US2569909A - Nonrotary centrifugal separator - Google Patents

Nonrotary centrifugal separator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2569909A
US2569909A US71382A US7138249A US2569909A US 2569909 A US2569909 A US 2569909A US 71382 A US71382 A US 71382A US 7138249 A US7138249 A US 7138249A US 2569909 A US2569909 A US 2569909A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
tubular
passage
separator
exit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US71382A
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English (en)
Inventor
Umney Laurie Edward Richard
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Power Jets Research and Development Ltd
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Power Jets Research and Development Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B04C3/04—Multiple arrangement thereof

Definitions

  • This invention is for improvement in or relating to non-rotary centrifugal separators for operating on fluid media and in particular for separating foreign matter from air or gaseous media.
  • foreign matter is intended to include dust, dirt, and solid and liquid particles such as ice, snow and water particles.
  • a dust separator has been proposed in which the gaseous medium moves unidirectionally and in which the effect of centrifugal force is utilised to remove the heavier particles of dust and dirt from the medium by utilising a Venturi tube of which the passage is unobstructed, together with means for causing the dust-laden gas as it flows towards the throat of the Venturi tube, to whirl about the axis of the tube so that the dust and dirt is discharged lay centrifugal action through an opening provided in the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube.
  • a nonrotary centrifugal separator for operating on fluid media employs a passage of annular form through which the fluid is passed with a swirling motion to produce a centrifuging effect, means being provided at an appropriate point in the length of the passage for removing fluid at the periphery of the whirl together with any foreign matter centrifuged into that region.
  • the apparatus would include blading or other suitable means for introducing such I whirl.
  • the whirl may be a form of forced vortex.
  • the apparatus should be a self-contained unit capable of being combined with other similar units to form a battery, in which case each unit must produce its own whirl.
  • a practical form of unit may comprise in combination an open ended tubular member containing a streamlined core member, the two defining and forming between them a straight through annular passage, forthe passage of the fluid- .medium and the two shaped to form a smoothly accelerating entry portion, a stabilising midportion and a smoothly diffusing exit portion, a cascade of vanes arranged at the end of the entry portion to cause the accelerated entering fluid medium to whirl about the axis of the tube in a helical path and form a vortex in the stabilising portion where it stabilises itself, an annular opening at the end of the stabilising portion remote from the cascade of vanes for skimming off the outer and denser layer or layers of the whirling fluid medium together with any foreign matter contained therein and smoothly discharging it or them, and a cascade of vanes arranged downstream of the annular opening to straighten the flow of the remaining and cleaned fluid medium for smooth discharge from the diffusing exit portion substantially without breakaway of the flow from the end of the core
  • the annular opening of the separator for the skimming oii of the outer layer or layers of whirling fluid medium and the foreign matter contained therein may be defined by the fluid exit of the stabilising portion and the fluid inlet of the diffuser exit portion, the latter being of smaller diameter and projecting within.
  • a chamber may be arranged around the diffuser exit portion of the separator adjacent the annular opening to receive the denser layer or layers of the fluid medium and the foreign matter contained therein for discharge to a further sepa rator or to, waste.
  • the separator may be made conveniently in a. number of parts fitting together and a number of separators may be arranged to nest together in parallel as a battery of separators.
  • each separator may be or have parts of hexagonal form for compactly nesting together and the denser layer or layers of fluid medium and the foreign matter contained therein from each separator may pass through each annular opening to the interstices formed between the separators.
  • the interstices are linked together to form a 3 single chamber by an outer casing surrounding the battery.
  • the single chamber is provided with an exhaust duct for discharging the denser layer of the fluid medium and the foreign matter contained therein to waste or to a further separator or separators of any known and appropriate type for the removal of the foreign matter from the remaining fluid medium.
  • the separators may also be used for'anti-icing purposes in air entry ducts :for air consuming plant for example compressor'gaslturbine plant or they may be used for separating dustand dirt from flue gases.
  • the separator or separators in battery form may be arrangedin a surrounding casing which may bedivided'into three chambers, one chamber for receiving the supply of warming or cooling fluid and extending from the entry portion up to the foreign matter discharge portion, a second chamber extending from and including the foreign matter discharge portion and approximately two thirds'of. the diffuser portion, and a third chamber for the discharge of warming or cooling fluid extending'o'verthe remaining third of the difiuser portion and end supporting fins.
  • the whirl producing vanes in the entry portion of the separator and't-he supporting fins at the diffuser exit may be made hollow for the passage of warming or cooling fluid f-romthe first chamher through the core member whichmay be of hollow construction and out of the third chamher.
  • the whirl producing vaneswhen of hollow construction may be few in number and may extend over a considerable length of the' entry portion of the separators.
  • Figure 1' is a section'through a separator with a part section of itsco're member.
  • Figure 2 is an end view of a battery of separae tors.
  • Figure 3 is a section through a battery of separators arranged as an anti-icing device and having passage for flow of Warming fluid.
  • Figure 4 is an end view of the battery shown in Figure 3.
  • a separator for separating foreign matter from air or gas consists of an open ended tubular member I and a streamlined core member 2 containedwithin the tubular member, the two defining and forming between them an annular passage 3. through which the air or gas is passed.
  • the tubular member I and the core member 2 are shaped to form a smoothly accelerating entry portion 4, a stabilising portion 5 and a smoothly diffusing exit portion 6.
  • the smoothly accelerating entry portion 4 is formed between the sharply converging innerwall I of the tubular or gas to'whirl about the axis of the separator in member I and the streamlined bullet shaped nose 7 portion 8 of the core member 2 and the tWo defining a short convergent annular passage of sharply decreasing cross sectional area.
  • the stabilising portion is. formed between long walls 9 and II] of the tubular member and the core member respectively and the. two define a long a helical path and form a. vortex in the stabilising portion-5 W11??? it stabilises itself.
  • the vanes I3 may extend over a considerable length of the entry portion 4 and may be few in number, say five or six.
  • 'An annular opening I4 is formed between the junction of the stabilising portion and the' d'i'fius'ingexit portion-'6 for skimming off the outenlayr or'l ay'er's of the whirling air or gas and the foreignmatter contained therein.
  • the annular opening I4 is 'formed by the air or gas exit I5 of the stabilising'portionfi and the air and gas inlet I6-of the diffusing exit portion I5; the latter being of smaller diameter and projecting withinthe former which is shaped to form a divergent passage progressively increasing incross sectional area from a point of normal cross sectional area upstream orthe annular opening I4 to a point of maximum cross section area downstream of the annular openin I4 for the smooth discharge or the layer or layers of whirling air or gas containing foreign matter while the substantially clean air or gas nearer the axis ofthe separator'passes into the inlet I6 of the diffusing exit portionIi', the leading edge II of which is made substantially sharp.
  • a cascade of straightening vanes I8 is arranged to straighten up the whirling air or gas for dis; charge from the difiusing exit portion fi substantially without 'break-awayof the flow from the end I9 f h 'ni mb r n substant a ly without turbulence.
  • a number of separators may be arrangeoltow nest together in parallel as a. battery of "separa tors (see Figure 2) In h a t y eac separat r s madeQr co,.n. tacting parts aremadeothe xagonal term for compactly nestingtog ether A battery of seven Separators rea ises. q i yl nient uni see. Figure 2) The air or gas containing the foreign matter from the openings 14 of each separator dis charges into the interstices 20 formedbetween the diffusing exit-portionsof the separators and the interstices are linked together to form a single chamber by arrouter casin gJfZI surrounding the battery.
  • Thechamber is providedwith an exhaust-duct 22 for discharging the-air or" gas containing the foreign matter ither toatmosphere or to a further separator or'separators of known and appropriate type forthe removalof the foreignmatter from the remaining air or as.
  • r In operation .theair or gas containing the fo r eign matter enters the separ'ators' and-is" acceler 'ated in the accelerating entry portion.
  • the fast moving air or gas in passing through the cascade of vanes is caused to whirl about the axis of each separator in a helical path to form a vortex, not necessarily a free vortex in the stabilising portion of the separator where it stabilises itself.
  • the particles of foreign matter are centrifuged to the outside layer of the air or gas and are skimmed off with the air or gas layer by the substantially sharp leading edge of the diffusing exit portion and discharged through the divergent passage formed between the exit of the stabilisin portion and the inlet of the diffusing exit portion to a chamber for discharge to atmosphere or to a further separator of known and appropriate type.
  • the substantially clean air or gas passes on into the diifusing exit portion where it is straightened by the straightening cascade of vanes downstream of the annular opening and then discharged from the diffusing exit portion substantially without break-away from the end of the core member and substantially without turbulence.
  • the proportion of the foreign matter removed, that is the efficiency of the cleaning process is an implicit function of the geometrical design of the separator and of the operating mass flow of the separator.
  • a non-rotary centrifugal separator may be 43 inches long overall, the lengths of the various portions making up the whole separator, being inches for the accelerating entry portion including the cascade of vanes one inch in length for whirling the air, 18 inches for the stabilising portion and 20 inches for the diffusing exit portion.
  • the overlapping divergent discharge passage for the dusty air which is formed as a continuation of the stabilising portion may be 3.5 inches long, making the total length of the stabilising portion 21.5 inches.
  • the maximum diameter of the entry and exits may be6 inches and the inside diameter of the stabilising portion may be 5.25 inches.
  • the inside diameter of the air entry of the diffusing exit portion which projects into the stabilising portion where it commences to diverge may be 5 inches, the two forming between each other an annular orifice of approximately one eighth of an inch in width.
  • the core member is made slightly longer than the tubular member, the tail projecting slightly beyond the diffusing exit portion. It is made in three portions, a nose portion approximately 4 inches long, a central portion approximately 35 inches long, and a tail portion, approximately 3 inches long. The maximum diameter may be 3.5 inches and this diameter is maintained over the portion that is arranged within the stabilising portion of the separator.
  • the portion of the core member arranged within the diffusing exit portion tapers towards the tail end ii) to a minimum diameter of approximately 1 inch.
  • the core member 2 is supported centrally by the cascade of vanes at entry, the cascade of straightening vanes and by a number of fins 23 engaging its tail portion l9 and projecting from When a greater mass flow or clean airis re-i-- quired, a battery of small separators as described:
  • a battery of separators is shown arranged as a cleaning and anti-icing device for air flowing into an air duct of anair consuming plant; such for example, as an aircraft compresser gas turbine plant.
  • one chamber 21 for receiving a supply of warming fluid extends from the entry portion 4 to the foreign matter discharge or air or gas exit l5 at baiiie 24, a second chamber 20a extending from and including the foreign matter discharge or air or gas exit [5 at baiiie 24 and approximately two thirds of the diifuser portion exit 6 to a barier 25 and a third chamber 28 for the discharge of the warming fluid formed between the barier 25 and an end partition
  • core member 2 is made hollow and hollow whirlproducing vanes
  • the hollow whirl producing vanes are few in number say five or six and extend over a considerable length of the entry portion l of the separator.
  • the warming fluid inlet to the chamber 21 and exit from the chamber 28 are not shown.
  • the chamber 200. for the air containing the foreign matter is provided with an outlet 26. It may be necessary to provide a flow of warm fluid to mix with the air flowing from the chamber 20a to prevent icing up of the outlet 26.
  • a battery of separators for use in a flue for removing dust and dirt would be similar in construction to that shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • a cooling fluid say air or water, would be used to cool the separators, the fluid passing into chamber 21, through hollow vanes [3a, through hollow ore 2, through hollow fins 23a to chamber 28 to be discharged.
  • the separator in its application for anti-icing purposes to air intakes the separator operates on the basis of removing moisture particles from the incoming air flow and inthat way of eliminating the possibility of ice formation at points further downstream in the flow.
  • the application of the invention for anti-icing purposes thus has particular merit in relation to intakes for aircraft power plant, and especially compressor-turbine plant employing an axial flow compressor, in which case the most difficult problem in icing conditions is that of avoiding ice formation on the compressor blading.
  • the use of the separator has the merit that it involves negligible heating of the entering air, thus minimising loss of compressor efficiency from that cause, since the passage walls require only to be maintained just above freezing point.
  • the use of the invention involves only a small power loss in providing for heating the walls, which may be easily effected by bleeding off hot gases from an appropriate point in the turbine system, for example its exhaust.
  • -A nonrotary centrifugal separator for eperating'jon a 'fiuid medium "containing foreign matter therein comprising a tubular core member having a bulletshaped nose wall, a tubular mid- Wall and 'a truncated conical tailwall defining together a streamlined body having abavity, a pair of "open ended tubular members'arr'a'nged around said ccr'e member in "axial alignment with each other and defining with the"coremember an nul ar passage for the fluid medium, one of said tubular members being an entry and stabilizing member having a convergent entry wall 'co-'ex tensive with said bullet shaped nose wallfand a tubular stabilizing wall co aextensive with said tubular.
  • annular passage a cascade ring "of radially arranged whirl producing vanes extending ac'i'os'sfsaid annular passage adjacent the junction ofsaid bullet shaped nose wall and said tubular .midwall and the juncton of said con vergeiit lentry wall and said tubular stabilizing wall to-space said core ine'mb'e'r and said one tubular member apartiandto impart a whirl to said fluid medium "on its 'way "through'said annular.
  • a nonrotary centrifugal separatdr for operating. on 'a fluid 'mediumwo'ntaining foreign matter therein comprising a tubular co're memher having a bulle't shaped nose wall, a tubular midwall far-1d a truncated conical tail Wall "definin'g togethera streamlined body having a cavity, a pair of open ended tubular members arranged around said coi'e'me'm'ber in axial alignment with each other and defining with the core member arr/annularvpassage'for'the fluid medium, one of said tubular imembers being an entry and stabilizing :rnember halving aco'nvergerit entry wall eo extensive with said bullet shaped nose -wall and "a tubular stabilizing wall co-extensive with said tubular mid'wall and a divergent tail wall and'the other of said tubular members being "a diiiu's'ing' :exit member having a divergent exit wall
  • a nonrotary centrifugal separator for operating on a fluid medium containing foreign matter therein comprising a streamlined cor-e member having a bullet shaped nose member, a truncated conical tail member and a tubular wall member extending between said nose member and said tail member having over half the length of said core member a cylindrical shape conforming to the maximum diameter of said nose member and over the remainder of the length of the core member a conoidal shape conforming at one end to a diameter equal to the diameter of said nose member and at the other end to the maximum diameter of said conical tail member, a pair of open ended tubular members arranged around said core member in axial alignment with each other and defining with the core member an annular passage for the fluid medium, one of said tubular members being an entry and stabilizing member having a convergent entry wall co-extensive with said bullet shaped nose member and a tubular stabilizing wall co-extensive with said core wall of cylindrical shape and a divergent tail wall and the other of said tubular members being a diff

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
US71382A 1948-01-26 1949-01-17 Nonrotary centrifugal separator Expired - Lifetime US2569909A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB273381X 1948-01-26

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US (1) US2569909A (fr)
BE (1) BE486957A (fr)
CH (1) CH273381A (fr)
FR (1) FR979366A (fr)
GB (1) GB640070A (fr)
NL (1) NL144512C (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2712859A (en) * 1952-04-30 1955-07-12 Research Corp Centrifugal gas cleaning device
US2921646A (en) * 1957-01-31 1960-01-19 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Moisture separator
US3329130A (en) * 1965-07-30 1967-07-04 Gen Electric Pressure recovery axial flow vapor-liquid separator
US3360908A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-01-02 Gen Electric Nested vortex separator
US3407575A (en) * 1967-12-08 1968-10-29 Krizman John Through-flow spark arrester
US3413776A (en) * 1967-01-18 1968-12-03 F F Vee Equipment Co Inc Cyclone separator
US3448563A (en) * 1966-09-19 1969-06-10 North American Rockwell Cyclone separator having substantially centrally located openings for lowering the pressure drop across the cyclone
US3481118A (en) * 1968-04-22 1969-12-02 Porta Test Mfg Cyclone separator
US3590560A (en) * 1969-07-28 1971-07-06 David B Pall Tubular vortex air cleaner
US3693329A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-09-26 Porta Test Mfg Hub assembly for in-line centrifugal separator
US4860547A (en) * 1985-11-12 1989-08-29 S.A. Separgaz Process and apparatus for extracting liquids from aggregates and from gas/vapor mixtures
US4886523A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-12-12 Maldague Pierre E Process and apparatus for aerodynamic separation of components of a gaseous stream
EP1974790A1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-01 Twister B.V. Séparateur de fluide de cyclone
US20090314161A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 The Boeing Company Cyclone Separator
US9121319B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2015-09-01 Universal Acoustic & Emission Technologies Low pressure drop, high efficiency spark or particulate arresting devices and methods of use
US11071929B2 (en) 2018-06-19 2021-07-27 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Gas-water separation system and methods
US11674396B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-06-13 General Electric Company Cooling air delivery assembly

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE954992C (de) * 1950-08-19 1956-12-27 Siemens Ag Saugzuggeblaese
NL97620C (fr) * 1955-04-25

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT31091B (de) * 1905-05-30 1907-12-27 Emil Richter Vorwärmer, Kondensator oder Entöler.
US1875341A (en) * 1932-09-06 Fornia
US2115326A (en) * 1936-12-02 1938-04-26 Bowen William Spencer Dust collector
US2192214A (en) * 1936-08-11 1940-03-05 Horace M Weir Cracking process and apparatus
US2201301A (en) * 1937-03-30 1940-05-21 Western Precipitation Corp Centrifugal separating device
US2370629A (en) * 1943-06-02 1945-03-06 William R Appeldoorn Dust precipitator
US2506298A (en) * 1947-08-09 1950-05-02 American Blower Corp Fluid stream directing means
US2515894A (en) * 1947-09-16 1950-07-18 American Blower Corp Dust collector

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1875341A (en) * 1932-09-06 Fornia
AT31091B (de) * 1905-05-30 1907-12-27 Emil Richter Vorwärmer, Kondensator oder Entöler.
US2192214A (en) * 1936-08-11 1940-03-05 Horace M Weir Cracking process and apparatus
US2115326A (en) * 1936-12-02 1938-04-26 Bowen William Spencer Dust collector
US2201301A (en) * 1937-03-30 1940-05-21 Western Precipitation Corp Centrifugal separating device
US2370629A (en) * 1943-06-02 1945-03-06 William R Appeldoorn Dust precipitator
US2506298A (en) * 1947-08-09 1950-05-02 American Blower Corp Fluid stream directing means
US2515894A (en) * 1947-09-16 1950-07-18 American Blower Corp Dust collector

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2712859A (en) * 1952-04-30 1955-07-12 Research Corp Centrifugal gas cleaning device
US2921646A (en) * 1957-01-31 1960-01-19 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Moisture separator
US3329130A (en) * 1965-07-30 1967-07-04 Gen Electric Pressure recovery axial flow vapor-liquid separator
US3360908A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-01-02 Gen Electric Nested vortex separator
US3448563A (en) * 1966-09-19 1969-06-10 North American Rockwell Cyclone separator having substantially centrally located openings for lowering the pressure drop across the cyclone
US3413776A (en) * 1967-01-18 1968-12-03 F F Vee Equipment Co Inc Cyclone separator
US3407575A (en) * 1967-12-08 1968-10-29 Krizman John Through-flow spark arrester
US3481118A (en) * 1968-04-22 1969-12-02 Porta Test Mfg Cyclone separator
US3590560A (en) * 1969-07-28 1971-07-06 David B Pall Tubular vortex air cleaner
US3693329A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-09-26 Porta Test Mfg Hub assembly for in-line centrifugal separator
US4860547A (en) * 1985-11-12 1989-08-29 S.A. Separgaz Process and apparatus for extracting liquids from aggregates and from gas/vapor mixtures
US4886523A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-12-12 Maldague Pierre E Process and apparatus for aerodynamic separation of components of a gaseous stream
EP1974790A1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-01 Twister B.V. Séparateur de fluide de cyclone
WO2008116732A1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Twister B.V. Séparateur cyclonique de liquide
US20100319533A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2010-12-23 Twister B.V. Cyclonic fluid separator
CN101678257B (zh) * 2007-03-26 2011-08-24 缠绕机公司 旋流分离器
AU2008231954B2 (en) * 2007-03-26 2012-01-19 Twister B.V. Cyclonic fluid separator
US8257458B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2012-09-04 Twister B.V. Cyclonic fluid separator
US8475555B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2013-07-02 Twister B.V. Cyclonic fluid separator
US20090314161A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 The Boeing Company Cyclone Separator
US7931740B2 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-04-26 The Boeing Company Cyclone separator
US9121319B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2015-09-01 Universal Acoustic & Emission Technologies Low pressure drop, high efficiency spark or particulate arresting devices and methods of use
US11071929B2 (en) 2018-06-19 2021-07-27 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Gas-water separation system and methods
US11674396B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-06-13 General Electric Company Cooling air delivery assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB640070A (en) 1950-07-12
NL144512C (fr)
BE486957A (fr)
FR979366A (fr) 1951-04-25
CH273381A (de) 1951-02-15

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