US2579004A - Liquid fuel burner with nondribble tip valve - Google Patents

Liquid fuel burner with nondribble tip valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US2579004A
US2579004A US49732A US4973248A US2579004A US 2579004 A US2579004 A US 2579004A US 49732 A US49732 A US 49732A US 4973248 A US4973248 A US 4973248A US 2579004 A US2579004 A US 2579004A
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Prior art keywords
fuel
plunger
ports
valve
vortex chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US49732A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joyce John Ruskin
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Shell Development Co
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Shell Development Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F23D11/26—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed
    • F23D11/28—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass

Definitions

  • This invention relates to liquid fuel burners having a pressure atomizing nozzle of the forced vortex type provided with swirling ports or grooves through which liquid fuel passes into a vortex chamber, and having a spill return line for the return of liquid fuel from the vortex chamber to 'a fuel reservoir, and either a spill control for the spill return line or a control to vary number or size, i. e., the effective area of the swirling ports or grooves, and, thus, the quantity of fuel delivered to the vortex chamber, or both of such controls. More particularly, the invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel burners of the general type disclosed in British Patent Specification No. 536,331.
  • switching port will hereinafter be given generic connotation to include ports, grooves or ducts, at whatever cross-sectional shape, arranged for supplying fuel into a swirl or vortex chamber in a direction to cause the fuel to swirl or form a vortex.
  • burners of this general type provision is made for supplying to the vortex chamber a quantity of fuel in excess of that which is discharged through the final orifice, such excess fuel being returned through a spill return line.
  • Such burners facilitate operation over a wider range of rates of discharge through the final orifice within a limited range of fuel supply pressures by regulation of the back pressure in the spill return line.
  • An object of the invention is to provide, in a simple manner, for the recirculation of the liquid fuel within the burner right up to the final outlet orifice prior to starting up for the purpose of ensuring that any obstructions in the burner, such as solidified or semi-solidified fuel, are cleared before delivery of fuel into the combustion zone or chamber commences, with consequent ease of ignition and elimination of fouling.
  • a further object of the invention is: to enable a burner which is one of a plurality of separately controlled burners in a combustion chamber to be cooled by recirculation of liquid fuel right down to the vortex chamber when said burner is shut off and others in the combustion chamber remain in operation.
  • the present invention broadly comprises a liquid fuel burner of the kind hereinbefore set forth, in which there is provided a valve, carried by or associated with a displaceable member regulating the flow of the circulating stream through the swirling ports, vortex chamber and spill return line, e. g., by controlling the effective area of the fiow passageway for the circulating fuel stream (1. e., a displaceable member which acts either to vary the size or number of the swirling ports and/or the area of the spill return line), adapted to seat against and close the final outlet orifice of the burner when the displaceable member is moved to a position causing zero output of fuel flow through said final outlet orifice.
  • a valve carried by or associated with a displaceable member regulating the flow of the circulating stream through the swirling ports, vortex chamber and spill return line, e. g., by controlling the effective area of the fiow passageway for the circulating fuel stream (1. e., a displaceable member which acts either to vary the size or number of the swirling
  • the effective fuel fiow through the outlet orifice is inherently dependent upon the regulation of the fiow of the said circulating stream of fuel.
  • the invention is applicable both to burners wherein the said displaceable member is manually operated, and to those wherein it is actuated by fluid pressure.
  • a spring-loaded valve is employed, the valve spring being under load when the valve is closed to such a degree that initial movement of the displaceable member from its closed position to increase the effective area of the swirling ports and/or to decrease the rate of spill, serves to remove such spring load whilst maintaining the valve in the outlet orifice closed. Conversely, when shutting down the burner the valve seats against and closes the outlet orifice before the control member is in its fully closed position, the remainder of its travel merely serving to increase the loading on the valve spring.
  • Movement of the displaceable member and, thus, control of the effective area of the fiow passageway for the circulating fuel stream may be effected automatically in response to the pressure of the liquid fuel; this can be effected by a common spring-loaded plunger effecting control both of the effective area of the swirl ports and of the spill return line, or by providing a separate spring-loaded plunger for each control, the plunger or each of the plungers responding to changes in liquid fuel pressure to control the efi'ective area of the swirling ports and the rate of spill over from the vortex chamber, respectively, as liquid fuel pressure changes. In certain instances one plunger only, controlling only one of these rates of fiow, may be used. Such arrangements are described, for example, in the aforesaid British patent specification.
  • movement of the displaceable member to regulate the effective area of the swirling ports or of the spill return line, or both may be effected manually, as by a piston or plunger having an operating rod extending externally of the burner and actuated by a lever or linkage mechanism which may, if desired, be under the control of a governor or the like associated with the plant or apparatus of which the burner forms a part.
  • the regulating movement may Le effected by electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically-operated means.
  • Figs. 1a and 1b are longitudinal, vertical sectional views of the front and rear parts, respectively, of a burner according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary vertical sectional view of the front of the burner
  • Figs. 3. 4 and 5 are transverse section views taken on correspondingly numbered lines on Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view showing a modified form of the burner tip.
  • the burner is shown mounted within a guide tube i0 fixed to a furnace wall II. It comprises a main, outer housing or casing l2 having a rearward extension Ila threadedly secured to the rear, and a cap l3 similarly secured to its front. A final orifice plate [4 and the forward flange of a cylindrical, hollow swirl plug or sleeve l5, are clamped to the end of the casing by the cap l3, these parts being coaxial.
  • the sleeve I5 is spaced from the casing to form an annular fuel supply space into which fuel may be fed under pressure from any source, not shown, through inlet fitting 16.
  • the sleeve l5 has a series of tangential axially displaced swirling ports.
  • six parts are provided, arranged in pairs and located in three different transverse planes, the ports being designated by numbers Ila, llb and He, and the two forward ports Ila being smaller than the others. These ports communicate externally with the source of fuel.
  • a hollow, displaceable piston or plunger I8 is mounted for axial displacement within the cylindrical bore of the swirl sleeve l5, and has a constriction at its forward end to provide an abutment for a purpose described hereafter, leaving a spill orifice through the constriction.
  • the orifice plate M, the swirl sleeve 15 and the piston l8, between them, define a forced vortex chamber immediately to the rear of the final orifice.
  • the displaceable piston or plunger I8 is shaped so that it covers all swirling ports in the sleeve l5 when in its forward position shown in Figs. 145. It is provided with an external annular groove l9 located to communicate with fuel ports Ho and with the rear portions of fuel ports llb when the plunger is in its fully forward position. Radial ports 20 in the plunger place the groove I9 into communication with the interior of the plunger. While the ports 20 have been described as receiving fuel through fuel ports llb and He which are also swirling ports and function as such when uncovered by the forward edge of plunger 18, it is possible to employ other fuel ports in the swirl plug for this purpose, e. g., auxiliary ports farther back which never function as swirling ports.
  • (also herein referred to as an orifice valve) is reciprocably mountedwithin the plunger l8 by means of a spider 22 or the like, its head seating against the inner edge of the final orifice in the plate I4, and its stem extending rearwardly through the constricted spill orifice at the front of the plunger.
  • the forward edges of the vanes of spider 22 are shaped to engage the abutment formed by the constriction at the front of the plunger when the latter is retracted.
  • the valve is urged forwardly by a spring 23, abutting the spider 22 and the .front face of a tubular connector 24.
  • the dimensions of the spring 23 are such that the spring is under load when the plunger 18 is in its fully forward position so that initial retraction of the plunger serves to reduce the spring load, while the valve 2
  • Connector 24 is screwed into the rear of the plunger l8 and welded to the front end of tubular connecting rod 25 which extends rearwardly within casing I2 and is welded to a hollow plunger 26 rearwardly of the inlet port I6.
  • the plunger 26 is slidable within a stationary bushing 21 secured to the casing section
  • a leak-tight seal is provided by a bellows 30 having its front ring 3
  • a pin 38 fixed to the casing section
  • the rearward movement of the slidable parts is limited by a flange 39 on the connector 29.
  • the forward movement is limited by abutment of an enlargement at the rear of the plunger I8 against the back of the swirl plug I5.
  • the burner operates as follows: Assuming the piston or plunger I8 to be in its fully forward position as shown, the needle valve 2
  • fuel under pressure e. g., heated oil
  • the spill control comprising ports 34 and groove 35 are fully open in this position of the plungers and maximum spill is permitted.
  • the oil also enters the vortex chamber forwardly of the plunger I8, but not with any tangential component of velocity (due to the radial disposition of the ports 20) and without issuing from the final orifice, the needle valve 2
  • remains seated and the load on spring 23 is decreased; this loading may be decreased to zero, although it is not essential in every case that this be so, because the valve is subsequently positively lifted regardless of the spring.
  • is lifted from its seat.
  • the plunger I3 begins to uncover the forward ports I 1a, and fuel enters the vortex chamber tangentially and forms a vortex. Since the valve 2
  • the bumer has a modified swirl plug and plunger, but in other respects is identical with that previously described.
  • the swirl plug 40 is provided with one or more tangential swirling ports at each of at least two axially displaced transverse planes, indicated at Ma and HI).
  • Port 4Ia nearest the orifice plate I4, is of smaller diameter.
  • the fuel passes under pressure from a fuel supply to the vortex chamber through the forward port 4
  • this modified embodiment of the burner is similar to that previously described, except that when the plunger 42 is in .its fully forward position with the needle valve closed, fuel supplied under pressure enters directly into the vortex chamber through the swirling port or ports not covered by the piston. Since the final orifice is closed by the needle valve, the fuel so entering the vortex chamber returns or spills back to the fuel reservoir. In this position of the plunger, the spill plunger fully uncovers the ports in the liner 21 and allows maximum spill. In this way flushing of the interior of the burner right up to the final orifice is effected prior to the withdrawal of the plunger to open the needle valve. Again, initial retraction of the plunger serves to release the spring load on the needle valve 2
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 6 has the advantage of simplicity, but the drawbacks that only a restricted path through the small ports la is provided for the preliminary circulation of oil (it being noted that the ports 2. in the previous embodiment are larger and in communication with several larger ports [1b and He); and that unless the initial retraction of the plunger is continued far enough, the valve 2
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; one or more swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof; an end wall for the vortex chamber; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a spill return passageway for said vortex chamber; a plunger reciprocably mounted with respect to said plug and arranged to vary 35 the effective area of said swirling ports upoit' reciprocating thereof, said plunger having a zero output position corresponding to zero flow of fuel through said outlet orifice, said plunger being shaped to admitfuel through at least some of said ports into the vortex chamber when in said zero output position to permit fuel to flow into the spill return passageway at or adjacent to the vortex chamber and to increase the effective area of said swirl ports during at least a part of its movement in a direction away from said zero output position; a valve adapted to seat against said outlet orifice; resilient means urging said valve against said outlet orifice axially movable with
  • the means for retracting said valve comprises an abutment movable with said plunger and operatively engageable with a part of the valve only after initial partial movement of the plunger in the said direction.
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; one or more swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof; an end wall for the vortex chamber; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a spill return passageway for said vortex; a throttling valve for said spill return passageway; a displaceable member comprising a plunger mounted reciprocably with respect to said swirl plug having a zero output position corresponding to zero fuel flow through said outlet orifice and arranged to decrease the effective area of said swirling ports upon movement thereof toward said zero position.
  • said displaceable member being connected to actuate said throttling valve toward open position when the displaceable member and plunger are moved to decrease said effective area of the swirling ports, and vice versa, said plunger being shaped to admit fuel into the vortex chamber when in the zero output position to permit fuel to flow into the spill return passageway at or adjacent to the vortex chamber; an orifice valve adapted to seat against said outlet orifice; means urging said orifice valve against said outlet orifice; and means for retracting said orifice valve from said outlet orifice when said displaceable member is moved from said zero output position in a direction for increasing the effective area of said swirling ports.
  • the said throttling valve has a fully open position and a flow restrictive position and is operatively connected to said displaceable member for actuation thereby to flow restrictive position only during continued movement of the displaceable member and plunger from said zero position beyond the position thereof at which the orifice valve is fully opened, whereby the throttling valve remains substantially in its fully open position when said orifice valve is seated and during the movement of said orifice valve from its seated position to its fully open position.
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; a plurality of axially displaced swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof; an end wall for the vortex chamber; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a spill return passageway for said vortex chamber; a plunger reciprocably mounted with respect to said plug,
  • a valve adapted to seat against said outlet orifice; means urging said valve against said outlet orifice; and means for retracting said valve from said outlet orifice when said plunger is moved from said extreme position in the said direction.
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; one or more swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof; an end wall for the vortex chamber; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a plunger reciprocably mounted within said plug and arranged to vary the effective area of swirl ports upon reciprocation thereof; a port in said plunger located for registry with a fuel port in said plug when the plunger is in a position for zero effective area of said swirl ports, and disposed to move out of registry with said fuel port when moved to increase said effective area; a spill return passageway for said vortex chamber; a valve adapted to seat against said outlet orifice; means urging said valve against said outlet orifice; and means for retracting said valve from said outlet orifice when said plunger is moved in a direction for increasing the effective area of said swirling ports.
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithln; a plurality of axially displaced swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof an end wall for the vortex chamber; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a tubular plunger reciprocably mounted within said plug and arranged to close said swirling ports when in its forward position and to uncover said ports progressively when retracted, the interior of said plunger being in communication with said vortex chamber; a port in said plunger located for registry with a fuel port in said plug when the plunger is in its forward position.
  • a valve movable axially with respect to said plunger and adapted to seat against said outlet orifice; resilient means urging said valve against said outlet orifice; and abutment means on said valve and on said plunger for retracting said valve when the plunger is retracted, said abutment means being spaced apart to come into operative engagement only after initial partial retraction of the plunger and before the uncovering of the forward swirling port.
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; a plurality of axially displaced swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof, the swirling port nearest the forward end of the vortex chamber having a smaller cross-sectional area than the swirling ports farther toward the rear; an end wall for the vortex chamber at the forward end thereof; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a tubular plunger reciprocably mounted within said plug and arranged to close said swirling ports when in its forward position, and to uncover said ports progressively when retracted, the interior of said plunger being in communication at its forward end with the vortex chamber; a port in said plunger located for registry with a fuel port in said plug when the plunger is in its forward position, and disposed to move out of registry with said fuel ports chamber uncovered when the plunger is in its fully forward position, the interior of said plunger being in communication at'its forward end with the vortex chamber; a
  • a liquid fuel burner of the type described having, in combination, a hollow swirl plug providing a vortex chamber therewithin; a plurality of axially displaced swirling ports in the side wall of said plug for introducing fuel into the vortex chamber substantially tangentially thereof; an end wall for the vortex chamber at the forward end thereof; an outlet orifice in said end wall; a tubular plunger reciprocably mounted within said plug and arranged to close some of said swirling ports and leave at least the swirling ports nearest the forward end of the vortex way, fuel inlet openings in one or more walls of said chamber for introducing fuel from said supply passageway into the chamber comprising one or more swirling ports disposed in a direction to form a vortex in the chamber, and a spill return passageway in communication with the said chamber for the discharge of fuel therefrom, arranged to permit the flow of a circulating stream of fuel successively through said fuel supply passageway, fuel inlet openings, vortex chamber and spill return passageway: a displaceable member having a zero output position corresponding to zero flow
  • a throttling valve in said spill return passageway arranged for actuation by said displaceable member and disposed to open said throttling valve when the displaceable member is moved toward said zero output position and to close said throttling valve when the displaceable member is moved away from said position.
  • a displaceable member provided with means for controlling the flow of said circulating stream and having a zero output position corresponding to zero flow of fuel through said outlet orifice and a position displaced therefrom; a, valve within said vortex chamber adapted to seat against said outlet orifice and movably mounted with respect to said displaceable member; resilient means for seating said valve against said outlet orifice; and means cooperating with said displaceable member and operative only after partial movement of said
  • the means for controlling the flow of the circulating stream comprises a plunger having a wall movable over said inlet openings for closing the openings, said plunger being positioned on said displaceable member so as to leave at least some of said openings open to admit fuel into the vortex chamber when the displaceable member is in said zero output position and to cover and close at least some of said openings to restrict the admission of fuel into the vortex chamber during the initial movement of the displaceable member away from said position in the said direction, the extent of said wall being such that said swirl ports are uncovered and their effective area is progressively increased during continued movement of the displaceable member in the said direction.
  • said means for opening the valve comprises abutment means movable with the valve and with the displaceable member, respectively, said abutment means being positioned to be spaced apart when the displaceable member is in zero position and to come into engagement to open said valve before said wall of the plunger uncovers said swirl ports, whereby the valve is opened before commencement of delivery of fuel through said swirl ports into the vortex chamber.
  • the means for controlling the flow of the circulating stream comprises a plunger having a wall movable over said inlet openings for closing some of the openings, said plunger being positioned on the displaceable member to leave some of said swirl ports uncovered in all positions of the displaceable member, and being movable therewith to uncover said swirl ports and increase their effective area during movement of the displaceable member in the said direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US49732A 1947-09-24 1948-09-17 Liquid fuel burner with nondribble tip valve Expired - Lifetime US2579004A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB25935/47A GB646161A (en) 1947-09-24 1947-09-24 Improvements in or relating to liquid fuel burners

Publications (1)

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US2579004A true US2579004A (en) 1951-12-18

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US49732A Expired - Lifetime US2579004A (en) 1947-09-24 1948-09-17 Liquid fuel burner with nondribble tip valve

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US (1) US2579004A (da)
CH (1) CH278398A (da)
DK (1) DK74791C (da)
FR (1) FR972161A (da)
GB (1) GB646161A (da)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2743137A (en) * 1951-08-02 1956-04-24 Shell Dev Oil burner with spill return duct controllable by flow reversal
US3985300A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-10-12 Du Pont Of Canada Limited Self-purging injection valve
ITBO20080690A1 (it) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-14 Gene Sys S R L Ugello di nebulizzazione per combustibile liquido

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1222195B (de) * 1958-02-10 1966-08-04 W Oertli A G Ing OElbrenner mit steuerbarem OElumlauf und einer Druckzerstaeuberduese
DE1171104B (de) * 1955-07-29 1964-05-27 Hendrik Nicolaas Frederik Verl Zerstaeubungsbrenner fuer fluessige Brennstoffe

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1051908A (en) * 1909-11-08 1913-02-04 Augustin Normand Liquid-fuel atomizer.
US1326488A (en) * 1918-12-02 1919-12-30 Joseph O Fisher Fuel-oil burner for boilers.
US1333612A (en) * 1918-12-02 1920-03-16 Joseph O Fisher Apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion-chambers
US1644372A (en) * 1922-04-21 1927-10-04 James H Gray Burner for liquid fuel
US2308909A (en) * 1938-02-25 1943-01-19 Blanchard Paul Louis Charles Mechanical atomizing burner
US2345402A (en) * 1939-10-28 1944-03-28 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Liquid-fuel burner
US2411181A (en) * 1943-04-10 1946-11-19 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Combustion turbine burner

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1051908A (en) * 1909-11-08 1913-02-04 Augustin Normand Liquid-fuel atomizer.
US1326488A (en) * 1918-12-02 1919-12-30 Joseph O Fisher Fuel-oil burner for boilers.
US1333612A (en) * 1918-12-02 1920-03-16 Joseph O Fisher Apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion-chambers
US1644372A (en) * 1922-04-21 1927-10-04 James H Gray Burner for liquid fuel
US2308909A (en) * 1938-02-25 1943-01-19 Blanchard Paul Louis Charles Mechanical atomizing burner
US2345402A (en) * 1939-10-28 1944-03-28 Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co Liquid-fuel burner
US2411181A (en) * 1943-04-10 1946-11-19 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Combustion turbine burner

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2743137A (en) * 1951-08-02 1956-04-24 Shell Dev Oil burner with spill return duct controllable by flow reversal
US3985300A (en) * 1974-08-01 1976-10-12 Du Pont Of Canada Limited Self-purging injection valve
ITBO20080690A1 (it) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-14 Gene Sys S R L Ugello di nebulizzazione per combustibile liquido

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB646161A (en) 1950-11-15
DK74791C (da) 1952-10-06
CH278398A (fr) 1951-10-15
FR972161A (fr) 1951-01-26

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