US2571670A - Method of producing photographic contrasts - Google Patents

Method of producing photographic contrasts Download PDF

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Publication number
US2571670A
US2571670A US723426A US72342647A US2571670A US 2571670 A US2571670 A US 2571670A US 723426 A US723426 A US 723426A US 72342647 A US72342647 A US 72342647A US 2571670 A US2571670 A US 2571670A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
moisture content
value
given
intensity
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US723426A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bos Julius Goeman
Dippel Cornelis Johannes
Houtman Harke Jan
Keuning Klaas Jannes
Wijtzes Sjoerd
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication of US2571670A publication Critical patent/US2571670A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/52—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances
    • G03C1/62—Metal compounds reducible to metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D17/00—Parachutes
    • B64D17/40—Packs
    • B64D17/52—Opening, e.g. manual

Definitions

  • the gamma value may depend upon the moisture content o'f the material at the moment of exposure.
  • exclusive rights have been claimed for a method of controlling the gradation of avphotographic contrast, in which this phenomenon is utilized.
  • the gamma value of the contrast may also'vary according as the intensity and'duration of the eX- posure vary, notably if the material has an increased moisture content.
  • the gradation of a material having a gamma value dependent upon the moisture content is confv trolled by varying the intensity and duration of the exposure, particularly with an increased moisture content of the material.
  • the intensity of exposure is to be understood to mean the flux per cm.2 of the photo-chemically active light falling on ,the sensitized material.
  • that intensity and duration should be compared which, under the conditions used in regard to blackening and so on. yield the samerblackening, for instance a blackening exceeding the fog-byr0.05.
  • A-material having va gamma value dependent upon the moisturecontent is to be understood to mean a material with which a variation ofthe moisture content, under otherwise the same con# ditions, is capable of bringing about at least'a variation of the ratio 1: 1.2 in the'gradient of that part of the characteristic blackening curve having blackenings of from 0.4 to 1.5. For comparison tests this gradient should naturally be measured at the same blackenings.
  • the method according to the invention permits of being very effectively combined with the afore-ln said method consisting in varying the moisture content of the material at, the moment ofyex ⁇ posure.
  • Photographic ma- .terial of the aforesaid kind which consists ot a. transparent. suppone for example regenerated cellulose treatedl with ⁇ a ⁇ sensitized diazonium comand' a mercurous salt, and is physically developed, afterthe: exposure, permits of manufacturing, for examp1e soundlmcopies having an imageof low gamma, value and a sound record of highv gamma value.
  • the image band and the, sound record are copied, at a dverent exposure intensity and duration.
  • the development of the exposed copy is ⁇ preferably effected in one; operation; in spite' thereof, di-flierent,gradations are obtained for the image part and the sound part. oi'.A the copy. Copies thus obtained. are cheap and of excellent quality.
  • a lm in which a lm is provided with contrasts; loca-ted side by side and having ditlerent. gradations thel nlm isA preferably passed mono! continuous operation in. front'y of the exposure appa-ratusfor copying. image, and soundV the desired: exposure time being determined by a judicious; choice of the distance-the moving lm is exposed totheactiom ofthe copying light andthe desired, intensity-'being obtained, for example, by a suitable choice. of the intensity anddistance ol the' source of: light.
  • Elmthermore theinvention. o n copying' a pic.- torial llnl permitsof obtaining d-iierent; gradations for succeeding seriesV of images.
  • the gradationdesired for each scene may be obtained by providing for suitable exposure conditions von copying.. This is of particular importance.- for the manufacture of copies of filmreports, such as nlm, news-reels.
  • the exposure cond-itions: may automatically be.. adjustedto thev best values2 by provid-ingv the: -lm. striptoY be copied witha control track which controls, for example by photoelectric means, the intensity and duratonof tneexposure.
  • a very important factor is the moisture content of the support. As stated thinzsare even such that in, the case ot a constant exposure intensity a variation of the moisture content permits the gamma to be controlled. Consequently, for the obtainment of reproducible results, a reproducible adjustment of the moisture content is of much importance.
  • a very reliable control of the moisture content is ensured by bringing the material in equilibrium with an atmosphere of suitable relative humidity, which may be effected byl leaving the material for a suiiiciently long time,A alm bandi of regenerated cellulose for example for 24. hours in such an atmosphere.
  • the material should be in a state of equilibrium with respect 'tor moisture content. It is suiilcient that the moisture content has the value required in regard to the desired gradation, in the zone. of the? material where the photo-chemical conversion takes piace. This permits al much quicker adjustment offthe moisture content than in the case of waitingtor the. state of equilibrium. llt. ⁇ for. example, an in.- creased moisture content is desired, the.- moisture content of the photo-chemicallyactive part of the material. is, adapted tobe adjusted to the desired. value ina very short time by treating the sensitized. material with water and by ⁇ drying it slightly or conversely by introducing dry material into a moist atmosphere., Itis to.
  • the moisture content. of the material at the moment of exposure is vital. Ithas beentound.- that in this manner a. reliable and. reproducible con.- trol, of the gamma. value isv readily possible.
  • the gammav value. obtained does not depend upon variations of themoisture eontentafter exposure.
  • the material which contains theflight-sensi.- tive compound is capable ot absorbing moisture. Excellent results are obtained by means. of regenerated cellulose.
  • The. support1 as. a whole is not required to be capable. of absorbing moistmte, it. being suiiicient that the part of thev support containing the photo-chemically active compound is capableof absorbing water.
  • Very suitable is, for example, a superiicially saponied cellulose, acetate or a support sensitive or not sensitive to moistureY which carries. a Water-absorbing layer, for example, gelatine. or another albumin or albuminous product containing. the light sensitive compound.
  • vAs an. alternative, vuse may be made of a material entirely or partly consist.- ing of ⁇ polycondensation products,..such as. poly- Y amides..
  • a carrier comprising a transparent metol (sulphate salt of p-methyl-aminolihenfil), cellulosic and a moisture absorbent albuminous '4% tartaric acid and 0.4% Silver nitrate,jtl1e 15 base thereover,
  • the lsteps coin- The characteristic curves were derivedV from Y prisiiig varying the moisture content of one poi(- the contrasts obtained, whereupon the grada- 2'0 tion of said carrier to an extent at which the retOnS 0f the Contrast/S @Ould'be detel'lnlned'r'.' I'i1e ls'ultant vmoisture content of said portion hasv a ngladatiOnS Obtained linde? dieient Condit/iene 0f value which corresponds to a state of equilibrium :exposure are stated in the table.” 4 y between.
  • said portionl and anatmosphere having The first and second column indicate the; time al relative humidity of about 40 to 96%, varying o f exposure and the Adistance of the exposure 25 the moisture content of a second portion'ofthe ,lamp from the SenSitiZed material, the following carrier to an extentat which the resultant mois# Columns Stating, under the headings 40; 75,Y A90 ture content of said second portion has a value and 96% R. H. (the ⁇ relative humidities R. H.
  • the table states the gradientof the andA anatmosphere having a relative humidity characteristic curve atablackening I. r f of about 40 to 96%, exposingthe first portion l..
  • GOEMAN BOS CORNELIS JOHANNES DIPPEL.
  • HARKE JAN HOUTMAN KLAAS JANNES KEUNING.
  • SJOERD WIJTZES SJOERD WIJTZES.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US723426A 1946-01-21 1947-01-21 Method of producing photographic contrasts Expired - Lifetime US2571670A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL272285X 1946-01-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2571670A true US2571670A (en) 1951-10-16

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ID=19781980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US723426A Expired - Lifetime US2571670A (en) 1946-01-21 1947-01-21 Method of producing photographic contrasts

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2571670A (de)
CH (1) CH272285A (de)
DE (1) DE832543C (de)
FR (1) FR941092A (de)
GB (1) GB678912A (de)
NL (1) NL70689C (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733144A (en) * 1951-03-28 1956-01-31 Method of producing photographic
US2764484A (en) * 1950-10-03 1956-09-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of forming photographic images by physical developing

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US466534A (en) * 1892-01-05 Island
US1067690A (en) * 1912-08-01 1913-07-15 Kay M Stewart Pump.
US1396770A (en) * 1919-06-14 1921-11-15 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making photographic records
US1710455A (en) * 1926-07-09 1929-04-23 Langguth Werner Process for producing photographs in natural colors
DE480352C (de) * 1927-01-26 1929-08-08 Ervin Burg Dr Verfahren zur Beschleunigung der mittels Gase oder Daempfe bewirkten Entwicklungsprozesse von photographischen und Lichtpauspapieren
US1861918A (en) * 1928-01-30 1932-06-07 Eastman Kodak Co Process of conditioning photographic films
GB377145A (en) * 1931-04-02 1932-07-21 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag An improvement in producing sound and picture records
FR735718A (fr) * 1931-07-21 1932-11-14 Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates
US1966755A (en) * 1931-11-09 1934-07-17 Kalle & Co Ag Process of preparing diazo-types
US1997507A (en) * 1932-03-09 1935-04-09 Vladimir C Akintievsky Process of photo-printing
US2106868A (en) * 1933-12-27 1938-02-01 Philips Nv Method of obtaining photographic contrasts
US2183447A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-12-12 Philips Nv Light-sensitive material and method of making the same
FR853868A (fr) * 1938-11-19 1940-03-30 Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques
US2196110A (en) * 1937-06-14 1940-04-02 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of producing sound films
US2252006A (en) * 1938-01-08 1941-08-12 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Sound-picture film and method of printing the same
US2256356A (en) * 1937-05-27 1941-09-16 Eastman Kodak Co Process of treating sensitive photographic film
US2269161A (en) * 1942-01-06 morse

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2269161A (en) * 1942-01-06 morse
US466534A (en) * 1892-01-05 Island
US1067690A (en) * 1912-08-01 1913-07-15 Kay M Stewart Pump.
US1396770A (en) * 1919-06-14 1921-11-15 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making photographic records
US1710455A (en) * 1926-07-09 1929-04-23 Langguth Werner Process for producing photographs in natural colors
DE480352C (de) * 1927-01-26 1929-08-08 Ervin Burg Dr Verfahren zur Beschleunigung der mittels Gase oder Daempfe bewirkten Entwicklungsprozesse von photographischen und Lichtpauspapieren
US1861918A (en) * 1928-01-30 1932-06-07 Eastman Kodak Co Process of conditioning photographic films
GB377145A (en) * 1931-04-02 1932-07-21 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag An improvement in producing sound and picture records
FR735718A (fr) * 1931-07-21 1932-11-14 Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates
US1966755A (en) * 1931-11-09 1934-07-17 Kalle & Co Ag Process of preparing diazo-types
US1997507A (en) * 1932-03-09 1935-04-09 Vladimir C Akintievsky Process of photo-printing
US2106868A (en) * 1933-12-27 1938-02-01 Philips Nv Method of obtaining photographic contrasts
US2256356A (en) * 1937-05-27 1941-09-16 Eastman Kodak Co Process of treating sensitive photographic film
US2196110A (en) * 1937-06-14 1940-04-02 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of producing sound films
US2183447A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-12-12 Philips Nv Light-sensitive material and method of making the same
US2252006A (en) * 1938-01-08 1941-08-12 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Sound-picture film and method of printing the same
FR853868A (fr) * 1938-11-19 1940-03-30 Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2764484A (en) * 1950-10-03 1956-09-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of forming photographic images by physical developing
US2733144A (en) * 1951-03-28 1956-01-31 Method of producing photographic

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB678912A (en) 1952-09-10
NL70689C (de)
FR941092A (fr) 1948-12-31
CH272285A (de) 1950-12-15
DE832543C (de) 1952-02-25

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