US2571670A - Method of producing photographic contrasts - Google Patents
Method of producing photographic contrasts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2571670A US2571670A US723426A US72342647A US2571670A US 2571670 A US2571670 A US 2571670A US 723426 A US723426 A US 723426A US 72342647 A US72342647 A US 72342647A US 2571670 A US2571670 A US 2571670A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- moisture content
- value
- given
- intensity
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100379079 Emericella variicolor andA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150118507 WASL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/52—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances
- G03C1/62—Metal compounds reducible to metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D17/00—Parachutes
- B64D17/40—Packs
- B64D17/52—Opening, e.g. manual
Definitions
- the gamma value may depend upon the moisture content o'f the material at the moment of exposure.
- exclusive rights have been claimed for a method of controlling the gradation of avphotographic contrast, in which this phenomenon is utilized.
- the gamma value of the contrast may also'vary according as the intensity and'duration of the eX- posure vary, notably if the material has an increased moisture content.
- the gradation of a material having a gamma value dependent upon the moisture content is confv trolled by varying the intensity and duration of the exposure, particularly with an increased moisture content of the material.
- the intensity of exposure is to be understood to mean the flux per cm.2 of the photo-chemically active light falling on ,the sensitized material.
- that intensity and duration should be compared which, under the conditions used in regard to blackening and so on. yield the samerblackening, for instance a blackening exceeding the fog-byr0.05.
- A-material having va gamma value dependent upon the moisturecontent is to be understood to mean a material with which a variation ofthe moisture content, under otherwise the same con# ditions, is capable of bringing about at least'a variation of the ratio 1: 1.2 in the'gradient of that part of the characteristic blackening curve having blackenings of from 0.4 to 1.5. For comparison tests this gradient should naturally be measured at the same blackenings.
- the method according to the invention permits of being very effectively combined with the afore-ln said method consisting in varying the moisture content of the material at, the moment ofyex ⁇ posure.
- Photographic ma- .terial of the aforesaid kind which consists ot a. transparent. suppone for example regenerated cellulose treatedl with ⁇ a ⁇ sensitized diazonium comand' a mercurous salt, and is physically developed, afterthe: exposure, permits of manufacturing, for examp1e soundlmcopies having an imageof low gamma, value and a sound record of highv gamma value.
- the image band and the, sound record are copied, at a dverent exposure intensity and duration.
- the development of the exposed copy is ⁇ preferably effected in one; operation; in spite' thereof, di-flierent,gradations are obtained for the image part and the sound part. oi'.A the copy. Copies thus obtained. are cheap and of excellent quality.
- a lm in which a lm is provided with contrasts; loca-ted side by side and having ditlerent. gradations thel nlm isA preferably passed mono! continuous operation in. front'y of the exposure appa-ratusfor copying. image, and soundV the desired: exposure time being determined by a judicious; choice of the distance-the moving lm is exposed totheactiom ofthe copying light andthe desired, intensity-'being obtained, for example, by a suitable choice. of the intensity anddistance ol the' source of: light.
- Elmthermore theinvention. o n copying' a pic.- torial llnl permitsof obtaining d-iierent; gradations for succeeding seriesV of images.
- the gradationdesired for each scene may be obtained by providing for suitable exposure conditions von copying.. This is of particular importance.- for the manufacture of copies of filmreports, such as nlm, news-reels.
- the exposure cond-itions: may automatically be.. adjustedto thev best values2 by provid-ingv the: -lm. striptoY be copied witha control track which controls, for example by photoelectric means, the intensity and duratonof tneexposure.
- a very important factor is the moisture content of the support. As stated thinzsare even such that in, the case ot a constant exposure intensity a variation of the moisture content permits the gamma to be controlled. Consequently, for the obtainment of reproducible results, a reproducible adjustment of the moisture content is of much importance.
- a very reliable control of the moisture content is ensured by bringing the material in equilibrium with an atmosphere of suitable relative humidity, which may be effected byl leaving the material for a suiiiciently long time,A alm bandi of regenerated cellulose for example for 24. hours in such an atmosphere.
- the material should be in a state of equilibrium with respect 'tor moisture content. It is suiilcient that the moisture content has the value required in regard to the desired gradation, in the zone. of the? material where the photo-chemical conversion takes piace. This permits al much quicker adjustment offthe moisture content than in the case of waitingtor the. state of equilibrium. llt. ⁇ for. example, an in.- creased moisture content is desired, the.- moisture content of the photo-chemicallyactive part of the material. is, adapted tobe adjusted to the desired. value ina very short time by treating the sensitized. material with water and by ⁇ drying it slightly or conversely by introducing dry material into a moist atmosphere., Itis to.
- the moisture content. of the material at the moment of exposure is vital. Ithas beentound.- that in this manner a. reliable and. reproducible con.- trol, of the gamma. value isv readily possible.
- the gammav value. obtained does not depend upon variations of themoisture eontentafter exposure.
- the material which contains theflight-sensi.- tive compound is capable ot absorbing moisture. Excellent results are obtained by means. of regenerated cellulose.
- The. support1 as. a whole is not required to be capable. of absorbing moistmte, it. being suiiicient that the part of thev support containing the photo-chemically active compound is capableof absorbing water.
- Very suitable is, for example, a superiicially saponied cellulose, acetate or a support sensitive or not sensitive to moistureY which carries. a Water-absorbing layer, for example, gelatine. or another albumin or albuminous product containing. the light sensitive compound.
- vAs an. alternative, vuse may be made of a material entirely or partly consist.- ing of ⁇ polycondensation products,..such as. poly- Y amides..
- a carrier comprising a transparent metol (sulphate salt of p-methyl-aminolihenfil), cellulosic and a moisture absorbent albuminous '4% tartaric acid and 0.4% Silver nitrate,jtl1e 15 base thereover,
- the lsteps coin- The characteristic curves were derivedV from Y prisiiig varying the moisture content of one poi(- the contrasts obtained, whereupon the grada- 2'0 tion of said carrier to an extent at which the retOnS 0f the Contrast/S @Ould'be detel'lnlned'r'.' I'i1e ls'ultant vmoisture content of said portion hasv a ngladatiOnS Obtained linde? dieient Condit/iene 0f value which corresponds to a state of equilibrium :exposure are stated in the table.” 4 y between.
- said portionl and anatmosphere having The first and second column indicate the; time al relative humidity of about 40 to 96%, varying o f exposure and the Adistance of the exposure 25 the moisture content of a second portion'ofthe ,lamp from the SenSitiZed material, the following carrier to an extentat which the resultant mois# Columns Stating, under the headings 40; 75,Y A90 ture content of said second portion has a value and 96% R. H. (the ⁇ relative humidities R. H.
- the table states the gradientof the andA anatmosphere having a relative humidity characteristic curve atablackening I. r f of about 40 to 96%, exposingthe first portion l..
- GOEMAN BOS CORNELIS JOHANNES DIPPEL.
- HARKE JAN HOUTMAN KLAAS JANNES KEUNING.
- SJOERD WIJTZES SJOERD WIJTZES.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL272285X | 1946-01-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2571670A true US2571670A (en) | 1951-10-16 |
Family
ID=19781980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US723426A Expired - Lifetime US2571670A (en) | 1946-01-21 | 1947-01-21 | Method of producing photographic contrasts |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2571670A (de) |
CH (1) | CH272285A (de) |
DE (1) | DE832543C (de) |
FR (1) | FR941092A (de) |
GB (1) | GB678912A (de) |
NL (1) | NL70689C (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733144A (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1956-01-31 | Method of producing photographic | |
US2764484A (en) * | 1950-10-03 | 1956-09-25 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of forming photographic images by physical developing |
Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US466534A (en) * | 1892-01-05 | Island | ||
US1067690A (en) * | 1912-08-01 | 1913-07-15 | Kay M Stewart | Pump. |
US1396770A (en) * | 1919-06-14 | 1921-11-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and apparatus for making photographic records |
US1710455A (en) * | 1926-07-09 | 1929-04-23 | Langguth Werner | Process for producing photographs in natural colors |
DE480352C (de) * | 1927-01-26 | 1929-08-08 | Ervin Burg Dr | Verfahren zur Beschleunigung der mittels Gase oder Daempfe bewirkten Entwicklungsprozesse von photographischen und Lichtpauspapieren |
US1861918A (en) * | 1928-01-30 | 1932-06-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of conditioning photographic films |
GB377145A (en) * | 1931-04-02 | 1932-07-21 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | An improvement in producing sound and picture records |
FR735718A (fr) * | 1931-07-21 | 1932-11-14 | Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates | |
US1966755A (en) * | 1931-11-09 | 1934-07-17 | Kalle & Co Ag | Process of preparing diazo-types |
US1997507A (en) * | 1932-03-09 | 1935-04-09 | Vladimir C Akintievsky | Process of photo-printing |
US2106868A (en) * | 1933-12-27 | 1938-02-01 | Philips Nv | Method of obtaining photographic contrasts |
US2183447A (en) * | 1937-08-09 | 1939-12-12 | Philips Nv | Light-sensitive material and method of making the same |
FR853868A (fr) * | 1938-11-19 | 1940-03-30 | Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques | |
US2196110A (en) * | 1937-06-14 | 1940-04-02 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process of producing sound films |
US2252006A (en) * | 1938-01-08 | 1941-08-12 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Sound-picture film and method of printing the same |
US2256356A (en) * | 1937-05-27 | 1941-09-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of treating sensitive photographic film |
US2269161A (en) * | 1942-01-06 | morse |
-
0
- NL NL70689D patent/NL70689C/xx active
-
1947
- 1947-01-17 GB GB1599/47A patent/GB678912A/en not_active Expired
- 1947-01-20 FR FR941092D patent/FR941092A/fr not_active Expired
- 1947-01-20 CH CH272285D patent/CH272285A/de unknown
- 1947-01-21 US US723426A patent/US2571670A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1948
- 1948-11-05 DE DEP20766A patent/DE832543C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2269161A (en) * | 1942-01-06 | morse | ||
US466534A (en) * | 1892-01-05 | Island | ||
US1067690A (en) * | 1912-08-01 | 1913-07-15 | Kay M Stewart | Pump. |
US1396770A (en) * | 1919-06-14 | 1921-11-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and apparatus for making photographic records |
US1710455A (en) * | 1926-07-09 | 1929-04-23 | Langguth Werner | Process for producing photographs in natural colors |
DE480352C (de) * | 1927-01-26 | 1929-08-08 | Ervin Burg Dr | Verfahren zur Beschleunigung der mittels Gase oder Daempfe bewirkten Entwicklungsprozesse von photographischen und Lichtpauspapieren |
US1861918A (en) * | 1928-01-30 | 1932-06-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of conditioning photographic films |
GB377145A (en) * | 1931-04-02 | 1932-07-21 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | An improvement in producing sound and picture records |
FR735718A (fr) * | 1931-07-21 | 1932-11-14 | Procédé de préparation et de fixage de couches photographiques obtenues avec des dazosulfonates | |
US1966755A (en) * | 1931-11-09 | 1934-07-17 | Kalle & Co Ag | Process of preparing diazo-types |
US1997507A (en) * | 1932-03-09 | 1935-04-09 | Vladimir C Akintievsky | Process of photo-printing |
US2106868A (en) * | 1933-12-27 | 1938-02-01 | Philips Nv | Method of obtaining photographic contrasts |
US2256356A (en) * | 1937-05-27 | 1941-09-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of treating sensitive photographic film |
US2196110A (en) * | 1937-06-14 | 1940-04-02 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process of producing sound films |
US2183447A (en) * | 1937-08-09 | 1939-12-12 | Philips Nv | Light-sensitive material and method of making the same |
US2252006A (en) * | 1938-01-08 | 1941-08-12 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Sound-picture film and method of printing the same |
FR853868A (fr) * | 1938-11-19 | 1940-03-30 | Procédé permettant l'obtention de reproduction d'images au moyen de composés diazoïques |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2764484A (en) * | 1950-10-03 | 1956-09-25 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Method of forming photographic images by physical developing |
US2733144A (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1956-01-31 | Method of producing photographic |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB678912A (en) | 1952-09-10 |
NL70689C (de) | |
FR941092A (fr) | 1948-12-31 |
CH272285A (de) | 1950-12-15 |
DE832543C (de) | 1952-02-25 |
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