US2607722A - Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel - Google Patents
Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2607722A US2607722A US724912A US72491247A US2607722A US 2607722 A US2607722 A US 2607722A US 724912 A US724912 A US 724912A US 72491247 A US72491247 A US 72491247A US 2607722 A US2607722 A US 2607722A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- stainless steel
- electrolyte
- water
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title description 37
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150057833 THEG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 as for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
Definitions
- This invention relates to the polishing of copper, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cumeta1, more especially to a process and an eleclumbium, titanium, sulphur, selenium, phostrolyte for electrolytically polishing the same.
- phorus and the'lik'e for special purposes, and a object of my invention is the provision of remainder which is substantially all iron.
- Another object is that of providing a process
- sa'ry amount of mechanical work for polishing is the-prowhere the metal to be polished has relatively invision of a highly efiective electrolytic polishing accessible areas by reason of'sha'pe or contour. solution which remains fluid at low tempera- Then, too, in polishing.
- the invention accordingly consists in the comelectrolytic polishing far surpasses mechanical ination of elements, composition of materials, polishing methodsfrom the point of view of time and inthe several operations steps and the re-'- consumed during the-a'ctualpolishingoperations lation of each of the same to one or more of the and results obtained.
- Electrolytic polishing enothers as described herein, the. scope of the 'ap- 39 ables the achievement of greater surface brilplic'ation of which is indicated in thefollowing liance and improved beauty, there being evenclaims. ness and uniformity of finish despite intricate ,In the singleview of'the accompanying'draw contours or angularities;which-may have been ing I graphically. illustrate the composition enequntered'for po1ishing, w I,
- the eleche'steel has a dull graYaDD a G aft trolyte is opento'one or more of the objections polishing a es on a brightness which remains 5 of having low electrical-conductivity, poor throw- W h a Permanence as under conditions of ooring power which renders it diificul-t to polish rosive attack.
- the steel actually varies in its deep-drawn, angular or other "deep-shaped obcorros'ioneresistancei and other properties a'c-' jects, a'toolow polishing rate asapplied tostaincording. to composition and treatment, but for less steel, and a lowboil-ing point leading to exe Sa e Of definition usually is recognized as cessive evaporation.
- Many of th solutions have containing from. 0.01 to 0.25%. or substantially an exceedingly high init'al'cos re xtre'mely more carbon, and about.10% to 35%. or more expensive t mai ai chromium, these elements being-presentwith or still other pOj without nickel, and with or without. supplemental; additions ofv manganese; silicon, acobalt, 5
- An outstanding object of my invention accordingly is the provision of a process for electrolytically polishing stainless steel, employing a polishing solution and conditions of operation which are practical and conducive to the achievement of satisfactorily polished stainless steel surfaces, which process is economical in initial cost and maintenance of the electrolyte solution employed, and which is well suited for shutdown at relatively low temperatures over extended periods of time without substantial solidification of the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte advantageously is an aqueous solution composed of or containing, by weight, at least about 20% up to approximately '7 glycolic acid, at least about 15% up to about 55% sulphuric acid and at least about 5% up to about 30% water, these figures being predicated'upon acids in anhydrous state.
- the composition range employed is'generally indicated by the solid line ring in the accompanying drawing.
- the electrolyte afforded for my electro-chemical polishing process is conveniently shipped in suitable containers as a solution which is ready for direct use without need for admixing of the several ingredients by the consumer. Where desired, of course, the ingredients may be mixed or replenished at the point of use.
- the electrolyte has the highly important characteristic of resisting solidification under usual temperature conditions of transit and at temperatures considerably below ordinary room temperatures where the application of heat for the polishing process has been discontinued in favor of resuming operations at a later time. As further characteristics, the electrolyte has high electrical conductivity, good throwing power and a sufficiently'high boiling point to enable high temperature use without excessive losses by evaporation. 7
- I employ a suitable tank for containing the electrolyte in the stainlesssteel polishing operations, this container advantageously being lined with acid-resisting material, as for example, lead, ceramic or glass.
- the electrolyte, which I pour into the tank preferably contains by weight about 55% glycolic acid, approximately 30% sulphuric acid, and the remainder substantially all water.
- This solution I find is extremely valuable for achieving an electrolytically polishedsurface on the steel and, moreover, is capable of resisting solidification at temperatures even lower than about 2".
- I immerse one or more stainless steel products in the electrolyte illustratively a low-carbon 18-8 chromium-nickel stainless steel sink strainer possessing; a cold-rolled surface having an area of about twenty-square inches and make the same the anode .iby,.connection with a suitable source ,of direct current electrical supply.
- oneoramorerjcathodes such as of lead, copper or other electrically conductive material connected with thesource of'electrical supply.
- the cathode area is not critical'but in order to achieve most satisfactory results I usuallyfindcit .best to have the cathodes of a size commensurate withithe bodily extent of the stainless steel to bexpolished, this for obtaining a more uniform polishing action.
- the supply of heat for this purpose conveniently is afforded from a suitable heating coil immersed in the electrolyte or built into the tank wall.
- My process further is amenable to electro chemically treating stainless steel objects such as wire which are continuously moved through the glycolic acid electrolyte.
- stainless steel objects such as wire which are continuously moved through the glycolic acid electrolyte.
- I subject 0.045 inch diameter 18-8 chromium-nickel stainless steel wire to continuous feeding through an electrolyte containing approximately 50% glycolic acid, 33% sulphuric acid and the remainder substantially all water, the operations being in a polishing tank some 10 feet in length and at a feeding speed of about 5 feet per minute longitudinally through the tank.
- Six equally spaced copper anodes such as rollers illustratively provide contacts for the 'wire, while for example cathodes made of straight lengths ofcopper bus bar extend on opposite sides of the wire for the length of the tank.
- I employ a current density of some 6.5 amperes per square inch of the immersed wire surface and a solution temperature of about 50 0.
- a rinsing tank preferably adapted for recovery of dragoff of the electrolyte.
- My electrolytic polishing process is successfully practiced on articles and products in which the stainless steel is of widely varying quality whether of the straight chromium or chromiumnickel grade, and reliably gives uniformly pol-' ished surfaces even where surfaces of intricate contour are encountered.
- the metal under treatment possesses a hammered surface such as is often the case of ornamental trim, hardware, and objects of art including frames, bowls and urns, an even, lustrous polish nevertheless is obtained.
- Other stainless steel surfaces encountered on grilles, trays, and the like, fabricated by the welding of wire, strip and other converted forms, also are polished successfully.
- the polished surfaces achieved are substantially 6 free 'of pits, scratches or blemishes, and the welded portions likewise are free of burns, thus resisting corrosion and maintaining their attractiveness over a long period f time.
- The-treatment in accordance with my invention is at times useful for such purposes as electrolytically removing thicknesses of metal, in the sense of a machining operation, for achieving desired dimensions of products as well as a smooth finish.
- the electrolytic polishing process which I pro- .vide, moreover, is economical and capable of being carried out under operating conditions which are easy to control, or shut down as desired, as during the expeditious mass production of p01- ished stainless steel articles of outstanding surface; quality.
- the equipment and materials needed in the process are readily available and in actual use call for-little space for the electrolytic treatment.
- glycolic-acid, sulphuric/acid and water are highly critical constituents in the electrolyte employed in my process
- amounts of other constituents which-do not substantially impair effectiveness of the solution also may be present, if desired.
- ity is, readily apparent that the beneficial results of my process will be partially retained where the glycolic acid is partially replaced by some other aliphatic carboxylic acid, for example citric acid, or even an inorganic buffer, for example phosphoric acid, as employed in prior electropolishing processes.
- an electrolytically polished stainless steel product comprising, subjecting the metal to anodic treatment in an electrolytic bath essentially consisting of 20% to glycolic acid, 10% to 60% sulphuric acid and 2% to 35% water, all figures being by weight and based upon anhydrous acids.
- an electrolytically polished stainless steel product comprising, subjecting the metal to anodic treatment in an electrolytic bath essentially consisting of, by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids, about 20% to 80% glycolic acid, about 10% to 60% sulphuric acid and the remainder substantially all water, this amounting to not over about 35%, while maintaining a temperature of the electrolytic bath ranging between about 25 C. and C. and a sufiiciently high current density to electrically remove metal from the surface under treatment and achieve a high polish.
- an eelctrolytically polished stainless steel product which comprises, subjecting the steel to anodictreatment in an electrolytic bath essentially consisting of, by weight and predicatedupon anhydrous acids, about 20% to 80% glycolic acid, approximately to 60% sulphuric acid, and about 2% to 35% water, while maintaining a current density of approximately 0.2 to 10 amperes per square inch of metal surface under treatment and a temperature ofthe electrolytic bath ranging between about 25 C. and 150 C.
- an electrolytically polished stainless steel product which comprises, subjecting the steel to treatment in an electrolytic bath by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids consisting of approximately 55% glycolic acid, about 30% sulphuric acid, and the remainder substantially all water.
- an electrolytically polished stainless steel product comprising, subjecting the metal to anodic treatment in an electrolytic bath by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids essentially consisting of about 20% to70% glycolic acid, about to 55% sulphuric acid, and about 5% to 30% water, while maintaining a current density of approximately 0.5 to 1 .0 ampere per square inch of the metal surfaceundertreatment and a temperature of the electrolytic bath ranging between about 80 C. and 100 C.
- an electrolytically polished stainless steel product which comprises, subjecting the steel to anodic treatment in an electrolytic bath by weight and predi cated upon anhydrous acids composed of approximately 55% glycolic acid, about 30% sulphuric acid and the remainder substantially all water, while maintaining a current density of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 ampere per square inch of the metal surface under treatment and a temperature of the electrolytic bath ranging between about 80 C. and 100 C.
- An electrolyte solution of the character described essentially consisting of as the principal constituents thereof, 20% to 80% glycolic acid, 10% to sulphuric acid and remainder substantially all water up to 35%, all figures being' by weight and based upon anhydrous acids.
- An electrolyte solution of the character described essentially consisting of, by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids, at least about 20% but not over glycolic acid, at least about 10% but not over 60% sulphuric acid, and at least about 2% but not over 35% water.
- An electrolyte solution having non-freezing tendencies at low temperatures and essentially consisting of, by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids, about 20% to 70% glycolic acid and about 15% to 55% sulphuric acid, and about 5% to 30% water.
- An electrolyte solution having non-freezing tendencies at low temperatures and essentially consisting of, by weight and predicated upon anhydrous acids, about 55% glycolic acid, approximately 30% sulphuric acid, and the remainder substantially all water.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE476971D BE476971A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1947-01-28 | ||
| US724912A US2607722A (en) | 1947-01-28 | 1947-01-28 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
| CH274534D CH274534A (fr) | 1947-01-28 | 1947-10-30 | Procédé de traitement électrolytique des métaux. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US724912A US2607722A (en) | 1947-01-28 | 1947-01-28 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2607722A true US2607722A (en) | 1952-08-19 |
Family
ID=24912415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US724912A Expired - Lifetime US2607722A (en) | 1947-01-28 | 1947-01-28 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2607722A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE476971A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH274534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2773821A (en) * | 1956-06-12 | 1956-12-11 | Electro Gleam Inc | Composition for use in electropolishing |
| US2994664A (en) * | 1958-02-19 | 1961-08-01 | Nalco Chemical Co | Dry acid cleaning compositions |
| US3019194A (en) * | 1957-02-18 | 1962-01-30 | Alan D Brite | Cleaning composition and method |
| US3041285A (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1962-06-26 | Purex Corp Ltd | Composition for cleaning and polishing aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US3054737A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-09-18 | British Iron Steel Research | Process and bath for electrosmoothing ferrous metals |
| US4935112A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-06-19 | Seneca Wire And Manufacturing Company | Continuous steel strand electrolytic processing |
| US5087342A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1992-02-11 | Seneca Wire And Manufacturing Company | Continuous steel strand electrolytic processing |
| FR2747399A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Electrolyte pour l'electropolissage, procede d'electropolissage d'un acier inoxydable ou d'un alliage de nickel mettant en oeuvre cet electrolyte, et son application a la decontamination |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2335354A (en) * | 1939-02-06 | 1943-11-30 | Rustless Iron & Steel Corp | Polishing stainless iron and steel |
| US2382865A (en) * | 1942-04-10 | 1945-08-14 | Du Pont | Bright dip |
-
0
- BE BE476971D patent/BE476971A/xx unknown
-
1947
- 1947-01-28 US US724912A patent/US2607722A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1947-10-30 CH CH274534D patent/CH274534A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2335354A (en) * | 1939-02-06 | 1943-11-30 | Rustless Iron & Steel Corp | Polishing stainless iron and steel |
| US2382865A (en) * | 1942-04-10 | 1945-08-14 | Du Pont | Bright dip |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3041285A (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1962-06-26 | Purex Corp Ltd | Composition for cleaning and polishing aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2773821A (en) * | 1956-06-12 | 1956-12-11 | Electro Gleam Inc | Composition for use in electropolishing |
| US3019194A (en) * | 1957-02-18 | 1962-01-30 | Alan D Brite | Cleaning composition and method |
| US2994664A (en) * | 1958-02-19 | 1961-08-01 | Nalco Chemical Co | Dry acid cleaning compositions |
| US3054737A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-09-18 | British Iron Steel Research | Process and bath for electrosmoothing ferrous metals |
| US4935112A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1990-06-19 | Seneca Wire And Manufacturing Company | Continuous steel strand electrolytic processing |
| US5087342A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1992-02-11 | Seneca Wire And Manufacturing Company | Continuous steel strand electrolytic processing |
| FR2747399A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Electrolyte pour l'electropolissage, procede d'electropolissage d'un acier inoxydable ou d'un alliage de nickel mettant en oeuvre cet electrolyte, et son application a la decontamination |
| WO1997039168A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Electrolyte pour l'electropolissage, procede d'electropolissage d'un acier inoxydable ou d'un alliage de nickel mettant en oeuvre cet electrolyte, et son application a la decontamination |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE476971A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| CH274534A (fr) | 1951-04-15 |
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