US2572784A - Hand-operated counter or tally - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 23, 1951 A. VAN VEEN HAND-OPERATED COUNTER OR TALLY 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Filed March 2, 1949 FIG. 2

F'lCil v a m at 3 F LNVENTOR ANTON VANVEEN ATTORNEY Oct. 23, 1951 VAN VEEN HAND-OPERATED COUNTER OR TALLY 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Filed March 2, 1949 FIC5.I3

INVENTOR ANTON VANVEEN W ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 23, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAND-OPERATED COUNTER R TALLY Anton Van Veen, Canton Center, Conn.

Application March 2, 1949, Serial No. 79,288

17 Claims. (01. 235-117) This invention relates to a tally or counter and particularly to a small handy and usually manually operated counter having a plurality of digit wheels positioned closely adjacent each other on the same axis.

An object of the present invention is to provide a simple inexpensive and easily manufactured counter, one of the frame members or casing of which, such as the cover, is hinged and forms the actuating member for the step by step operation of the individual digit wheels.

Another object of importance of the invention is to provide a simple digit wheel re-setting device for a manual or other form of counting or tallying device in the form of a central, preferably hollow, shaft on which the digit wheels are rotatably mounted and enabling the digit wheels to be promptly advanced to their zero indicating positions.

Another object of the invention is to provide a construction enabling the parts of the tally or counter to be readily assembled and retained in their assembled positions.

Other features that are important are the provision of retaining members for the digit wheels on opposite ends of the shaft to facilitate the assembly of the counter, and also to provide an improved form of operating lever for the digit wheels which may be made of a stamping from sheet metal.

And finally, it is an object of the invention to provide resilient means pressing against the periphery of the digit wheels to prevent accidental rotative movement of the wheels, to position and retain the wheels in their proper rotative position at each actuation of the counter to properly align the numerals, and to prevent retrograde movement of the wheels.

With the above and other objects in view the invention may include the features of construction, assembly and operation set forth in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings annexed hereto and forming a part of this specification. I have shown the invention embodied in a simple hand tally having four closely adjacent digit wheels mounted on a common axis but it will be understood that the invention can be otherwise embodied and that the drawings are not to be construed as defining or limiting the scope of the invention, the claims appended to this specification being relied upon for that purpose.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a preferred form of tally made in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the tally substantially as shown in Fig. 1, some of the parts being cut away to more clearly show their construction;

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 33, in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 with the parts shown in another operative position;

Fig. 5 is an isometric view of the actuating lever for operating the digit wheels;

Fig. 6 is a side view of one of the digit wheels, the view being taken from the opposite side of the wheel shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and on line 6-8 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a detail View of the springs disposed between the hinged cover and the individual digit wheel peripheries and showing the construction by which the cover is hinged to the casing;

Fig. 8 is a detail view of an assembling and retaining mean for the parts mounted on the digit wheel supporting and resetting shaft;

Fig. 9 is a cro s-sectional view of the retaining means for the assembled parts on the re-set shaft sho n in Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a similar view of an alternate form of retaining means for parts on the re-set shaft;

Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view showing an alternate s ring means for the casing cover and digit wheels;

Fig. 12 is a transverse view of one of the digit wheels showing a modified form of spring reset pawl;

Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional view of a modifled form of hol ow mounting and re-set shaft for the digit wheels;

Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional view of a hollow re-set shaft having a modified form of retaining means for the retaining flange;

Fi 15 is a per ective view showing a modified form of operating lever for the digit wheels;

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional View of an alternate method of mounting and operating the digit Wheel retaining spring;

Fig. 17 is a detail cross-sectional view showing another construction of re-set and wheel supporting shaft;

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 15 showing a modified form of operating lever; and

Fig. 19 is a view similar to Fig. 1 on a smaller scale and showing a slight modification.

In the above mentioned drawings there has been shown but one complete embodiment of the invention and several alternate forms of some member, preferably the top of the box or casing,.

pivotally supported adjacent one edge such as the rear vertical surface of the casingso thatthistop or cover member may be actuated manually or mechanically during the operation of the counter; third, a series of digit wheels mounted in side by side relation on the same axis and rotatably mounted on a common axis parallel to the pivotal axis of the actuating cover; fourth, a cast or stamped arm or lever pivotally mounted adjacent the free end of the pivotally mounted member and having projections of progressively varying length adapted to engage notches formed in peripheral portions of the digit wheels; fifth, a spring or springs having their ends resiliently engaging the under surface of the cover member. and a part of the casing so that the cover will normally be held in its upper position; sixth, springs having one of their ends bearing against the peripheral surfaces of the digit wheels and their opposite ends bearing against the inner surface of'the casing or cover; seventh, individual springs housed within each digit wheel one end of each of which forms a resilient resetting pawl; and eighth, a reset shaft rotatably mounting the digit wheels and having a slot or openings formed therein to form an abutment against which the end of each housed spring forming the reset pawl may engage when the counter is being reset to its zero indicating position.

Referring more in detail to the figures of the drawings and first to Figs. 1 to 7, there is shown a box-like casing I 9 preferably made of sheet or moulded material. Pivotally mounted on a transverse shaft l extending through the casing It in a direction parallel to the bottom surface and ad acent the rear wall or surface of the casing is a cover member I2. Springs I4, presently to be morefully described, normally hold the cover I2 toward its open position. Apertures I5 are provided ina portion of the cover member l2 through which one numeral on each of the surfaces of the digit wheels It may be observed. An alternative viewing opening may if desired be cut as shown at I? in Fig. 19 in one of the side walls of the casing it through which a numeral of each digit wheel I8 may be seen. The casing ID as shown in the figures of'the drawing includes four side or wall portions to which a bottom plate as may be integral, soldered or otherwise permanently secured.

To assemble the cover l2 and springs It a small tube I5 extends within and from side to side of the cover and is positioned at its opposite ends adjacent openings formed within the turned down side walls of the cover [2. The springs M are mounted on this tube 95 and the cover I2, with the tube and springs H3 in place, is then mounted in position on the casing IE1 by the small shaft I I passing through the tube :5 and having its ends entering openings formed in the opposite sidewalls of the casing Ill.

The pivotal movement of the cover I2 is limited in its upward direction by the turned down, rear portion of the cover, in the upper limiting position of the cover I2; this turned down portion engages against the rear wall of the casing It. Downward movement of the cover 62 may be limited by the turned down sid surfaces of the cover I2 as shown at Is in Figs. 3 and 4 engaging in the lowermost position of the cover against spacers or washers 21 on the wheel supporting shaft 22.

Within the casing l9 and preferably mounted on an axis parallel to the axis about which the cover member I2 tilts is the shaft 22, hollow as shown, and providing a mounting or bearing on which the digit Wheels I8 may rotate. This shaft 22- also serves as a means, presently to be described, to reset the digit wheels [3 to their zero positions. The digit wheels I8 of which there may be any desired number are identical and have numerals from 0 to 9 printed or otherwise formed equally spaced on their eripheries. Each wheel I8 also has ten equally spaced notches 24 in its periphery, one, of which in each wheel as shown at28 is much deeper than the other nine. The position of the deep notch 26 will be suchrelative to the numerals on the wheel that the actuating lever 28 (presently to be more fully described) will enter the deeper notch when the nine is visible through its viewing apertures Et'in the cover t2ior aperture I! in the casing.

Pivotally mounted adjacent the free end of the cover if is the actuating arm or lever 28 for the digit wheels Iii. A spring Elsurrounding the. shaft 34 on which the lever 28 is mounted in the cover i2 has one of its ends bearing against the under side of the cover [2 and the other end pressing against the lever 28 to force it toward the periph eries of the wheels I8. The arm or lever 28 at its lower or free end has projections 35 of successively increasing length adapted to enter the peripheral notches 2d and 26 in the wheels. It: will be I seen from the above that downward movement of the cover 32 will cause at least one projection 36 of the arm 28 to enter a notch 24 and advance that particular wheel I8 one digit. When a projection 35 enters the deep notch 26 of a wheel iii the adjacent wheel is actuated simultaneously with the wheel into the deep notch of which the projection has entered. As the operation of digit wheels of'ccuntersby projections on a lever entering'peripheral notches of different depth in the wheels is old and well-known to successively actuate the wheels, further description of the operation is thought to be unnecessary. Each downward movement of the cover I2 indicates a successively higher numeral on the wheels It as viewed through the aperture I! or individual apertures H5. To support the arm or lever 28 within the cover I2 the ends of shaft 34 enter openings formed in the turned down side portions of the cover. The lever 23 is thus free to swing toward and from the wheels.

The lever 28 shown in Fig. 5 is of cast or machined construction, the projections 36 of which are preferably milled or otherwise cut from the cast or forged blank. In Fig. 15 is shown an alternate form of lever 28a made by stamping and bending a piece cut from steel metal. The openings for shaft 3% are formed in bent projections in the opposite sides of the metal piece and the projections 3 5a are formed by slitting the edge farthest away from the openings for shaft 34 and bending the slitted portions to successively greater angles. Fig. 18 shows a slight modification of th lever 28b in which one of the digit projections 36b is bent at a right angle to the side edge of the lever. In both forms of lever or arm 28 and 28a in Figs. 5 and the projection 36 at the units end of the series of digit wheels, which is subject to the greatest wear, may be made heavier or wider than the others as shown.

To place a frictional drag on the digit wheels l8 use is made in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to '7 of the small light springs l4. These springs I4 and their alternate forms shown in Figs. 11 and 16 have helical portions surrounding tubes such as IE on shafts such as I I for supporting the cover I2. One end of each spring It bears against the under surface of the cover [2 and the opposite end of each spring bears individually against the periphery of a digit wheel 16 so that each digit wheel is resiliently engaged by one of the springs. Figs. 3 and 4 show springs M in their two extreme positions. The ends of the springs I bearing against the wheels 18 are sufiiciently long to rest between one edge of a notch 24 with an intermediate portion of the spring riding over the wheel surface between the projections. There is thus a light pressure always exerted against each wheel 5 8 by one of the cover lifting springs I4. This pressure prevents inadvertent movement of the wheels l8 and limits movement of the wheels to that imparted to them by movement of the operating arm 23 so that with each actuation of the cover l2 the wheels will be moved to successive digit disclosing positions. The springs It also prevent retrograde movement of the wheels !8 for the reason that the spring ends bear against an edge of the projections on wheels 18. This is best shown in Fig. 6 which shows the spring end abutting against one of the projections so that the wheel [5 cannot move backward. Forward movement of the wheel in the direction indicated by the arrow will slightly and resiliently raise the lower arm of the spring and, when the movement of the wheel is completed, the spring I4 will again drop into an adja cent groove. This assures each wheel is being moved accurately to its successive indexed position to properly align the numerals on each wheel. In addition to applying light frictional pressure against the wheels I 8 during movement of the wheels and preventing retrograde movement of the wheels by the ends of the springs abutting against a side surface of a projection between the notches 24, the wheels are always aligned properly relative to their viewing apertures.

Housed in each wheel 18 within an annular recess on one side is a spring 48, an intermediate helical portion of which fits around a pin 42 preferably formed as an integral portion of the wheel. The longer and arcuate end of each spring lk] fits within and adjacent the rim portion of the wheel and applies pressure to urge the opposite shorter end which forms the resilient resetting pawl toward the central portion of the wheel. A portion of one side of the hub portion of each wheel :8 is cut away as shown at 45, so that the spring ends i l forming the resetting pawls ride directly on the supporting hollow shaft 22 for the wheels is and exert a light pressure against the shaft. Inward movement of the spring ends 44 is limited by this cut away portion d5 of the wheel hub so that the end can move radially inward to abut against a side of the slot or openings in the shaft 22 but, due to the form of the cut away portion, cannot enter the tubular opening through the shaft which would interfere with the assembling of the device and with resetting the wheels It to zero position. An alternate form of resilient resetting pawl presently to be described is shown in Fig. 12.

The central supporting shaft 22 is rotatably mounted within opposite side walls of the casing it and is employed, in addition to rotatably supporting the wheels I 8 on a single axis, to reset the, digit wheels is to their zero positions by manual rotation thereof. For this purpose the shaft 22 may be provided at spaced positions with openings 4%, as seen in Fig. 2 or with an elongated slot as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4. These openings 45, if the shaft 22 is not slotted, are so positioned that each is in alignment with one of the springs within the wheels 18 so that an end 44 of each of the springs 40 may enter an opening 45 or enter the elongated slot when the shaft 22 is rotated to bring the slot or openings below the spring ends it. During the counting operation the springs 48 ride over the openings or slot 46 with rotation of the wheels i8 in the direction shown so that there is no interference with the step by step operation of the wheels [8. By rotation of the supporting shaft 22 manually by its extended end or by means inserted within its central opening in the direction indicated by the arrow the individual spring ends a l abut against an end surface of an opening or the slot 45 and continued rotation of the shaft 22 then rotates the wheels l3. Alternate forms of hollow resetting shafts presently to be described are shown in Figs. 13, 14. and 17.

Continued rotation of the shaft 22 will pick up and rotate the different wheels [8 until all are being rotated with the shaft. As the openings or slot 45 in the shaft 22 are longitudinally disposed and the numerals on the digit wheels are in identical relation to the pins 42 and the spring ends 44, the rotation of the shaft 22 may be stopped with all wheels l8 having their zeros directly below the apertures it in the cover 12 or below the elongated viewing opening H.

Fig. 13 shows an alternate form of wheel supporting shaft 23 in which the shaft is slitted in the portion over which the wheels !8 operate and one edge of the slit 25 is bent slightly inwardly to form an elongated abutment against which the spring end i-l engages during the resetting of the wheels is. Also the inwardly bent portion 25 of this hollow shaft 23 forms a ledge against which the spring end 44 may rest. With the shaft 23 slitted as shown the spring end 44 is prevented from moving radially inward to interfere with the assembly of the parts, or with the inserting of a resetting tool within the shaft.

Fig. 17 shows another modified form of hollow reset shaft in that the tube is slitted longitudinally and one edge 53 bent inwardly at right angles to form an abutment against which the end of spring pawl engages during the resetting operation. To effect the resetting of the wheels I 8 a tool In of circular cross-section may be inserted within the tube 65. Extending longitudinally of the tool it is an elongated slot within which the bent edge (58 of tube 56 may enter.

To retain the shaft 22 in assembled position one means may comprise a wire staple 48 as shown in Fig. 9, positioned transversely through the shaft 22, there being apertures formed therein for that purpose. These apertures are located so that the staple will be disposed between one of the digit wheels l8 and a spacer collar 21 located adjacent the inner surface of the cas ing It.

By means of the staple a non-circular section of the opening within the hollow shaft is formed into which a square or other form of tool 52 may be inserted to rotate the shaft for resetting the 7 wheels l8 to their zero positions. If desired, however, the end of shaft 22 may be extended as shown in Fig. 2 so that the shaft may be rotated manually by grasping its knurled end.

As an alternate manner of retaining the parts assembled on the shaft 22 and for retaining the shaft in position within the casing i5 transverse opposed slots 55 may be milled in the shaft 22 and a slotted washer 555 snapped in position on the shaft. This washer will be positioned in the same longitudinal position on the shaft 22 as the staple 43 so that the washer will lie between one of the wheels [8 and a spacer 2|- A third method of retaining the parts on the resetting shaft 22 is to indent opposite portions as shown in section in Fig. 14, these dented portions 21 being located longitudinally similarly to the slots 54.. Preferably the indented portions 21 are used in the form of resetting shaft shown at23 in Fig. 13 as the slitting of the shaft and its indenting may be done in a single operation. This is advantageous for the reason that the angular relationship between the slitted and indented parts will always be the same. With any group of counters used in an aligned series,

a resetting tool such as a bar 52 may therefore similar to shaft ii and tube 55 within the cover.

One end of spring or springs bears against the inner surface of the rear wall of the casing it). The other end bears against the inner surface of the cover 52. For resiliently bearing against the peripheries of the digit wheels 58 are provided se arate and inde endent sprin s E52 having their intermediate helical portions wrapped about a transverse shaft within the casing Ill and parallel to the axis of the wheels l8. One end of each of these springs 52 bears against the periphery of a digit wheel is, the opposite ends bearing against the rear wall of the casing in.

Fig. 16 shows another form of spring generally similar to spring M, one end of which engages the under surface of the cover 52 and its mid-portion surrounds the shaft H and tube H5. The opposite end of this spring 5%, as shown in this figure, rides over the projections formed on the notched digit wheels !8. With the spring end 64 in contact with adjacent projections the digit wheel will be retained against accident rotation and in its proper rotative position relative to the viewing apertures for its digits.

In Fig. 12 is shown a modified form of reset spring pawl housed within each digit wheel 58. These springs 58 have intermediate portions fitting over the lugs 32 and have long arcuate portions bearing at their ends against the inner surface of the periphery of the wheels I8 simil arly to the springs 58'. The pawl end .32 of the springs 66', however, is difierent and extends about the hub portion of the wheel 18 in the op- ;posite direction than pawl spring 44. At its end the pawl 52 has a hook portion which engages over the end of the slot or one of the apertures in the reset shaft 22. During normal operation the hook end 82, with step by step rotative movement of the wheel i8, rides over the aperture or slot in the reset shaft 22 but, with rotation of Cir 8 the reset shaft, the hook end 62 drops into the-- slot or-aperture and rotates the wheel. Is to itszero position.

I claim:

1. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted co-axially within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted relative to the casing, resilient means normally holding the cover in one limited position, and a lever pivotally attached to the cover and actuated by movement of the cover to individually rotate said digit wheels, said cover having apertures through which digits on said wheels may be viewed.

2. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted co-axially within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted relative to the casing, resilient means normally holding the cover in one limited position, a lever pivotally attached to the cover and actuated by movement of the cover to individually rotate said digit wheels, said cover having apertures through which digits on said wheels may be viewed, and means to limit the pivotal movements of said cover.

3. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted co-axially within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted relative to the casing, a lever pivotally attached to the cover andactuated by movement of the cover torotate said digit wheels, resilient means normally holding the cover in one limited position, said cover having apertures through which digits on said wheels may be viewed, and down turned flanges on said cover limiting, pivotal movements of said cover.

i. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted co-axially within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted relative to the casing on an axis parallel to the axis of said wheels, means actuated by movement of the cover to rotate said digit wheels, down turned flanges on said cover limiting downward movement of said cover, and a flange at the rear of said cover limiting upward movement of the cover.

5. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted on a transverse shaft within said casing, an arm pivotally mounted on said cover having projections adjacent its free end adapted to engage and step by step advance said wheels when said cover is actuated, springs surrounding said shaft, one of the ends of each of said springs bearing against the inside surface of said cover, and the opposite ends thereof bearing individually against the periphery of the several wheels.

6. A counter having a phuality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted on a transverse shaft within said casing, an arm pivotally mounted on said cover having projections adjacent its free end adapted to engage and step by step advance said wheels when said cover is actuated, a sleeve surrounding said transverse shaft, springs surrounding said sleeve, one of the ends of each of said springs bearing against the inside surface of said cover, and the opposite ends thereof bearing individually against the periphery of the several wheels.

7. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted within said casing, down turned flanges on opposite sides of said cover, an arm pivotall mounted on said cover having projections adjacent its free end adapted to engage and step by step advance said wheels when said cover is actuated, a sleeve extending between said flanges and. having its ends secured therein, springs surrounding said sleeve, one of the ends of each of said springs bearing against the inside surface of said cover, and the opposite ends thereof bearing individually against the periphery of the several wheels, and a shaft extending through said sleeve having its ends secured to said casing.

8. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing, a cover pivotally mounted within said casing, an arm pivotally mounted on said cover having projections adjacent its free end adapted to engage and step by step advance said wheels when said cover is ctuated, a sleeve secured within said cover, springs surrounding said sleeve, one of the ends of each of said springs bearing against the inside surface of said cover, and the opposite ends thereof bearing individually against the periphery of the several wheels, and a shaft having its ends secured to said casing extending freely within said sleeve.

9. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing on a common axis, a cover pivotally mounted on said casing, means to advance said digit wheels by operation of said cover, springs interposed between said cover and wheels one end of each spring engaging against said cover, whereby said cover is resiliently retained in one position by said springs, and the opposite ends of said springs individually engage the periphery of said wheels.

10. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing on a common axis, a cover pivotally mounted on said casing, said digit wheels having spaced notches in their peripheries, means to advance said digit wheels by operation of said cover, springs interposed between said cover and wheels, one end of each of said springs engaging against said cover and the opposite ends of individual springs lying in the notch of one of said wheels whereby said cover is resiliently retained in one position by said springs, and said springs individually engage the periphery of said wheels.

11. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within a casing on a common axis, a cover pivotally mounted on said casing, said digit wheels having spaced notches in their peripheries, means to advance said digit wheels by operation of said cover, helical springs interposed between said cover and wheels, one end of each spring engaging against said cover and the opposite end of each spring lying within a notch in said wheels whereby said cover is resiliently retained in one position by said springs, and said springs individually, frictionally and resiliently engage against the periphery of said wheels.

12. A counter having a casing, a plurality of digit wheels having spaced notches in their peripheries rotatably mounted within said casing on a common axis, a cover pivotally mounted on said casing, a transverse shaft within said casing forming said pivotal support, a sleeve surrounding said shaft, means to advance said digit wheels by operation of said cover, helical springs surrounding said sleeve and interposed between and having their opposite ends respectively engaging said cover and wheels, whereby said cover is resiliently retained in one position by said springs, and said springs individually engage the notched periphery of said wheels.

13. A counter having a casing, a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted within said casing, a cover pivotally mounted on said casing, a lever pivotally mounted on said cover and movable to actuate said digit wheels by pivotal movement of said cover, a spring normally retaining said cover in one position, and springs mounted within said casing said springs normally pressing individually against the periphery of a digit wheel at one end and against an inner wall of said casing at their opposite ends.

14. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels mounted within a casing on a common axis, a cover pivotally connected to said casing, means attached to said cover to advance said digit wheels individually step by step, individual springs resilientl engaging said wheels, said cover being engaged by said springs and serving to actuate said wheels when moved in a direction to increase the pressure of said springs, whereby when said cover is actuated the pressure of said springs against said wheels is increased.

15. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels mounted within a casing on a common axis, a pivotally mounted cover for said casing, a lever pivotally connected to said cover and movable with said cover to individually advance said digit wheels step by step, and spring means frictionally limiting the forward step by step movement and positively preventing retrograde movement of said wheels.

16. A counter having a plurality of digit wheels mounted within a casing on a common axis, a pivotally mounted cover for said casing, a lever pivotally connected to said cover and movable with said cover to individually advance said digit wheels step by step, and resilient means individually engaging the peripheries of said wheels and frictionally limiting the forward step by step movement thereof and positively preventing retrograde movement of said wheels.

17. A counter having a casing, a plurality of digit wheels rotatably mounted co-axially therein, a pivotally mounted lever engaging said wheels whereby actuation of said lever will rotate said wheels step by step, said lever comprising a fiat member having projections along its free edge individually engaging said wheels, said projections being bent to successively greater angles and projections formed at the pivotal end of said lever bent at right angles to said lever and forming a pivotal mounting for said lever.

ANTON VAN VEEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 42,274 Clapp Apr. 12, 1864 80,372 Taylor July 28, 1868 206,480 Phipps July 30, 1878 430,334 Buehrig June 17, 1890 456,196 Locher July 21, 1891 526,885 Wolfe Oct. 2, 1894 628,229 OConnor July 4, 1899 869,150 Warren Oct. 22, 1907 888,944 Vardeman May 26, 1908 928,019 Bartow July 13, 1909 1,071,664 Girson Aug. 26, 1913 1,841,951 Hopper Jan. 19, 1932 1,956,152 Kempf Apr. 24, 1934 2,173,773 Aamot et al Sept. 19, 1939 2,238,920 Studley Apr. 22, 1941 2,259,159 Gilbert Oct. 14, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTSv Number Country Date 35,233 Germany Apr. 16, 1886

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