US2599753A - Wave guide phase shifter - Google Patents

Wave guide phase shifter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2599753A
US2599753A US640498A US64049846A US2599753A US 2599753 A US2599753 A US 2599753A US 640498 A US640498 A US 640498A US 64049846 A US64049846 A US 64049846A US 2599753 A US2599753 A US 2599753A
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United States
Prior art keywords
phase
plate
wave
wave guide
phase shifter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US640498A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fox Arthur Gardner
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL128055D priority Critical patent/NL128055B/xx
Priority to NL73821D priority patent/NL73821C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US640498A priority patent/US2599753A/en
Priority to FR933841D priority patent/FR933841A/fr
Priority to GB37768/46A priority patent/GB641227A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2599753A publication Critical patent/US2599753A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H01P1/172—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a dielectric element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/182—Waveguide phase-shifters

Definitions

  • FIG. 3A WAVE GUIDE PHASE SHIFTER Filed Jan. ll, 1946 POLARIZATION POLAkIZATlO/V POLARIZATION VECTOR 1 VECTOR 1 VECTOR E? F I63 FIG. 3A 2 DIELECTRIC sue FIGS
  • This invention relates to the transmission of electro-magnetic waves and more particularly to phase shifters for use in connection with wave guides.
  • An object of the invention is to simplify and improve the construction and operation of phase shifters including, especially, adjustable phase shifters.
  • a feature of the invention is a section of wave guide comprising a conductive boundary, an enclosed dielectric medium and longitudinally disposed therein a plate of dielectric material having a dielectric constant substantially different from that of said medium.
  • a feature of the invention is a microwave phase shifter comprising a section of wave guide loaded by a plate of high dielectric constant disposed longitudinally in the guide section.
  • the wave transmission characteristics will differ for mutually perpendicular orientations of linearly polarized waves referred to the dielectric plate as a reference axis.v
  • Another. feature of the invention is a wave guide phase shifter having a dielectric plate therein adapted to provide a predetermined phase shift over a broad band of frequencies.
  • a further feature of the invention is a wave guide phase shifter that alters the phase velocity of the waves having a certain polarization by a substantially greater amount than waves polarized perpendicular thereto.
  • Still another feature of the invention is a reflectionless wave guide phase shifter having a low loss dielectric plate therein proportioned to transform a linearly polarized wave into a circularly polarized wave.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical wave guide
  • Fig. 1A shows a wave guide phase shifter having an internal dielectric plate in accordance .with the invention
  • Figs. 2, 2A, 2B show explanatory electric force diagrams
  • Figs. 3, 3A show a modification of the wave guide phase shifter
  • Figs. 4, 4A show modifications of the dielectric plate element
  • Figs. 5, 5A show a modified wave guide phase shifter for square pipes.
  • phase shifting action in these devices is developed essentially from the transmission properties of a single frequency or relatively narrow band wave filter.
  • phase shifters in accordance with the present invention overcome the limitations inherent in critical resonance or narrow band phase shifters, and are characterized by the broad-band transmission characteristics of a uniformly loaded wave guide such'as is disclosed in the United States Patent 2,199,083 issued April 30, 1940, to S. A. Schelkunoff.
  • a phase shifter comprises a section of wave guide having a dielectric plate or septum I therein, such as polystyrene or the like, with a high dielectric constant'for providing a prede-- termined shift in the phase of a wave propagated therethrough.
  • the dielectric plate will alter the phase velocity of all polarizations of waves. However, waves linearly polarized parallel thereto will be retarded to a greater degree than waves polarized perpendicular thereto.
  • the plate may be dimensioned and shaped to provide a predetermined difi'erential' 'de-* as possible.
  • phase shift and more particularly a'90 or gree differential shift.
  • The'phase shifter may be rendered practically reilectionless by capacitive reactance screws, so
  • the term dominant wave as used in this specification denotes a wave corresponding to that particular mode having the lowest possible 1 dicated arrow; 1
  • the. phase at 1A and 3A results in an altered cut oif, wave- 3 cut-off frequency in a pipe of predetermined cross-section.
  • linear polarization denotes a state of the electromagnetic field, wherein the electric force vector at 5 the center of the wave guide cross-section, executes as a function of time, simple harmonic motion on astraight line. 7
  • circular and elliptical polarization are characterized by an electric force 10 V 1 separate phase velocities, corresponding to waves seamed parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the plate, respectively, as illustrated in vector at the center of the guide executing a cir cular or elliptical sweep respectively as a-function i of time variation.
  • V 1 separate phase velocities, corresponding to waves seamed parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the plate, respectively, as illustrated in vector at the center of the guide executing a cir cular or elliptical sweep respectively as a-function i of time variation.
  • an elliptical polarized wave may be compounded from two linearly polarized waves i of the same frequency, whose axes of polarization,
  • fronrthisviewpoint circular polarization represents a 2.1291711 and 2,129,712 both issued September 13,
  • phase velocity or propagation of waves in anrempty-hollow pipe wave guide is given by V r c a X r V 1
  • 0 equals the volocity of light in vacuo
  • A equals the wavelength in vacuc
  • ) ⁇ c equals the critical, or cut-off wavelength associated with the propagation of a particular wave mode and a particular cross-section of pipe.
  • the dielectric plate definitely alters 0 formly the phase velocity and critical cut-off frequency for polarizations or orientations of electric field parallel thereto, it has practically a much smaller effect on the corresponding perpendicular polarizations.
  • the plate may be considered to produce a second altered cut-off wavelength M" and phase velocity v".
  • a guide section with a longitudinal dielectric plate may be considered to have two Figs. 2A and 213, respectively.
  • any'desiredphaseshift may be achieved by a suitablechoice of the longitudinal dimension or length L.
  • Such a diiferential phase'shift section may the present invention comprises a low loss'dielectric plate I of polystyrene, attached within fthe guide section so as to possess both 'raldial'and longitudinal extent as illustrated in Fig. 'lA,
  • the plate 1 may extend only part way across the guide section like a fin or completely in a diametr'al plate as shown, and more preferably should possess ahigh dielectric constant, a f i
  • a pair of geometrical *axesjmutually perpendicular is 'set up within "the wave guide” or 0 wave guide section, to which willfco'rrespon'dthe aforementioned different propagation andt'ra'nsmission characteristics, lTheeff'ect ofthe diametral plate I on wave transmission will accord.-
  • Fig. 2 shows the approximate configuration of the electric lines of force in, a uniform circular wave guide as set up by a linear polarized wave.
  • Fig. 2A shows qualitatively the electric force configuration established by thepresence of a diametral dielectric plate in the wave guide, wherein the plane of the plate coincides with the direction of polarization as indicated; while Fig. 2B represents the lines of force, when the plate is perpendicular to the direction of polarization.
  • the phase shifter may form an integral part of a main wave guide ormay be inserted therein or connected thereto as a rotatable joint in the manner more fully disclosed in the United States application of A. G. Fox, Serial No. 464,333, filed November 3, 1942, now Patent No. 2,438,119, issued March 23, 1948.
  • the projection of the plate into the wave guide section along a diametral plane thereof acts to increase the cut-ofi wave-length for the parallel polarization case shown in Fig. 2A, and according to Equation 1, decreases the phase velocity relative to the values appropriate for Figs. 2 or 2B.
  • a linearly polarized, dominant wave is incident upon a phase shifter and let the angle between the axis of polarization and the plane of the dielectric plate be denoted by p.
  • the incident wave may be regarded as the resultant of two linearly polarized components in phase, whose axes of polarization are parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the plane of the plate.
  • the relative amplitudes of the orthogonal components will be related as cosine 13 to sine B.
  • the components will propagate through the wave guide phase shifter with differing phase velocities, the component parallel to the dielectric plate traveling slower. In their progress therethrough the components acquire a phase difference, which increases with the dis tance of wave penetration into the phase shifter.
  • phase shift developed between the two components will depend essentially upon the length of the plate, its thickness and the dielectric constant of the material of which it is made and by proper proportioning of these dimensions and factors, any desired phase shift may be secured.
  • the resultant will in general have been transformed from the input linearly polarized wave to an output elliptically polarized wave.
  • the 180-degree phase shifter possesses the significant property that an incident, linearly polarized wave will emerge linearly polarized for all a: values of the angle 5. However, in general, a change in orientation of the polarization vector will result. 7 Y s As previously disclosed, a longitudinal dielectric plate causes not only a change in phase velocity but also in characteristic impedance relative to the-uniform wave guide section. An abrupt transition in impedance properties between the principal guide and the phase shift section would result in. undesirable and disturbing reflections.
  • capacitive reactance screws 2 (Fig. 3), as disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,432,093 issued December 9, 1947, to A. G. Fox, are provided to set up counteracting reflections, whereby the overall transmission will be essen-. tially reflectionless.
  • the phase shifting dielectric'plate may be made inherently reflectionless by means of impedance matching terminal portions, disclosed in Figs. 4 and 4A.
  • the dielectric. plate I has tapered terminal portions 3 adaptedv to provide a smooth transition and match into the impedance of the principal guide.
  • the impedance matching terminals may be in the form ofa tapering notch 4 as shown in Fig. 4A.
  • This optimum thickness of plate can, of course, be determined either theoretically or experimentally.
  • the theory of wave guides partially filled with solid dielectric is so complex that it is preferable to determine the optimum plate thickness experimentally. This may readily be done by starting with a thick plate and shaving it down in steps, measuring the differential phase shift at each step, and in this way determining a curve of differential phase shift versus plate thicknes from which the optimum plate thickness may be read off.
  • the optimum thickness will be of the order of but somewhat less than half the diameter or width of the wave guide.
  • dielectric material referred to'in this specification has been primarily polystyrene, it should be understood that other low loss dielectrics preferably of high dielectric constant may be used in lieu thereof such as polystyrene loaded with lead chloride, rutile, metallic titanates, and ceramics of strontium titanate or calcium titanate.
  • Dielectric plates of increasing thickness may be utilized to shorten the length L of the phase shift section required to provide a predetermined phase-sh m.
  • Various stapes for the conductive United'States-application "O'f Al GwFox sl ihl NO.

Landscapes

  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
US640498A 1946-01-11 1946-01-11 Wave guide phase shifter Expired - Lifetime US2599753A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL128055D NL128055B (fr) 1946-01-11
NL73821D NL73821C (fr) 1946-01-11
US640498A US2599753A (en) 1946-01-11 1946-01-11 Wave guide phase shifter
FR933841D FR933841A (fr) 1946-01-11 1946-09-24 Dispositif de transmission des ondes électromagnétiques
GB37768/46A GB641227A (en) 1946-01-11 1946-12-23 Phase-shifting devices for wave guide transmission lines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US640498A US2599753A (en) 1946-01-11 1946-01-11 Wave guide phase shifter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2599753A true US2599753A (en) 1952-06-10

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US (1) US2599753A (fr)
FR (1) FR933841A (fr)
GB (1) GB641227A (fr)
NL (2) NL128055B (fr)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762982A (en) * 1951-05-17 1956-09-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Mode conversion in wave guides
US2807018A (en) * 1953-07-27 1957-09-17 Rca Corp Slotted waveguide antenna
US2886785A (en) * 1952-07-30 1959-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave transducer
US2891224A (en) * 1953-06-10 1959-06-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Non-reciprocal wave transmission
US2933731A (en) * 1954-12-08 1960-04-19 Cossor Ltd A C Electromagnetic wave radiators
US2947906A (en) * 1954-08-05 1960-08-02 Litton Industries Inc Delay line
US2948865A (en) * 1955-08-08 1960-08-09 Philips Corp Mode ellipticity correcting device
US2974297A (en) * 1959-04-28 1961-03-07 Sperry Rand Corp Constant phase shift rotator
US2983883A (en) * 1953-01-15 1961-05-09 Gen Precision Inc Micro wave valves
US3025513A (en) * 1955-11-04 1962-03-13 Decca Record Co Ltd Radar apparatus
US3103627A (en) * 1960-05-18 1963-09-10 Polarad Electronics Corp Microwave transmission molecular identification system employing wave propagation mode detectors
US3230537A (en) * 1959-05-22 1966-01-18 Telefunken Ag Feed horn with broad-band compensated polarization changer
US3475757A (en) * 1966-03-03 1969-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reciprocal microwave phasing unit for use in an antenna array
US3546604A (en) * 1964-06-09 1970-12-08 Marathon Oil Co Phase shifters
US3758882A (en) * 1970-11-11 1973-09-11 Licentia Gmbh Polarization converter for microwaves
US4356459A (en) * 1981-03-23 1982-10-26 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corp. Flat phase response septum polarizer
US4420729A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-12-13 Ferranti Plc Microwave phase-shifting apparatus
US4458229A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-07-03 Rca Corporation Dispersion correcting waveguide
US4544900A (en) * 1981-11-18 1985-10-01 Chaparral Communications, Inc. Polarized signal receiver system
US4785266A (en) * 1984-08-20 1988-11-15 The Marconi Company Limited Dielectric rod polarizer having wedge shape polarizing portions
US5760658A (en) * 1993-09-03 1998-06-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Circular-linear polarizer including flat and curved portions
JP2021515499A (ja) * 2018-03-08 2021-06-17 レイセオン カンパニー フィード偏波器ステップツイストスイッチ

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2697209A (en) * 1951-07-13 1954-12-14 Itt Tunable band pass filter
DE1003295B (de) * 1953-05-19 1957-02-28 Telefunken Gmbh Anordnung zur Abstimmung eines elektromagnetischen Hohlraumresonators
US2830275A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-04-08 Gen Precision Lab Inc Adjustable microwave attenuator
US2993140A (en) * 1957-05-13 1961-07-18 High Voltage Engineering Corp High power phase shifter
US3108237A (en) * 1961-09-29 1963-10-22 Hughes Aircraft Co Variable microwave phase shifter having moveable reactive stubs
FR2538958B1 (fr) * 1982-12-30 1985-09-20 Thomson Csf Filtre hyperfrequence a frequence de coupure accordable et son application au melangeur hyperfrequence et au radar fonctionnant en mode diversite

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129669A (en) * 1937-03-30 1938-09-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2197123A (en) * 1937-06-18 1940-04-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2401425A (en) * 1944-06-15 1946-06-04 Rca Corp Light valve
US2407911A (en) * 1942-04-16 1946-09-17 Gen Electric Wave propagation
US2419613A (en) * 1943-12-13 1947-04-29 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Tuned microwave wattmeter
US2433368A (en) * 1942-03-31 1947-12-30 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Wave guide construction
US2438119A (en) * 1942-11-03 1948-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave transmission
US2454530A (en) * 1944-10-13 1948-11-23 Philco Corp Phase adjuster for fixed-branch wave guide
US2464269A (en) * 1942-06-12 1949-03-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Method and means for controlling the polarization of radiant energy
US2477510A (en) * 1944-01-31 1949-07-26 Chu Lan Jen Slotted wave guide antenna

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129669A (en) * 1937-03-30 1938-09-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2197123A (en) * 1937-06-18 1940-04-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2433368A (en) * 1942-03-31 1947-12-30 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Wave guide construction
US2407911A (en) * 1942-04-16 1946-09-17 Gen Electric Wave propagation
US2464269A (en) * 1942-06-12 1949-03-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Method and means for controlling the polarization of radiant energy
US2438119A (en) * 1942-11-03 1948-03-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave transmission
US2419613A (en) * 1943-12-13 1947-04-29 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Tuned microwave wattmeter
US2477510A (en) * 1944-01-31 1949-07-26 Chu Lan Jen Slotted wave guide antenna
US2401425A (en) * 1944-06-15 1946-06-04 Rca Corp Light valve
US2454530A (en) * 1944-10-13 1948-11-23 Philco Corp Phase adjuster for fixed-branch wave guide

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762982A (en) * 1951-05-17 1956-09-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Mode conversion in wave guides
US2886785A (en) * 1952-07-30 1959-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave transducer
US2983883A (en) * 1953-01-15 1961-05-09 Gen Precision Inc Micro wave valves
US2891224A (en) * 1953-06-10 1959-06-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Non-reciprocal wave transmission
US2807018A (en) * 1953-07-27 1957-09-17 Rca Corp Slotted waveguide antenna
US2947906A (en) * 1954-08-05 1960-08-02 Litton Industries Inc Delay line
US2933731A (en) * 1954-12-08 1960-04-19 Cossor Ltd A C Electromagnetic wave radiators
US2948865A (en) * 1955-08-08 1960-08-09 Philips Corp Mode ellipticity correcting device
US3025513A (en) * 1955-11-04 1962-03-13 Decca Record Co Ltd Radar apparatus
US2974297A (en) * 1959-04-28 1961-03-07 Sperry Rand Corp Constant phase shift rotator
US3230537A (en) * 1959-05-22 1966-01-18 Telefunken Ag Feed horn with broad-band compensated polarization changer
US3103627A (en) * 1960-05-18 1963-09-10 Polarad Electronics Corp Microwave transmission molecular identification system employing wave propagation mode detectors
US3546604A (en) * 1964-06-09 1970-12-08 Marathon Oil Co Phase shifters
US3475757A (en) * 1966-03-03 1969-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reciprocal microwave phasing unit for use in an antenna array
US3758882A (en) * 1970-11-11 1973-09-11 Licentia Gmbh Polarization converter for microwaves
US4356459A (en) * 1981-03-23 1982-10-26 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corp. Flat phase response septum polarizer
US4420729A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-12-13 Ferranti Plc Microwave phase-shifting apparatus
US4544900A (en) * 1981-11-18 1985-10-01 Chaparral Communications, Inc. Polarized signal receiver system
US4458229A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-07-03 Rca Corporation Dispersion correcting waveguide
US4785266A (en) * 1984-08-20 1988-11-15 The Marconi Company Limited Dielectric rod polarizer having wedge shape polarizing portions
US5760658A (en) * 1993-09-03 1998-06-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Circular-linear polarizer including flat and curved portions
JP2021515499A (ja) * 2018-03-08 2021-06-17 レイセオン カンパニー フィード偏波器ステップツイストスイッチ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL128055B (fr)
NL73821C (fr)
GB641227A (en) 1950-08-09
FR933841A (fr) 1948-05-03

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