US2588218A - Method of drying photographic material - Google Patents

Method of drying photographic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2588218A
US2588218A US748974A US74897447A US2588218A US 2588218 A US2588218 A US 2588218A US 748974 A US748974 A US 748974A US 74897447 A US74897447 A US 74897447A US 2588218 A US2588218 A US 2588218A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drying
water
photographic
film
photographic film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US748974A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dippel Cornelis Johannes
Lely Jan Anthony
Dikhoff Johannes Aloysiu Maria
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
    • G03D15/02—Drying; Glazing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/02—Halides of titanium
    • C01G23/026—Titanium trichloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/22—Compounds containing nitrogen bound to another nitrogen atom
    • C08K5/23—Azo-compounds
    • C08K5/235—Diazo and polyazo compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/52—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances
    • G03C1/62—Metal compounds reducible to metal

Definitions

  • drying operation can be effected in a very simple manner. This is yof importa-nce with a view to the ⁇ manufacture ⁇ of copying material for image lms, sound. films, and combined image-andsound films.
  • the invention has ⁇ for its object a further simplifl'cation of the manufacture; It permits the drying. process to be reiected very rapidly by meansv of lapparatus which ⁇ occupy only little space. It is ⁇ :known to effect the :sensitisation rapidly ⁇ and by means of compact apparatus, the speed of manufacture of vthe said ⁇ photographic material: and the sizeof the apparatus required therefor Vbeing fundamentally determined by the rateuof drying. and the size of the drying chamber. ⁇ By making use of the invention, it is pos- 'sible tocarry out the Whole process rapidly and by .means vof apparatus occupying little space.
  • a-stream of gas over thetician' material in order to carryA away any evolved Water vapour .the material lis treated in an electric 'field having such "a frequency land fstrengththat, on 4an average, atleast 15 percent. by ⁇ volume of water lis expelled per second.v
  • Avalue of l5 percent. by volume fof wateris to be understood to mean 15 ccs Aof Awater per 100 lcc.s of dry material.
  • a heating method according to the invention is used for a lm strip consisting of regenerated cellulose having a thickness of 40 u, which fcontains- 5 mgs. of water per sq. c. of its surface after sensitisa'tion, itis possible to dry the fllm istrip in approximately 6 seconds.
  • the lm strip is passed fthrough yan electric lrleld which extends over a length of 1.45 cms., the ⁇ speed may .consequently be 'about 45 ms. ⁇ per minute. According to the invention, it is even possible to 'raise the speed ⁇ of .drying toa degree .such that ⁇ 3.0 percent.
  • b y volume of Water Vis ⁇ expelled per second.y
  • Decomposition Aof 'the lightfsensitive compound may cause a dense fog, ⁇ particularly. in ⁇ the .case
  • decomposition product. of the light-sensitive com.- pou-nd forms metal nuclei out of the metalsalts contained i-nthe material, which ⁇ nuclei are amplifled upon subsequent physical development.
  • i-nthe material which ⁇ nuclei are amplifled upon subsequent physical development.
  • ⁇ ⁇ .An example ⁇ thereof ' is a material which is sensitized by means of 1a solution of a diazonium compound and a mercury salt ora precious metal salt. When heating according to the invention, however, this ⁇ material does not involve any fog at all.
  • the photographic material is preferably .heated by means of an ⁇ electric field generated between wireory rod-shaped electrodeswhich extend parallel with the surface of the material and in front of which the material is passed in a Imanner 'such that the lines of force of the ⁇ field ⁇ extend substantially in this direction of motion through the material.
  • the electrodes may be moved, rwhereas the ⁇ material is stationary. With such an electrode arrangement the lines of force extend Aover a comparatively large ⁇ distance through ⁇ the material itself ⁇ and over a comparatively short distance ⁇ only through the medium,
  • Thelefciency ⁇ of the field is ⁇ thus fenhanced, which is conducive tothe compactness 'of the apparatus.
  • the results of the treatment in this direction ⁇ are homogeneous, if only the motion .takes place at a constant speed.
  • the homogeneity in a lateral direction Vof the material is controllable by using electrodes ⁇ the length of which ⁇ exceeds.. of the material.
  • pelled water vapounis preferably so chosen that it is exactly sumcient to absorb the evolved water vapour without becoming supersaturated.
  • the excess air may, for example, be 100% or less. This' ⁇ has the advantage that the possibility of dust'fparticles of the air contaminating the photographic material is reduced as much as possible.
  • Useffis preferably made of a gas which is preheated to approximately 50 C. and is consequently capable of absorbing a large quantity of water vapour.
  • the invention is of much importance for photographic material in which the quality of the photographic contrast depends upon the moisture content of the material at the moment of exposure.
  • An example of such a material is regenerated cellulose which is sensitized by means of an aqueous solution of a diazonium compound anda mercury salt or a noble metal salt. exposing such a material, followed by physical development, it is found that the gamma value of the metal image obtained depends upon the moisture content at the moment of exposure
  • the exposure of such a material is preferably effected in a device comprising an apparatus for applying liquid water on to the material, a drying chamber for the adjustment of the degree of humidity of the material, exposure apparatus and. means for passing the material through these members in succession (application Serial No. 732,904, filed March 6, 1947, now abandoned).
  • a device comprising an apparatus for applying liquid water on to the material, a drying chamber for the adjustment of the degree of humidity of the material, exposure apparatus and. means for passing the material through these members in succession
  • application Serial No. 732,904 filed March 6, 1947, now abandoned.
  • vv' such a device use may, if desired, be made of unsensitized material, the water and the lightsensitive. compound then going into solution therein being applied simultaneously.
  • Thijs is particularly the case if the high-frequency drying operation is effected by means of the aforesaid electrode arrangement.
  • a device which has practically the same size as a cbpying device in which the operations preceding the exposure are not effected.
  • the said electrode arrangement yields a material having a high degree of homogeneity. This is of importance, since local differences in moislture content give rise to different gamma values.
  • Aj further very important advantage of highfrequency drying in this case is that, owing to thespeed of drying and consequently the speed Aat which the desired degree of. humidity can be adjusted, one and the same film band permits changing over from one degree of humidity to ⁇ the, other in a short time. This may be ofim- 'portance if, -for example, it is desired to fcopy on one and the same nlm strip several scenes -in succession with different gamma values, for
  • Fig. 1 shows one form of apparatus for drying -iilm according to ⁇ the invention; and' shows another form of apparatus for lji) drying film according to the invention.
  • the wet film I passes between electrodes 2 of a highfrequency field arranged in a drying chamber 3 provided with an air intake inlet 4 and an air outlet 5.
  • the electrodes are excited by a high frequency lgenerator 6 connected to the electrodes by conductors 'I which are insulated from Ithe walls of the chamber by insulators 8.
  • the electrodes 2 of the high frequency drying field are so arranged with respect to the film that the lines of force 9 of the field pass through the film in its direction of motion as indicated by the arrow.
  • a method of drying a photographic film hav- ⁇ ing a thickness of about 40 microns comprising a,
  • said photographic film containing at leastv 1.4 grams of water per cubic centimeter of dry cellulose, comprising the steps of subjecting the photographic vfilm to the action of an electric field of a strength and frequency at which calories per second are generated in the film and capable of expelling more than three-fourths of theinitial water content of said film within ive seconds, and passing a stream of dry gas over said photographic lm during the expulsion of water therefrom to carry the expelled water off as water vapor.
  • a method of drying a photographic iilm having a thickness of about 40 microns comprising a carrier of regenerated cellulose sensitized with an aqueous solution of a light sensitive diazonium :compound and a salt of mercury, said photographic film containing at leastv 1.4 grams of vwater per cubic centimeter of .dry cellulose, .com-
  • a method of drying a photographic carrier having a thickness of about 40 micronsv comprising a carrier of regenerated cellulose sensitized with an aqueous solution of a light-sensitive diazonium compound and Va salt of a metal lying higher in the electromotive series than copper, -said photographic film containing at least 1.4
  • grams of water per cubic centimeter of dry cellulose comprising the steps of subjecting the photographic film to the action of an electric field .of a strength and frequency at which 80 calories per second are generated in the film and capable of expelling at least 15% by volume of the water in said carrier per second, andpassing a stream of dry gas over said photographic iilm during the expulsion of water therefrom to carry the expelled water off as Water vapor.
  • a method of drying a photographic carrier having a thickness of about 40 microns comprising a carrier of regenerated cellulose sensitized with an aqueous solution of a light sensitive diazonium compound and a salt of a metal lying higher in the electromotive series than copper,
  • said photographic film containing at least 1.4 grams of water per cubic centimeter of dry cellulose, comprising the steps of subjecting the photographic film while in motion to the action of an electric field in which the lines of force of the eld extend through the lm substantially in the direction of motion of the film, said iielcl having an intensity and frequency at which 80 calories per second are generated in the lm and which is capable of expelling at least 15% by volume of water per second in the lm, and passing a stream of dry gas over said photographic carrier during the expulsion of Water therefrom to carry the expelled water off as Water vapor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US748974A 1946-06-01 1947-05-19 Method of drying photographic material Expired - Lifetime US2588218A (en)

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NL264624X 1946-06-01

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US (1) US2588218A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
BE (2) BE473578A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
CH (1) CH264624A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
DE (2) DE969858C (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
NL (2) NL237331A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662302A (en) * 1950-02-07 1953-12-15 Cunningham Method and apparatus for drying film by dielectric heating
US3345927A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-10-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3386826A (en) * 1964-05-08 1968-06-04 Ibm Process for producing improved diazotype elements
US3404462A (en) * 1966-08-09 1968-10-08 Standard Register Co Dielectric heat apparatus
US3426439A (en) * 1967-02-16 1969-02-11 Houston Fearless Corp Microwave drying system
US3458314A (en) * 1963-09-25 1969-07-29 Keuffel & Esser Co Process and device for developing a two-component diazotype material
FR2372459A1 (fr) * 1976-11-25 1978-06-23 Hoechst Ag Procede de developpement, sur un support non metallique, d'un materiel de diazotypie, a deux composants, se pretant au developpement sous l'effet de la chaleur
US4242805A (en) * 1978-07-07 1981-01-06 Service D'exploitation Industrielle Des Tabacs Et Des Allumettes Method and apparatus for drying a thick wet layer coated on one face of a cardboard sheet

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR735718A (fr) * 1931-07-21 1932-11-14 Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates
US1997507A (en) * 1932-03-09 1935-04-09 Vladimir C Akintievsky Process of photo-printing
US2042145A (en) * 1931-03-05 1936-05-26 William A Darrah Process of evaporating and equipment therefor
US2106888A (en) * 1936-06-30 1938-02-01 Earle Theodore Separatory flotation method
US2183447A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-12-12 Philips Nv Light-sensitive material and method of making the same
FR853868A (fr) * 1938-11-19 1940-03-30 Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques
US2226871A (en) * 1938-04-09 1940-12-31 Hall Printing Co W F Apparatus for drying
US2231457A (en) * 1936-08-03 1941-02-11 John L Stephen Electrical apparatus
US2291807A (en) * 1941-02-06 1942-08-04 United Shoe Machinery Corp Apparatus for treating sheet material in electrostatic fields
US2459622A (en) * 1944-03-18 1949-01-18 Fred K H Levey Co Inc Method of and apparatus for drying sheet materials by high-frequency electric fields

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE397805C (de) * 1916-11-14 1924-06-27 Max Leo Dr Verfahren zum Trocknen von photographischen Trockenplatten
DE691038C (de) * 1937-07-01 1940-05-15 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Einrichtung zum Trocknen von Papierbahnen und aehnlichen Stoffbahnen
FR861102A (fr) * 1938-10-25 1941-02-01 Kodak Pathe Procédé et installation d'enduisage de bandes continues

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2042145A (en) * 1931-03-05 1936-05-26 William A Darrah Process of evaporating and equipment therefor
FR735718A (fr) * 1931-07-21 1932-11-14 Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates
US1997507A (en) * 1932-03-09 1935-04-09 Vladimir C Akintievsky Process of photo-printing
US2106888A (en) * 1936-06-30 1938-02-01 Earle Theodore Separatory flotation method
US2231457A (en) * 1936-08-03 1941-02-11 John L Stephen Electrical apparatus
US2183447A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-12-12 Philips Nv Light-sensitive material and method of making the same
US2226871A (en) * 1938-04-09 1940-12-31 Hall Printing Co W F Apparatus for drying
FR853868A (fr) * 1938-11-19 1940-03-30 Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques
US2291807A (en) * 1941-02-06 1942-08-04 United Shoe Machinery Corp Apparatus for treating sheet material in electrostatic fields
US2459622A (en) * 1944-03-18 1949-01-18 Fred K H Levey Co Inc Method of and apparatus for drying sheet materials by high-frequency electric fields

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662302A (en) * 1950-02-07 1953-12-15 Cunningham Method and apparatus for drying film by dielectric heating
US3458314A (en) * 1963-09-25 1969-07-29 Keuffel & Esser Co Process and device for developing a two-component diazotype material
US3386826A (en) * 1964-05-08 1968-06-04 Ibm Process for producing improved diazotype elements
US3345927A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-10-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Apparatus for rapid development of photographic film
US3404462A (en) * 1966-08-09 1968-10-08 Standard Register Co Dielectric heat apparatus
US3426439A (en) * 1967-02-16 1969-02-11 Houston Fearless Corp Microwave drying system
FR2372459A1 (fr) * 1976-11-25 1978-06-23 Hoechst Ag Procede de developpement, sur un support non metallique, d'un materiel de diazotypie, a deux composants, se pretant au developpement sous l'effet de la chaleur
US4242805A (en) * 1978-07-07 1981-01-06 Service D'exploitation Industrielle Des Tabacs Et Des Allumettes Method and apparatus for drying a thick wet layer coated on one face of a cardboard sheet

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Publication number Publication date
NL67082C (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
CH264624A (de) 1949-10-31
NL237331A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
DE969858C (de) 1958-07-24
BE473578A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
BE473577A (US07714131-20100511-C00024.png)
DE869153C (de) 1953-03-02

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