frame formed of bars of hollow section interconnected at their corners, each of said bars having a room side, inside, weather side and outside Wall, the room side wall continuing inwardly beyond said inside wall, a screen within said frame comprising a screen cloth having independently movable rigid strips secured to its edges, said strips each including a channel opening transversely of the plane of the frame and having spaced inner and outer side walls, means securing the edges of said screen cloth to the inner side walls of the channels of said strips, tensioning springs in said channels, the inside wall of said bars and the outer side walls of said channels having aligned openings, and adjusting members extending through said openings and having abutments on their inner ends engaging said springs, and abutments on their outer ends engaging the outer surfaces of the inside walls of said bars.

14. Structure as defined in claim 13 in which the openings in the inside walls of said bars are enlarged, and the abutments on the outer ends of said members are rounded to facilitate rocking of said members.

15. Structure as defined in claim 13 in which said channels are open at the weather side of said strips to expose said springs to the weather, and protective covers removably carried by each of said strips and movable therewith to close said channels.

16. Structure as defined in claim 13 comprising a separate detachable cover carried by each of said strips in position to close the channel therein.

17. Structure as defined in claim 16 in which said covers include laterally projecting flanges overlying the spaces between said strips and the inside walls of said bars.

18. In a psychiatric window, a rigid frame comprising frame bars interconnected at their corners, a screen structure therein comprising a screen cloth, rigid screen supporting and tensioning strips connected to the edges of said screen cloth, said strips being independent of each other for individual yielding movement, each of said strips comprising a channel having inner and outer walls, said outer walls having free edges, means securing the edges of said screen cloth to the inner channel walls, spring tensioning means within said channels and connected to the adjacent frame bars, and cover strips releasably secured to said channels to close the open sides thereof.

19. Structure as defined in claim 18 in which the means securing the edges of said screen cloth to the inner walls of said channel comprises flange means extending inwardly from the inner walls of said channels and located intermediate the weather side and room side of the outer walls of said channels, said flange means including edge parts located inwardly of and substantially coplanar with the free edges of the outer walls of said channels, said cover strips being detachably secured to and extending between said free edges and edge parts.

JOSEPH F. HEINTZEL.

REFERENCES (JITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,099,959 Wylie June 16, 1914 1,705,132 iNorquest Mar. 12, 1929 1,917,579 Galeener July 11, 1933 2,197,489 'Irulock Apr. 16, 1940 2,385,585 Pillsbury Sept. 25, 1945 2,417,711 Smith Mar. 18, 1947 2,436,277 Willett Feb. 17, 1948