US2575383A - High-frequency amplifying device - Google Patents
High-frequency amplifying device Download PDFInfo
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- US2575383A US2575383A US704918A US70491846A US2575383A US 2575383 A US2575383 A US 2575383A US 704918 A US704918 A US 704918A US 70491846 A US70491846 A US 70491846A US 2575383 A US2575383 A US 2575383A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
- H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
Definitions
- This invention relates to devices for amplifying high frequency electric waves, and particularly to such devices in which amplification is had through interaction between an electron stream and a high frequency electric field associated with the waves to be amplified over an extended distance such as a distance of more than a wavelength along the transmission path of the wave. It relates also particularly to devices for introducing a loss along the path of the high frequency field and the electron stream so as to prevent self-oscillation.
- a principal object of the invention is to minimize tendencies toward self-oscillation in high frequency devices of the type which utilize the interaction of an electron stream and the high frequency field of waves the stream and waves traveling along a common path.
- An object of the invention is to provide means for introducing a loss along the path of the field of the traveling wave in a device of the character described.
- a further object of the invention is to overcome the effects of impedance mismatch be-' tween the output circuit of the amplifying device and the transmission circuit associated therewith.
- Another object of the invention is to extend the band width over which the amplifying device is capable of providing effective transmisson.
- a still further object of the invention is to prevent the accumulation of non-uniform static charges on the supporting structure along the path of the beam in a device of the character described.
- Copending application Serial No. 704,858, filed October 22, 1946, by J. R. Pierce describes an electronic amplifying apparatus for high frequencies in which the transmission path of the wave to be amplified is incorporated into the amplifying apparatus.
- the traveling wave follows a path such that the associated electric field may be traversed by an electron stream having a velocity of the same order of magnitude as that at which the traveling wave moves through the amplifying apparatus.
- the electron stream reacts on the electric field and the electric field reacts on the electron stream in such a manner that the wave traveling along the path in the same direction as the electron stream increases in amplitude with distance while a wave traveling against the stream is little affected by the presence of the electrons;
- the device acts as an amplifier-for waves traveling in the same direction as the electron stream.
- the useful range of amplification which can be utilized is limited by a tendency to generate self-sustaining oscillations as the amplification is increased.
- This effect appears to be caused by the impossibility of attaining a perfect impedance match between the output circuit of the device and the load circuit, over all of the wide range of frequencies over which a wave traveling along the helix in the direction of electron flow is caused to increase by interaction with the electron stream.
- a portion of the energy is reflected back toward the input end of the amplifying device in accordance with the well-known behavior of transmission lines.
- the amplifying device disclosed and claimed in the J. R. Pierce application to which reference has been made utilizes a series of rods of electrically non-conductive ceramic material of low dielectric constant for supporting the helical wave transmission conductor. It has been found that the rods and the inner walls of the evacuated envelope tend to accumulate high static charges with subsequent random discharges and arcing. This phenomenon is particularly troublesome in that the rods are not uniformly exposed to the electron stream and the variations in potential distribution along the helix lead to generally unstable and unsatisfactory operation.
- these difficulties may be remedied by coating the ceramic supporting rods of the helical wave transmission conductor with a highly resistive material such as colloidal graphite and with a particular thickness distribution along the rods.
- a light coating of extremely high resistance is applied along the greater portion of the rods to provide a conductive path for incident electrons and hence prevent the accumulation of an excessive static electric charge.
- the conductivity of the path is greatly increased by increasing the thickness of the coating.
- Such a thickness distribution results in the concentration of the greater portion trolled to achieve the desired conductivity magnitude and distribution characteristics than in structures utilizing other methods of obtaining an energy dissipative characteristic along the length of the helical transmission path.
- Fig. 1 shows a wave amplifying device of the type to which the present invention pertains with parts broken away and other parts in section;
- Fig. 2 shows an external view of the wave amplifying device
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional View of the wave amplifying device taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 which illustrates the manner in which the ceramic support rods are disposed between the helix and the envelope;
- Fig. 4 is a view of the support rod assembly which shows the distribution of the dissipative coating along the rods;
- Fig. 5 is a qualitative graph of wave amplitudes in an amplifying device in which there is no dissipative material
- Fig. 6 is a qualitative graph of wave amplitudes in an amplifying device to which the present invention has been applied.
- Fig. '7 is a representation of the manner in which the effective wave attenuation varies with a variation in the thickness of the coating of the dissipative material.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an illustrative embodiment of a discharge device adapted to be used as an amplifier for ultra-high frequencies.
- the arrangement shown comprises an electron beam tube including an evacuated envelope having an elongated portion III. This portion, which is of uniform diameter along its length, connects with an enlarged electrode containing portion H.
- the envelope is constituted of a low loss insulating material such as glass or quartz.
- the tubular envelope portion H! is provided at one end with a means such as a known type of electron gun for producing an electron beam.
- the combination shown comprises a heater [2 which is supplied with energy by a source l3, a cathode M, and an aperture I5 for confining the electrons emitted from the cathode to a concentrated stream.
- One side of heater I2 is connected to cathode M.
- a metallic cylinder it having a configuration which will provide suitable electric field patterns is biased to a positive potential in order to accelerate and focus the electron stream.
- the electron stream is further concentrated and guided along an axial path within the space surrounded by a helix H by a magnetic fccussing coil is and a cylindrical coil 38.
- the strong magnetic field formed by the coil 30 serves also to prevent the deviation of the electron stream from the desired path by outside magnetic influences.
- Anode 19 serves to collect the elec-' trons arriving at the end of the envelope.
- the focussing cylinder I6 and the helix H are maintained at a potential of the order of fifteen hundred to two thousand volts above that of the cathode [4 by a potential source conventionally represented by a battery 20.
- a conductor 54 serves to impart the high potential to the helix IT.
- the collector I9 is maintained at a somewhat lower potential by a tap on the same potential source for the purpose of decelerating the electron stream before it strikes the collector. This is by no means essential to the operation of the device and the collector may be maintained at a potential higher than that of the helix.
- the portions of the device just described are related only to the generation of a stream of electrons and guiding them through the envelope.
- the electrodes which make up the high frequency system of the device serve to introduce the high frequency waves to be amplified into the envelope, provide a path along which the Waves may travel to interact with the electron stream, and to couple the path of the waves to the electron stream.
- the device is normally intended for the uniform amplification of a wide band of high frequency waves at wavelengths in the order of three to ten centimeters and the high frequency portions of the device must necessarily have dimensions suitable for use at the particular wavelength to be amplified. Since the band width of the waves to be amplified may well be of the order of several hundred megacycles, the expression wavelength to be amplified will be understood to denote the wavelength of the frequency at the center of the band.
- the helix ll which serves as the path along which the waves may be propagated, is wound with several turns per wavelength along its axis which may preferably be of a lentgh of thirty to forty of the wavelengths to be amplified.
- the helix is supported by a series of non-conductive ceramic rods 2! which are disposed between the helix and the envelope.
- Fig. 2 which is an external view of the device shown in section in Fig. 1, and by the section taken along the line 3-3 in Fig. 2 and shown in Fig. 3.
- the support rods act to hold the helix firmly in a position concentric with the tubular envelope.
- the input coupling strip support section 26 and the output coupling strip support section 2? are positioned in spaced relation to the cylinder H3 and the anode 19 by the ceramic spacer 5i, the helix support rods 21, and the ceramic spacer 52.
- the coupling strips 24 and 25 and support sections 26 and 21 are each in the order of one-eighth of the length of the wavelength to be amplified. They are illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 4, in which the identification numbers correspond with those of Fig. 1.
- the helix I? is joined to the input coupling strip 24 by the input impedance matching section 22 and to the output coupling strip 25 by the output impedance matching section 23.
- These matching sections are simply extensions of the helix in which the spacing between turns is increased along the circumference of the helix Serial No. 705,181, filed October 23, 1946, by
- an incoming wave path conventionally represented by the input wave guide 28 into which there is introduced the input wave signal to be amplified.
- An output wave path shown as the output wave guide 29 serves to transfer the amplified output wave to the load circuit.
- the wave resonator 3! is coupled to the conductor 54 in order to prevent the radiation of high frequency energy imparted to the conductor by the helix H. The action of the resonator is adequate to fulfill its intended purpose over the entire band of frequencies to be amplified even though the resonator is resonant to some frequency near the center of the band.
- the input and output wave guides are joined by the metallic cylinder 32 and further connected electrically to the metallic shell 53 of the focussing coil l8 and the wave resonator 3
- the input coupling strip support section 25 in conjunction with the metallic shell 53 of the focussing coil l8 and the wall of the wave guide 28 form an open-circuited transmission line which is electrically one-quarter the length of the wavelength to be amplified. It thus acts as a low impedance path across the openin in the wall of the wave guide through which the envelope H1 is inserted and as a low impedance support point for the coupling strip 24.
- the output coupling strip support section cooperates with the walls of the wave resonator 3
- the inputwave guide 28 is coupled to a source of signal energy so as to produce a mode of wave propagation having an electric field vector parallel to the coupling strip 24.
- a corresponding wave is thus generated along the coupling strip and imparted to the helix through the impedance matching section 22.
- This matching section acts as a tapered transmission line and transfers the wave from the relatively high impedance at the end of the couplin'g'strip to the relatively low impedance of the helix with a minimum reflection of energy back to the signal source.
- the wave then travels along the circumference of the helix at a speed approximating that of light, but at a linear velocity along the axis of the tube which is smaller in proportion to the ratio of the distance between turns to the circumference per turn.
- the initial interaction between the traveling wave and the electron stream is very slight, the wave serving initially only to produce waves of charge density and velocity in the electron stream.
- the wave and the electron stream travel along the axis of the helix and a wave is established in the electron stream, a condition is established in which the wave travels a. little slower than the electrons formin the modulated electron stream and the electrons impart energy to the Wave in a manner which increases the amplitude of the wave at a rapidly increasing rate.
- the amplified wave reaches 6 the output end of the helix, it traverses the second impedance matching section 23 and is transferred to the output wave guide 29 by means of the coupling strip 25.
- Fig. 5 there is shown a qualitative representation of the wave amplitude relationships within the device. Assuming an input wave to the helix of a magnitude represented by ordinate 33 as the wave travels along the helix, it is reinforced by the interaction of the field of the Wave with the moving electron stream and increases in accordance with the curve 34 to reach the amplitude represented by ordinate 35. at the output end of the helix. It is to be noted that the amplitude grows slowly at first, but at an increasing rate, so that a major portion of the amplification is achieved along the last third of the path traveled. This effect is an important consideration in the present invention.
- the impedance match achieved by the tapered line of the type shown provides a standing wave ratio in the order of two decibels over a frequency range of several hundred megacycles. While this is an extremely favorable termination over such a band width by the present standards of the art, there will still exist a reflected wave at the output end of the helix whose amplitude may be represented at 36. This wave is very little affected by the electron stream and hence will propagate back along the helix with very little attenuation. The wave will reach the input end of the helix with an amplitude which may be represented at 3'!
- Fig. 6 a qualitative representation of the wave amplitude relationships in a device of the character described in which the attenuation along the helix is represented by the broken line 38.
- the input wave having an amplitude represented by the ordinate 35 increases slowly in amplitude, drops rapidly through the region of high attenuation, and then rapidly increases to the amplitude 49 at the output end of the helix in the manner shown by the curve 4
- the apparent amplification is thus reduced only slightly, due to the cumulative effect of the density variations of the electron stream previously described.
- the reflected wave represented at 42 is, however, reduced to a very low value, as shown by curve 43, thus permitting a large increase in level of amplification to be achieved in practice.
- the greater attenuation of the reflected wave will serve also accuses pative coating easily may be applied during the process of manufacture; the thickness distribution easily may be controlled to provide any desired type of attenuation characteristic; and-the coating also serves in the operation of the device to prevent the accumulation of static charges due to the incidence of electrons upon the nonconductive support rods 2! and upon the inner walls of the envelope Ill.
- the dissipative coating may be formed of any material which may be readily applied to the surface of the rod and which will provide the proper values of resistance.
- a colloidal graphite commercially known as Aquadag is particularly effective both as to ease of application and for obtaining the proper orders of resistance.
- the graphite may be made into a solution with alcohol and applied by spraying with nitrogen gas in order to avoid the contamination which might be introduced by the use of oxygen.
- Alcohol is particularly de sirable as a solvent since the coating will dry sufficiently rapidly to allow the application of successive coats without running. It is desirable that all of the rods for a given structure be processed as a group so that they will have exactly the same resistance characteristics. It has been found impractical to process the rods separately and then attempt to select units which have identical resistance characteristics for use in the same device.
- the resistance per unit length along the end portions .of the helix support rods represented at M and 45 may have a value in the order of one to five megohms per inch.
- the resistance per unit length may be in the order of 7,000 to 15,000 ohms perinch, whilein the region of minimum resistance per unit length, represented at 48, a desirable value is in the order of 600 ohms per inch.
- Fig. 4 an enlarged view of the helix support rods 2
- the coated rod Since the coated rod is in intimate contact with the outer surface of the turns of the helix, it is necessary that the conductivity along .the rod not be increased beyond that of the indicated preferable minimum value of resistance per unit length. This will be apparent from a consi'deration 10f :the fact that the loss 0f energy is caused by the electric field vector of the traveling wave cutting the conductive coating in such .a manner'as to induce eddy currents which are in turn dissipated in the coating. It has been found that if the conductivity-of the coating along the .rodis made too high the 'mode in which the high frequency wave is. propagated along the helix is changed -to such an extent that the desired dissipative efiect is substantially reduced.
- the graph of 7 shows in a qualitative way the relationship between the thickness of :the coating of dissipative material and the effective attenuation which may be attained in theoperation of the-device.
- the maximum point 49 of the curve 59 represents an attenuation in the order of 20 decibels per inch.
- the present invention remedies the aforementioned Idifiiculty byvproviding a conductive coating along the ceramic support rods and in contact with the inner walls of the envelope.
- This conductive coating :prevents the accumulation of chargesof varying magnitudes in separate regions of the structure by providing a path along whichthe electrons may flow. .It will-beapparent' that 'while the totalaccumulated charge may vary from time to time, the charge will be uniformly distributed and hence have no effect'uponzthe operation of the device.
- a wave amplifying device an evacuated container, 'a transmission path capable of guiding high frequency electrical waves, said transmission path comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of said transmission path to permit travel of the waves along said path, electrode means to direct an electron stream through the field region of said transmission-path in the direction of wave travel,
- means to abstract amplified waves from an out put end of said transmission path, and supporting means for said helix comprising a plurality of members extending along the surface of said helix and disposed between said helix and said container, said members being of an electrically resistive material for introducing a high frequency loss into said transmission path.
- a transmission path capable of guiding high frequency electrical waves, said transmission path comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of said transmission path to permit travel of the waves along said path, electrode means to direct an electron stream through the field region of said transmission path in the direction of wave travel, means to abstract amplified waves from an output end of said transmission path, supporting means for said helix comprising a plurality of non-conductive members extending along the surface of said helix and disposed between said helix and said container, and means for incorporating into said wave transmission path a high frequency loss, said means comprising a coating of electrically resistive material on the surface of said supporting members.
- a transmission path capable of guid ing high frequency electrical waves, said transmission path comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of said transmission path to permit travel of the waves along said path, electrode means to direct an electron stream through the field region of said transmission path in the direction of wave travel, means to abstract amplified waves from an output end of said transmission path, a plurality of nonconductive members extending along said helix, L
- said means comprising a coating of electrically resistive material on the surface of said non-conductive members, said coating being non-uniformly distributed to prevent self-oscillation with a minimum of loss.
- said high-frequency loss means comprising a layer of colloidal graphite.
- a wave amplifying device in accordance with claim 2 said high-frequency loss means being non-uniformly distributed along the surface of said supporting members to provide a relatively high loss in one region along the length of the helix while providing relatively low loss along the remaining regions.
- said high-frequency loss means comprising a layer of colloidal graphite of such a thickness distribution that the resistance of the coating on each member varies from the order of megohms per inch at the ends of the said supporting members to the order of 600 ohms per inch at the center of said supporting members.
- a wave amplifying device comprising a transmission line having an input end and an output end, one side of said transmission line comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix in an evacuated enclosure, means to direct a beam of electrons lengthwise of and within said enclosure, coupling means within said enclosure to supply signal waves to be amplified to said input end, a second coupling means within said enclosure to abstract amplified signal waves from said output end, supporting means for said helix comprising a multiplicity of non-conductive members extending longitudinally between said two coupling means and disposed in contact with said helix at circumferentially spaced points to support it, and wave dissipative means distributed along and carried by said supporting members:
- said wave dissipative means comprising a layer of colloidal graphite on the surface of said members.
- a discharge device comprising an elongated envelope, wave-conducting means comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix within said envelope, means within said envelope to direct an electron stream axially of said helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of said wave-conducting means to permit said waves to travel along said conducting means and interact with said electron stream, means to abstract amplified waves from an output end of said Wave-conducting means, nonconductive supporting members for said helix disposed between and in contact with said helix and said envelope at discrete circumferentially spaced points, and a superficial coating over said supporting members effective to lessen the charging tendencies of said supporting members due to the incidence of electrons from said electron stream and comprising a layer of partially conducting material.
- a discharge device in accordance with claim 10, said coating comprising a layer of colloidal graphite.
- a discharge device comprising an elongated envelope, wave-conducting means comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix within said envelope, means within the envelope for producing an electron stream axially of said helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of saidwave-conducting means to permit said waves to travel along said conducting means and interact with said electron stream, non-conductive supporting members for said helix disposed between said helix and said envelope, and a superficial coating over said supporting members effective to lessen the charging tendencies of said supporting members due to the incidence of electrons from said electron stream and comprising a layer of partially conducting material, said supporting members being elongated rods and said coating comprising a layer of colloidal carbon of such a thickness distribution that the resistance of the coating on each member varies from the order of one megohm per inch at the ends of said supporting member to the order of 600 ohms per inch at the center of said supporting member.
- a wave amplifying device comprising an evacuated container, means for producing a beam of electrons therein, a wave transmission conductor disposed along the pathof the beam for the propagation of high frequency electrical waves in the direction of said beam and at the same order of velocity as said beam, and means for introducing effective dissipation in the electromagnetic field of the waves propagated along said conductor comprising. a. non-conductive member havinga coating of a conductive material supported and extending in a direction generally parallel to said beam within said field.
- a traveling wave electronic amplifier comprising an evacuated container, means for. propagating a, beam of electrons over an extended path therein, means for causing a traveling electromagnetic field of energy which is to be amplified tobe propagated in the same direction as the beam-and at the same order of propagation velocity, and energy dissipative means comprising a non-conductive rod extending parallel to said beam and having a coating of conductive material distributed therealongto introduce substantial loss for electromagnetic waves propagated in azdirection opposite to that of said beam.
- a wave amplifying device an evacuated container, a transmission path capable of guiding high frequency electrical waves, said transmission.
- path comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix, means to impress waves to be amplified upon an input end of said transmissionpath to permit travel of the waves along said path, electrode means for projecting an electron.
- a wave amplifying device comprising a transmission line having an input end and an output end, one side of said transmission line comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix in an evacuated enclosure, means to direct a beam of electrons lengthwise of and within said enclosure, coupling means within said enclosure to connect a source of input waves to be amplified to said input end, impedance'transforming means connected between said coupling means and said helix, a second coupling means within-said enclosure to connect a load circuit to said output end, impedance transforming means connectedbetween said helix and saidsecond coupling means, at least one-of said impedance transforming means comprising a'section of transmission line having a continuously varying linear velocity of wave transmission along its length, supporting means for said helix-comprising a plurality of electrically-non-conductive rod-like members extending longitudinally along saidhelixsubstantially from one of .said coupling means to the other, and wave dissipative means distributedalong and carriedby
- a wave amplifying device in accordance with claimlfi at least one of said impedance transformingmeanscomprising a' section of elongated helix having varying pitch in successive turns.
- A- discharge device comprising an elongated envelope, wave-conducting means comprising a conductor in the form of an elongated helix within said envelope,- means within the envelope for-producing an electronstream axially'oisaid helix, means to impresswaves to be amplified upon an input end of said wave-conducting means to permit said waves to travel along said conductingmeans and, interact with said electron stream, a plurality of non-conductive supporting members for said helix disposed between said helix and. said envelope at circumferentially spaced points, and a, superficial coating over said supporting members effective to lessen the charging tendencies of said supporting members; due to the: incidenceof electrons from said electron stream and comprising a. layer of partially conducting material, said superficial coating being also inzintimatecontact with the inner wall of said envelope.
- a transmission path capable of guiding high frequency electrical waves, said transmission path comprising a conductorin the form of an elongated helix, means to impress waves to e amplified upon'an input end of said transmission path to permit travel of the waves along said path, electrode means to direct an electron stream along said-path'through the field region of said helix in the direction of wave travel, means to abstract amplified waves from an output endof said transmission path, supporting means for said helix comprising a plurality of substantially parallel rod-like members extending along the surface of said'helix, and means for incorporating into said. wave transmission path ahigh frequency loss, said means comprising wave dissipative means distributedalon'g, and carried by said supporting members.
- a discharge device comprising an elongated envelope, Wave-conducting means comprising a conductorin the form of an elongated-helix within" said envelope, means within said envelope to direct an electron stream axially of said helix, means to impress Waves to be amplified upon an input end of said wave-conducting means to permit said wave to travel along said conducting means and interact with said electron stream, means to abstract amplified waves from an output end of said wave-conducting means, nonconductive supporting members for said helix and a superficial coating over said members effective to lessen the charging tendencies of said members due to the incidence of electrons from said electron stream and comprising a layer of electrically resistive material.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BE476787D BE476787A (nl) | 1946-10-22 | ||
NL73832D NL73832C (nl) | 1946-10-22 | ||
FR954564D FR954564A (nl) | 1946-10-22 | ||
US704918A US2575383A (en) | 1946-10-22 | 1946-10-22 | High-frequency amplifying device |
GB28261/47A GB669475A (en) | 1946-10-22 | 1947-10-22 | Travelling wave amplifier discharge device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US704918A US2575383A (en) | 1946-10-22 | 1946-10-22 | High-frequency amplifying device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2575383A true US2575383A (en) | 1951-11-20 |
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ID=24831372
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US704918A Expired - Lifetime US2575383A (en) | 1946-10-22 | 1946-10-22 | High-frequency amplifying device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2575383A (nl) |
BE (1) | BE476787A (nl) |
FR (1) | FR954564A (nl) |
GB (1) | GB669475A (nl) |
NL (1) | NL73832C (nl) |
Cited By (61)
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US2626371A (en) * | 1948-07-16 | 1953-01-20 | Philco Corp | Traveling wave tube attenuator |
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US2636148A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1953-04-21 | John E Gorham | Modified traveling wave tube |
US2641730A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1953-06-09 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Velocity modulation amplifier tube |
US2657305A (en) * | 1947-01-28 | 1953-10-27 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Traveling wave tube mixing apparatus |
US2657328A (en) * | 1947-01-13 | 1953-10-27 | Hartford Nat Band And Trust Co | Traveling wave amplifier tube |
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US2661441A (en) * | 1947-12-31 | 1953-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
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US2679019A (en) * | 1947-12-02 | 1954-05-18 | Rca Corp | High-frequency electron discharge device |
US2692351A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1954-10-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron beam amplifier |
US2699519A (en) * | 1949-10-17 | 1955-01-11 | Csf | Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators |
US2712614A (en) * | 1950-06-30 | 1955-07-05 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Travelling wave tubes |
US2716202A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | 1955-08-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave amplifier electron discharge device |
US2719936A (en) * | 1949-09-14 | 1955-10-04 | Rca Corp | Electron tubes of the traveling wave type |
US2720609A (en) * | 1948-02-10 | 1955-10-11 | Csf | Progressive wave tubes |
US2721953A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1955-10-25 | Rothstein Jerome | Electron discharge device |
US2730649A (en) * | 1950-02-04 | 1956-01-10 | Itt | Traveling wave amplifier |
US2740068A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1956-03-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave electron discharge device |
US2750529A (en) * | 1952-03-12 | 1956-06-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge device |
US2758243A (en) * | 1952-06-02 | 1956-08-07 | Rca Corp | Electron beam tubes |
US2758241A (en) * | 1949-09-01 | 1956-08-07 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Travelling wave tube |
US2758244A (en) * | 1952-06-02 | 1956-08-07 | Rca Corp | Electron beam tubes |
US2779891A (en) * | 1951-01-27 | 1957-01-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High frequency amplifier |
US2784339A (en) * | 1947-06-25 | 1957-03-05 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge devices of the growing wave type |
US2788465A (en) * | 1951-04-19 | 1957-04-09 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge device |
US2790105A (en) * | 1951-11-01 | 1957-04-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave tubes |
US2790927A (en) * | 1951-05-10 | 1957-04-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave slicer tube |
US2792518A (en) * | 1952-06-12 | 1957-05-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Low noise velocity modulation tube |
US2794143A (en) * | 1949-07-12 | 1957-05-28 | Csf | Progressive wave tube comprising an output cavity and a drift space |
US2794145A (en) * | 1952-04-08 | 1957-05-28 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2800603A (en) * | 1952-04-08 | 1957-07-23 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2801358A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1957-07-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge devices |
US2805333A (en) * | 1955-07-26 | 1957-09-03 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Traveling wave tube mixer |
US2806169A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1957-09-10 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge devices |
US2809321A (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1957-10-08 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Traveling-wave tube |
US2813221A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1957-11-12 | Rca Corp | Electron beam traveling-wave tube |
US2820171A (en) * | 1953-02-07 | 1958-01-14 | Telefunken Gmbh | Travelling wave tube |
US2830221A (en) * | 1951-10-01 | 1958-04-08 | Rca Corp | Traveling wave tubes |
US2830220A (en) * | 1950-06-29 | 1958-04-08 | Gen Electric | Traveling-wave tube |
US2843790A (en) * | 1951-12-14 | 1958-07-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave amplifier |
US2843797A (en) * | 1955-01-25 | 1958-07-15 | Gen Electric | Slow-wave structures |
US2849545A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1958-08-26 | John T Mendel | Wide band traveling wave amplifier |
US2863086A (en) * | 1954-02-09 | 1958-12-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave tube |
US2871393A (en) * | 1954-09-16 | 1959-01-27 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Traveling wave tube of high amplification |
US2880120A (en) * | 1954-05-04 | 1959-03-31 | Sperry Rand Corp | Method of manufacturing a microwave attenuator for travelling wave tube |
US2880357A (en) * | 1955-10-21 | 1959-03-31 | Varian Associates | Electron cavity resonator tube apparatus |
US2882441A (en) * | 1955-08-12 | 1959-04-14 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Travelling wave amplifier tubes |
US2890369A (en) * | 1956-10-02 | 1959-06-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Attenuator |
US2899594A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | johnson | ||
US2905859A (en) * | 1953-10-27 | 1959-09-22 | Raytheon Co | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2908844A (en) * | 1951-04-11 | 1959-10-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Low noise traveling wave tubes |
US2917655A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1959-12-15 | Philips Corp | Electric transmission line |
US2922910A (en) * | 1955-09-22 | 1960-01-26 | Siemens Ag | Electron beam focusing device |
US2941112A (en) * | 1955-07-25 | 1960-06-14 | Gen Electric | Electric discharge device |
US2951964A (en) * | 1955-09-13 | 1960-09-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron beam systems |
US3005126A (en) * | 1950-06-15 | 1961-10-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling-wave tubes |
US3005128A (en) * | 1957-10-18 | 1961-10-17 | Edgerton Germeshausen And Grie | Electron-beam deflection system |
US3391299A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1968-07-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High stability traveling wave tube |
US3576460A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1971-04-27 | Varian Associates | Impedance match for periodic microwave circuits and tubes using same |
US4074211A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dielectric substrate for slow-wave structure |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL79078C (nl) * | 1951-01-27 | |||
DE970404C (de) * | 1951-12-05 | 1958-09-18 | Telefunken Gmbh | Lauffeldroehre |
DE973230C (de) * | 1952-04-08 | 1959-12-24 | Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag | Breitband-Koaxialankopplung fuer Wanderfeldroehren |
NL191459A (nl) * | 1953-03-26 | 1900-01-01 | ||
DE974255C (de) * | 1954-08-05 | 1960-11-10 | Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag | Wanderfeldverstaerkerroehre mit mindestens zwei in Elektronenstrahlrichtung hintereinanderliegenden Wendeln |
GB2296370B (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1998-07-29 | Eev Ltd | Travelling wave tubes |
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US2424576A (en) * | 1944-10-19 | 1947-07-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Oscillator |
-
0
- FR FR954564D patent/FR954564A/fr not_active Expired
- BE BE476787D patent/BE476787A/xx unknown
- NL NL73832D patent/NL73832C/xx active
-
1946
- 1946-10-22 US US704918A patent/US2575383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1947
- 1947-10-22 GB GB28261/47A patent/GB669475A/en not_active Expired
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US2300052A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1942-10-27 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device system |
US2409992A (en) * | 1941-04-12 | 1946-10-22 | Howard M Strobel | Traveling wave coupler |
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Cited By (61)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2899594A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | johnson | ||
US2641730A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1953-06-09 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Velocity modulation amplifier tube |
US2657328A (en) * | 1947-01-13 | 1953-10-27 | Hartford Nat Band And Trust Co | Traveling wave amplifier tube |
US2657305A (en) * | 1947-01-28 | 1953-10-27 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Traveling wave tube mixing apparatus |
US2784339A (en) * | 1947-06-25 | 1957-03-05 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge devices of the growing wave type |
US2660689A (en) * | 1947-08-01 | 1953-11-24 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Ultrahigh-frequency vacuum tube |
US2679019A (en) * | 1947-12-02 | 1954-05-18 | Rca Corp | High-frequency electron discharge device |
US2661441A (en) * | 1947-12-31 | 1953-12-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2720609A (en) * | 1948-02-10 | 1955-10-11 | Csf | Progressive wave tubes |
US2630544A (en) * | 1948-03-20 | 1953-03-03 | Philco Corp | Traveling wave electronic tube |
US2626371A (en) * | 1948-07-16 | 1953-01-20 | Philco Corp | Traveling wave tube attenuator |
US2669674A (en) * | 1948-09-09 | 1954-02-16 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Traveling wave tube |
US2794143A (en) * | 1949-07-12 | 1957-05-28 | Csf | Progressive wave tube comprising an output cavity and a drift space |
US2758241A (en) * | 1949-09-01 | 1956-08-07 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Travelling wave tube |
US2719936A (en) * | 1949-09-14 | 1955-10-04 | Rca Corp | Electron tubes of the traveling wave type |
US2699519A (en) * | 1949-10-17 | 1955-01-11 | Csf | Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators |
US2692351A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1954-10-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron beam amplifier |
US2730649A (en) * | 1950-02-04 | 1956-01-10 | Itt | Traveling wave amplifier |
US3005126A (en) * | 1950-06-15 | 1961-10-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling-wave tubes |
US2716202A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | 1955-08-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave amplifier electron discharge device |
US2830220A (en) * | 1950-06-29 | 1958-04-08 | Gen Electric | Traveling-wave tube |
US2712614A (en) * | 1950-06-30 | 1955-07-05 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Travelling wave tubes |
US2721953A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1955-10-25 | Rothstein Jerome | Electron discharge device |
US2636148A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1953-04-21 | John E Gorham | Modified traveling wave tube |
US2813221A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1957-11-12 | Rca Corp | Electron beam traveling-wave tube |
US2779891A (en) * | 1951-01-27 | 1957-01-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High frequency amplifier |
US2908844A (en) * | 1951-04-11 | 1959-10-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Low noise traveling wave tubes |
US2788465A (en) * | 1951-04-19 | 1957-04-09 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge device |
US2790927A (en) * | 1951-05-10 | 1957-04-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave slicer tube |
US2830221A (en) * | 1951-10-01 | 1958-04-08 | Rca Corp | Traveling wave tubes |
US2790105A (en) * | 1951-11-01 | 1957-04-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave tubes |
US2843790A (en) * | 1951-12-14 | 1958-07-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave amplifier |
US2801358A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1957-07-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge devices |
US2740068A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1956-03-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave electron discharge device |
US2806169A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1957-09-10 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge devices |
US2750529A (en) * | 1952-03-12 | 1956-06-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron discharge device |
US2794145A (en) * | 1952-04-08 | 1957-05-28 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2800603A (en) * | 1952-04-08 | 1957-07-23 | Itt | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2758243A (en) * | 1952-06-02 | 1956-08-07 | Rca Corp | Electron beam tubes |
US2758244A (en) * | 1952-06-02 | 1956-08-07 | Rca Corp | Electron beam tubes |
US2792518A (en) * | 1952-06-12 | 1957-05-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Low noise velocity modulation tube |
US2820171A (en) * | 1953-02-07 | 1958-01-14 | Telefunken Gmbh | Travelling wave tube |
US2849545A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1958-08-26 | John T Mendel | Wide band traveling wave amplifier |
US2905859A (en) * | 1953-10-27 | 1959-09-22 | Raytheon Co | Traveling wave electron discharge devices |
US2809321A (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1957-10-08 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Traveling-wave tube |
US2863086A (en) * | 1954-02-09 | 1958-12-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave tube |
US2880120A (en) * | 1954-05-04 | 1959-03-31 | Sperry Rand Corp | Method of manufacturing a microwave attenuator for travelling wave tube |
US2871393A (en) * | 1954-09-16 | 1959-01-27 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Traveling wave tube of high amplification |
US2917655A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1959-12-15 | Philips Corp | Electric transmission line |
US2843797A (en) * | 1955-01-25 | 1958-07-15 | Gen Electric | Slow-wave structures |
US2941112A (en) * | 1955-07-25 | 1960-06-14 | Gen Electric | Electric discharge device |
US2805333A (en) * | 1955-07-26 | 1957-09-03 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Traveling wave tube mixer |
US2882441A (en) * | 1955-08-12 | 1959-04-14 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Travelling wave amplifier tubes |
US2951964A (en) * | 1955-09-13 | 1960-09-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electron beam systems |
US2922910A (en) * | 1955-09-22 | 1960-01-26 | Siemens Ag | Electron beam focusing device |
US2880357A (en) * | 1955-10-21 | 1959-03-31 | Varian Associates | Electron cavity resonator tube apparatus |
US2890369A (en) * | 1956-10-02 | 1959-06-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Attenuator |
US3005128A (en) * | 1957-10-18 | 1961-10-17 | Edgerton Germeshausen And Grie | Electron-beam deflection system |
US3391299A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1968-07-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High stability traveling wave tube |
US3576460A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1971-04-27 | Varian Associates | Impedance match for periodic microwave circuits and tubes using same |
US4074211A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dielectric substrate for slow-wave structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR954564A (nl) | 1950-01-03 |
BE476787A (nl) | |
GB669475A (en) | 1952-04-02 |
NL73832C (nl) |
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