US2582725A - Frequency changing circuit arrangement - Google Patents
Frequency changing circuit arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- US2582725A US2582725A US680964A US68096446A US2582725A US 2582725 A US2582725 A US 2582725A US 680964 A US680964 A US 680964A US 68096446 A US68096446 A US 68096446A US 2582725 A US2582725 A US 2582725A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/26—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
- H03F1/28—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements in discharge-tube amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
- H03D7/08—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes the signals to be mixed being applied between the same two electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
- H03D7/10—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes the signals to be mixed being applied between different pairs of electrodes
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- This invention relates to a circuit-arrangement for frequency-changing of electric oscillations by mixing them with locally generated oscillations, which comprises a discharge tube containing a cathode, an input electrode, an outlet electrode and one or more further electrodes having a positive bias, in which the (high-frequency) oscillations to be changed in frequency jointly with the local oscillations are supplied to the said input electrode and in which the frequencychanged (intermediate-frequency) oscillations are taken from the said output electrode.
- the object of the invention is to provide means which permit a material reduction of the noise occurring in such circuit-arrangements.
- This noise which particularly in the'transmission of feeble signals is a source of great trouble, is due, on the one hand, to spontaneous voltage fluctuations (Brown's movement of the electrons) in the circuits connected to the discharge tube and on the other to current fluctuations in the discharge tube itself.
- the latter current fluctuations can be distinguished in emission-fluctuations (irregularities in the flow of emission of a cathode) and in subdivision-fluctuations (irregularities in the subdivision of the current between two or more electrodes having a positive bias).
- the noise due to these two latter causes is referred to respectively as the cathode-noise and as the subdivision-noise.
- the subdivisionnoise is, in general, considerably stronger than the cathode-noise. It may be observed in this connection that the subdivision-noise current in the anode circuit is equal and opposite to the subdivision-noise current in the screen-grid circuit. This is because an increase of the anode current owing to a variation of the subdivision of the current involves an identical decrease of the screen-grid current.
- the subdivision-noise consequently becomes manifest as an alternating current which passes from the anode to the screen-grid, but which does not occur in that part of the cathode conductor which is common to the anode circuit and to the screen-grid circuit. Due to this, the signal-to-noise ratio with screen-grid tubes is materially higher in that part of the cathode conductor than in the anode circuit. 7
- the circuit-arrangement described hereinbefore has the disadvantage that the required strong positive feedback makes it very difi'icult to avoid self-excitation when tuning through a wide frequency-range. It has been proposed before to obviate this disadvantage by using, at the same time, a negative (degenerative) feedback which compensates the action of the positive feedback so far as the tendency to self-excitation is concerned, but which does not disturb the favourable signal-to-noise ratio obtained by means of the positive feedback.
- the latter requirement is fulfilled if the feedback voltage for the negative feedback is taken from the intermediate-frequency output current, because in this case all the noise components of the output current are reduced by the negative feedback to the same extent as the signal.
- an oscillatory circuit coupled to the said circuit and tuned to the intermediate frequency may be included in the'circuit of the input electrode.
- the feedback current or voltage is preferably taken from that portion of the cathode-conductor which is common to thecircuits of the output electrode and of the .said further electrodets) having a positive bias.
- An intermediate-frequency feedback arrangement has, according to the invention, important advantages over the high-frequencyfeedbac'k arrangement proposed before.
- the arrangement, according to the invention permits the employment of very stron feedback without danger of oscillation as the tuning frequency-of the circuit is varied. If the stability is, nevertheless, still insuflicient, or if the selectivity is excessively increased by I the positive 'afeedback, 2a
- negativefeedback for the -,frequency-band occupied bythe intermediate-frequency oscillations maybe used at the-same time, the feedbackcurrent :or voltage for the negative feedback "being taken from the circuitof the output electrode.
- This negative feedback permits eliminating, wholly or. in part, the effect-of the positivefeedback with regard to :the selectivity and the tendency to oscillation, while at the same time the favourable .signal-to-noise ratio-obtained by means of the positive feedback .is notidisturbed, because all the intermediate-frequency noisecomponents .in the output circuit are-reduced to the same extent as the signal by :the negative feedback.
- the negative feedback is zpreferabiy aproportioned in such .manner that it fbIiIlgS about :a damping ;of the-said oscillatory mircu-it which is substantially equal to the negativerrilampingtproduced by the positive feedback.
- .Asz may be assumed'to' bea'known, the conversion conductance; that is to. say itlieintermediatefrequencytsignal currentin:thercircuitofrthe output eelectm'dexper 'volt ofJhigh-frequency signal voltage attthe input .electrodais highly dependent-uponxthe amplitude of :the .local oscillations supplied'to the tube. :It. is thus found that if a high-frequency positive feedback is used a maximum signal-to-noiseratio is achieved in the output impedance'if theconversion conductance is chosenzto be low.
- the high-frequency oscillations received by an aerial I are transmitted inductively to'an input oscillatory circuit 2, which in series with-ac0il3coupled to a local oscillator 4 (shown diagrammatically) is included in the input cir- .nected to ground in the usual manner via ithe parallel combination of a resistance .14 :and .:-a condenser l5, so'that a suitable negativebias for the control-grid -l .is obtained.
- 'Apositive zbia-s is supplied to the'screenegrid 8 and'to thepanode 9 via resistances It .and H. Jointly with the source of voltage these resistances .are shunted by condensers l8 and I9 "which constitute a short-circuit both;for theyhigh-frequency. -and:for thepintermediate+frequencywoscillations.
- This feedback has the .effect of materially increasin the signal-voltage :a-croze;s the output circuit Hl.
- The*sub'division-noisepurrent which is set up by fluctuations ofthe subdivision of the currentbetweenthe screen-grid 8 and the anode 9, does not "pass, however, through the coil '20 *and is consequently not biassed by the feedback. This results in'a-material increase of the signal to-noise'ratio.
- the anode circuit of the circuit-arrangement shown in the drawing includes a coil- 22 which is coupled to the circuit 2! in such sense as to secure a negaf-i tive feedback for the intermediate-frequency oscillations' This negative feedback has again the effect of'reducing the output voltage occurring across the circuit [0.
- the coil 1'2 is included in the connection between thescreen-grid '8 and the anode 9, so that the sub-'5" division-noise currentpasses through the coil' 22, the subdivision-noise voltage is reduced to the same extent as the signal voltage, so that the favourable signal-to-noise ratio obtained by meansofrthe positive feedback is'not disturbed.
- a tetrode is used to constitute the mixing tube.v
- a tube having more electrodes for instance a pentode or a hexo'de may be used. It is, however, essential in connec tion with the efi'ect aimed at thatthe (high; frequency) oscillations to be changed and the localoscillations should be supplied to the same not any intermediate-frequency current passing;
- An electric circuitarrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave comprising. an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control .grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to said anode-cathode and said accelerating elec- I trode-cathode circuits, and means to couples'aid impedance element to said control grid-cathode circuit in regenerative relationship at saidintermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid.
- An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercouplingsaid accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in-.; said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an oscillatory circuit coupled in said control grid cathode circuit and tuned to the frequency of said intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to said anodecathode and said accelerating electrode-cathode 6.. circuits, and means to couple said impedance element to said oscillatory circuit'in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediatefrequency wave to
- An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and'a second wave comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cath-' odeelectrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating andcathode electrodes and constitutingan accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and bathode electrodes andconstituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves'to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave,-a low'impedance oscillatory circuit coupled in said control'grid-cathode'circuit and tuned to the frequency'of said intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to saidanode-cathode and said acceleratingelectrode-cathode circuits, and means to couple said impedance element to said oscill
- An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode; control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, a first impedance element connected in common to said anode-cathode and said accelerating electrodecathode circuits, means to couple said first impedance element to said control grid-cathode circuit in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid in positive feedback relationship, a second impedance element coupled in said anode-cathode circuit
- An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cath ode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an oscillatory circuit coupled in said control grid- 7 cathode :circuit .and tuned :to the :frequency :of saidfintermediatelfrequency wave, a first impedance element.
- r electriccircuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control, accelerating 'and' anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid-and cathode-electrodes :and "constituting a control grid-cathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelcrating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit,an output circuit coupled :to said-anode,
Description
1952 M. J. o. STRUTT EI'AL 2,532,725
FREQUENCY CHANGING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT Filed July 2, 1946 OSCILLATOR 7 INVENTORS. MAXWILIAAN JULIU5 OTTO man By ALBERT mNDER ZLEL AGENI Patented Jan. 15, 1952 FREQUENCY CHANGING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT Maximiliaan Julius Otto Strutt and Aldert van der Ziel, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to Hartford National Bank and Hartford, Conn., as trustee Trust Company,
Application July 2, 1946, Serial No. 680,964 In the Netherlands May 3, 1943 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires May 3, 1963 6 Claims. (Cl. 250-20) This invention relates to a circuit-arrangement for frequency-changing of electric oscillations by mixing them with locally generated oscillations, which comprises a discharge tube containing a cathode, an input electrode, an outlet electrode and one or more further electrodes having a positive bias, in which the (high-frequency) oscillations to be changed in frequency jointly with the local oscillations are supplied to the said input electrode and in which the frequencychanged (intermediate-frequency) oscillations are taken from the said output electrode.
The object of the invention is to provide means which permit a material reduction of the noise occurring in such circuit-arrangements. This noise, which particularly in the'transmission of feeble signals is a source of great trouble, is due, on the one hand, to spontaneous voltage fluctuations (Brown's movement of the electrons) in the circuits connected to the discharge tube and on the other to current fluctuations in the discharge tube itself. The latter current fluctuations can be distinguished in emission-fluctuations (irregularities in the flow of emission of a cathode) and in subdivision-fluctuations (irregularities in the subdivision of the current between two or more electrodes having a positive bias). The noise due to these two latter causes is referred to respectively as the cathode-noise and as the subdivision-noise.
In the case of screen-grid tubes the subdivisionnoise is, in general, considerably stronger than the cathode-noise. It may be observed in this connection that the subdivision-noise current in the anode circuit is equal and opposite to the subdivision-noise current in the screen-grid circuit. This is because an increase of the anode current owing to a variation of the subdivision of the current involves an identical decrease of the screen-grid current. The subdivision-noise consequently becomes manifest as an alternating current which passes from the anode to the screen-grid, but which does not occur in that part of the cathode conductor which is common to the anode circuit and to the screen-grid circuit. Due to this, the signal-to-noise ratio with screen-grid tubes is materially higher in that part of the cathode conductor than in the anode circuit. 7
..It has been proposed before to make use of this .circumstance to reduce the noise in the output circuit of a frequency-converter circuit by means of a positive (regenerative) feed-back for the frequency range occupied by the (high-frequency) oscillations to be changed in frequency,
the feed-back voltage being taken from the cathode conductor. This high-frequency feedback considerably increases the signal voltage occurring in the input circuit. A high-frequency noise voltage correlated with the cathode noise is introduced at the same time in the input circuit. This noise voltage after frequency change, leads to an increase of the intermediatefrequency cathode-noise current passing in the output circuit. The increase of the cathodenoise current in the output circuit in consequence of the feed-back is, however, found on closer examination to be smaller than the increase of the signal current. In addition, the feed-back does not at all affect the subdivision-noise current in the output circuit, so that the ratio between the signal current and the subdivisionnoise current increases materially. The resulting intermediate-frequency signal-to-noise ratio inthe output circuit is consequently considerably increased by the feedback; in the case of highly intense feedback this ratio becomes nearly equal to the high-frequency signal-to-noise ratio cathode-conductor.
The circuit-arrangement described hereinbefore has the disadvantage that the required strong positive feedback makes it very difi'icult to avoid self-excitation when tuning through a wide frequency-range. It has been proposed before to obviate this disadvantage by using, at the same time, a negative (degenerative) feedback which compensates the action of the positive feedback so far as the tendency to self-excitation is concerned, but which does not disturb the favourable signal-to-noise ratio obtained by means of the positive feedback. The latter requirement is fulfilled if the feedback voltage for the negative feedback is taken from the intermediate-frequency output current, because in this case all the noise components of the output current are reduced by the negative feedback to the same extent as the signal. However, this again involves the disadvantage that thefrequency of the feedback voltage for the negativefeedback must be reduced to the frequency of the using a positive feedback for the frequency-bandoccupied by the intermediate-frequency oscillain the tions, the feedback current or voltage being taken from a circuit in which the signal-to-noise ratio for the said frequency-band is .higherthan in the circuit of the output electrode.
For this purpose an oscillatory circuit coupled to the said circuit and tuned to the intermediate frequency may be included in the'circuit of the input electrode. The feedback current or voltage is preferably taken from that portion of the cathode-conductor which is common to thecircuits of the output electrode and of the .said further electrodets) having a positive bias.
An intermediate-frequency feedback arrangement has, according to the invention, important advantages over the high-frequencyfeedbac'k arrangement proposed before. In; particular, the arrangement, according to the invention, permits the employment of very stron feedback without danger of oscillation as the tuning frequency-of the circuit is varied. If the stability is, nevertheless, still insuflicient, or if the selectivity is excessively increased by I the positive 'afeedback, 2a
negativefeedback for the -,frequency-band occupied bythe intermediate-frequency oscillations maybe used at the-same time, the feedbackcurrent :or voltage for the negative feedback "being taken from the circuitof the output electrode. This negative feedback permits eliminating, wholly or. in part, the effect-of the positivefeedback with regard to :the selectivity and the tendency to oscillation, while at the same time the favourable .signal-to-noise ratio-obtained by means of the positive feedback .is notidisturbed, because all the intermediate-frequency noisecomponents .in the output circuit are-reduced to the same extent as the signal by :the negative feedback. If the twosfeedbacks .BJBZSEt'lID bythe induction of a feedback voltage into wan'osc'illatory circuitincluded the circuit "of the: input electrode'and tuned to the intermediate-frequency, the negative feedback: is zpreferabiy aproportioned in such .manner that it fbIiIlgS about :a damping ;of the-said oscillatory mircu-it which is substantially equal to the negativerrilampingtproduced by the positive feedback.
As I has beenpointed out. hereinbeioreptheiprior circuit employing positive "and nega'tive highfrequency. feedback.r.equired.:meansitoinhangethe frequency of the negative :feedback :voltage :to
the frequency of .the signal. Th8jCiIZCLlit,&0COTding tothe invention, "having-positive and negative 1 intermediate frequency feedback displays a great advantage over this prior .zcircuit .inithat there is no requirement for changing the frequencyof the negative :feedback voltage.
.Aszmay be assumed'to' bea'known, the conversion conductance; that is to. say itlieintermediatefrequencytsignal currentin:thercircuitofrthe output eelectm'dexper 'volt ofJhigh-frequency signal voltage attthe input .electrodais highly dependent-uponxthe amplitude of :the .local oscillations supplied'to the tube. :It. is thus found that if a high-frequency positive feedback is used a maximum signal-to-noiseratio is achieved in the output impedance'if theconversion conductance is chosenzto be low. Forthis reason it has been proposed before to choose the amplitude of the local oscillations and the operating voltages of thedischarge tube in the case of afrequencychanging circuit having ia;high-frequency positive feedback, in such a manner thattheeonversion conductance amounts at the .most to ,one fifth of the mutual conductance of :the discharge tube for the high-frequency oscillations to be changed. This arrangement, however, does vnot 4 apply to the circuit-arrangement according to the invention in which an intermediate-frequency positive .ieedbackis-used an'din which the amplitude of the local oscillations should, preferably, be such that the conversion conductance has, at least approximately, a maximum value.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, it will now beset out more .fully with reference to the accompanying. drawin in which one embodiment of the invention is, illustrated by way of example.
In .the frequency-changing circuit shown on the drawing the high-frequency oscillations received by an aerial I are transmitted inductively to'an input oscillatory circuit 2, which in series with-ac0il3coupled to a local oscillator 4 (shown diagrammatically) is included in the input cir- .nected to ground in the usual manner via ithe parallel combination of a resistance .14 :and .:-a condenser l5, so'that a suitable negativebias for the control-grid -l .is obtained. 'Apositive zbia-s is supplied to the'screenegrid 8 and'to thepanode 9 via resistances It .and H. Jointly with the source of voltage these resistances .are shunted by condensers l8 and I9 "which constitute a short-circuit both;for theyhigh-frequency. -and:for thepintermediate+frequencywoscillations.
According to .the invention, the commonpart of the connections 'of .the-cathodeifi to therscreengrid '8 andto :the anode .Qincludesan inductance 20 whichiis coupled .toxan oscillatory :circuit 2] which is tuned :to the .intermediatesfrequency and which in .series with :the ;circuit .2 :and the coil 3 .is :included .in the :circuit cf :the :controlgrid 1. .Thesense :of'the coupling between the coil 20 and the "circuitll I is 'suchthatapositive feedback for the intermediate-frequency :pscilla tions is obtained. This feedback'has the .effect of materially increasin the signal-voltage :a-croze;s the output circuit Hl. The*sub'division-noisepurrent, which is set up by fluctuations ofthe subdivision of the currentbetweenthe screen-grid 8 and the anode 9, does not "pass, however, through the coil '20 *and is consequently not biassed by the feedback. This results in'a-material increase of the signal to-noise'ratio.
It should be--noted, however, that the-addition of the circuit ZI -by itself causes an increase of the noise-current intheano'de circuit in consequence of the spontaneous potential fluc'tuation's occurring in this circuit. Ifthis-increase were of the same order of 'magnitude 'as'theisub'division-noise current, the use of apos'itive feedback would in practice no longer be effective. the value of the said voltage 'fluctuations'isi'determined by the impedance of the circuit2l itis therefore desirable that this impedance should not be excessively high. A suitable value is that of 800 ohms, for instance.
The positive feedback by means of the coil lfl also gives-rise to anincrease df=the-selectivity of the circuit; this increase may be undesirable under certain conditions. .In. addition, :the positive feed-back may have .an unfavourable effect in some cases on the stability :of the :circu-it.
, These disadvantages can-bephviatedibxalsozus- The intermediate-frequency .oscil- 5.1 mg a"ne'gative feedback; To this end, the anode circuit of the circuit-arrangement shown in the drawing includes a coil- 22 which is coupled to the circuit 2! in such sense as to secure a negaf-i tive feedback for the intermediate-frequency oscillations' This negative feedback has again the effect of'reducing the output voltage occurring across the circuit [0. However, as the coil 1'2 is included in the connection between thescreen-grid '8 and the anode 9, so that the sub-'5" division-noise currentpasses through the coil' 22, the subdivision-noise voltage is reduced to the same extent as the signal voltage, so that the favourable signal-to-noise ratio obtained by meansofrthe positive feedback is'not disturbed.
In the embodiment of the invention hereinbefore described a tetrode is used to constitute the mixing tube.v If desired, a tube having more electrodes,.for instance a pentode or a hexo'de may be used. It is, however, essential in connec tion with the efi'ect aimed at thatthe (high; frequency) oscillations to be changed and the localoscillations should be supplied to the same not any intermediate-frequency current passing;
through it, sothat the feedback by means of the coil 20 would have no eifect..
What we claim is: q
1.? An electric circuitarrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising. an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control .grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to said anode-cathode and said accelerating elec- I trode-cathode circuits, and means to couples'aid impedance element to said control grid-cathode circuit in regenerative relationship at saidintermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid.
2. An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercouplingsaid accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in-.; said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an oscillatory circuit coupled in said control grid cathode circuit and tuned to the frequency of said intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to said anodecathode and said accelerating electrode-cathode 6.. circuits, and means to couple said impedance element to said oscillatory circuit'in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediatefrequency wave to said control grid. 1
3. An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and'a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cath-' odeelectrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating andcathode electrodes and constitutingan accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and bathode electrodes andconstituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves'to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave,-a low'impedance oscillatory circuit coupled in said control'grid-cathode'circuit and tuned to the frequency'of said intermediate frequency wave, an impedance element connected in common to saidanode-cathode and said acceleratingelectrode-cathode circuits, and means to couple said impedance element to said oscillatory circuit in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid.
4. An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode; control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, a first impedance element connected in common to said anode-cathode and said accelerating electrodecathode circuits, means to couple said first impedance element to said control grid-cathode circuit in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid in positive feedback relationship, a second impedance element coupled in said anode-cathode circuit, and means to couple said second impedance element to said control grid-cathode circuit in degenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency to apply said intermediate frequency wave to said control grid in negative feedback relationship.
5. An electric circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control grid, accelerating and anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid and cathode electrodes and constituting a control gridcathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelerating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cath ode circuit, an output circuit coupled to said anode, means to apply said first and second waves to said control grid to develop in said output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an oscillatory circuit coupled in said control grid- 7 cathode :circuit .and tuned :to the :frequency :of saidfintermediatelfrequency wave, a first impedance element. connected in common to said anodecathode'circuit and, said accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, means to inductively couple said first impedance element tosaidoscillatory circuit in regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency toapply said intermediate frequency wave to said control gridin positive feedback relationship, a second impedance element coupled in said anode-cathode circuit, and means lie-inductively couple said second impedance element to said oscillatory circuitlin'degenerative relationship at said intermediatefrequency to apply said intermediatafrequency wave tosaid control grid negative feedback relationship. V
r electriccircuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave, comprising an electron discharge tube having cathode, control, accelerating 'and' anode electrodes, first means intercoupling said control grid-and cathode-electrodes :and "constituting a control grid-cathode circuit, second means intercoupling said accelcrating and cathode electrodes and constituting an accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, third means intercoupling said anode and cathode electrodes and constituting an anode-cathode circuit,an output circuit coupled :to said-anode,
means to apply said first and second'wave to said control-grid to develop inisaid output circuit an intermediate frequency wave, an oscillatory circuit coupledin said control grid-cathodecircuit and :tuned'to the frequency of :said:intermediate: frequency'wave, a first inductive (element connected in common to'saidanode-cathode circuit and 'said accelerating electrode-cathode circuit, a second'inductive element coupledin said anode-cathode circuit, means to inductively couplesaid second inductive element'to said oscillatory circuit in degenerative relationshipat said intermediate frequency to'provide "a given damping forsaid oscillatory circuit, :and means to :inductively couple said first inductive elementto said oscillatory circuit in "regenerative relationship at said intermediate frequency thereby to counteract said given damping.
'MAXIMILIAAN JULIUS OTTO 'S'I'RU'ITJ ALDERT VAN D R ZIEL.
REFERENCES CITED The following references 'are'of record in'the 'file'o'f this patent:
' UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain 'Nov. 16, 1931
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL617647X | 1943-05-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2582725A true US2582725A (en) | 1952-01-15 |
Family
ID=19788326
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US680964A Expired - Lifetime US2582725A (en) | 1943-05-03 | 1946-07-02 | Frequency changing circuit arrangement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2582725A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE455595A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR903902A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB617647A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2753449A (en) * | 1952-01-30 | 1956-07-03 | Gail E Boggs | Superheterodyne mixer with negative feedback for stabilizing conversion gain |
| US2828410A (en) * | 1953-02-12 | 1958-03-25 | Philips Corp | Mixing circuit comprising a self-oscillating triode with intermediate-frequency feed-back |
| US2835797A (en) * | 1953-11-28 | 1958-05-20 | Philips Corp | Circuit-arrangement for frequencytransformation of oscillations of very high frequency |
| US2859336A (en) * | 1951-10-22 | 1958-11-04 | Philips Corp | Frequency conversion of signal oscillation without use of an auxiliary local oscillation |
| US3641441A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1972-02-08 | Motorola Inc | Frequency conversion module including emitter follower mixer |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL220065A (en) * | 1956-08-24 |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB361351A (en) * | 1930-08-15 | 1931-11-16 | Graham Amplion Ltd | Improvements in thermionic valve circuits as applied to radiotelephonic systems and apparatus |
| US2022085A (en) * | 1931-12-14 | 1935-11-26 | Hazeltine Corp | Radioreceiver |
| US2032675A (en) * | 1933-11-18 | 1936-03-03 | Rca Corp | Radio receiver |
| US2122283A (en) * | 1937-03-09 | 1938-06-28 | Rca Corp | Frequency converter |
| US2151800A (en) * | 1935-07-10 | 1939-03-28 | Csf | Oscillation device |
| US2202576A (en) * | 1938-01-31 | 1940-05-28 | Bendix Radio Corp | Modulation system |
| US2302867A (en) * | 1941-10-25 | 1942-11-24 | Rca Corp | Combined mixer and intermediate frequency stage |
-
0
- BE BE455595D patent/BE455595A/xx unknown
-
1944
- 1944-05-02 FR FR903902D patent/FR903902A/en not_active Expired
-
1946
- 1946-07-02 US US680964A patent/US2582725A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1946-10-08 GB GB29996/46A patent/GB617647A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB361351A (en) * | 1930-08-15 | 1931-11-16 | Graham Amplion Ltd | Improvements in thermionic valve circuits as applied to radiotelephonic systems and apparatus |
| US2022085A (en) * | 1931-12-14 | 1935-11-26 | Hazeltine Corp | Radioreceiver |
| US2032675A (en) * | 1933-11-18 | 1936-03-03 | Rca Corp | Radio receiver |
| US2151800A (en) * | 1935-07-10 | 1939-03-28 | Csf | Oscillation device |
| US2122283A (en) * | 1937-03-09 | 1938-06-28 | Rca Corp | Frequency converter |
| US2202576A (en) * | 1938-01-31 | 1940-05-28 | Bendix Radio Corp | Modulation system |
| US2302867A (en) * | 1941-10-25 | 1942-11-24 | Rca Corp | Combined mixer and intermediate frequency stage |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2859336A (en) * | 1951-10-22 | 1958-11-04 | Philips Corp | Frequency conversion of signal oscillation without use of an auxiliary local oscillation |
| US2753449A (en) * | 1952-01-30 | 1956-07-03 | Gail E Boggs | Superheterodyne mixer with negative feedback for stabilizing conversion gain |
| US2828410A (en) * | 1953-02-12 | 1958-03-25 | Philips Corp | Mixing circuit comprising a self-oscillating triode with intermediate-frequency feed-back |
| US2835797A (en) * | 1953-11-28 | 1958-05-20 | Philips Corp | Circuit-arrangement for frequencytransformation of oscillations of very high frequency |
| US3641441A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1972-02-08 | Motorola Inc | Frequency conversion module including emitter follower mixer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE455595A (en) | |
| GB617647A (en) | 1949-02-09 |
| FR903902A (en) | 1945-10-22 |
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