US2568325A - Ultra high frequency generator - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2568325A
US2568325A US344832A US34483240A US2568325A US 2568325 A US2568325 A US 2568325A US 344832 A US344832 A US 344832A US 34483240 A US34483240 A US 34483240A US 2568325 A US2568325 A US 2568325A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
resonators
high frequency
container
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US344832A
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English (en)
Inventor
Diamond Hymen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US344832A priority Critical patent/US2568325A/en
Priority to GB5005/47A priority patent/GB629628A/en
Priority to BE471988D priority patent/BE471988A/xx
Priority to FR945872D priority patent/FR945872A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2568325A publication Critical patent/US2568325A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J3/00—Continuous tuning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
    • H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
    • H03L1/021—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only of generators comprising distributed capacitance and inductance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
    • H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
    • H03L1/04—Constructional details for maintaining temperature constant

Definitions

  • I n a Another object of my invention is to' provide suitable tuning means for the 'resonatorsof Ian ultra-high frequency generator.
  • a general object of my invention is to'provide a method for precisely tuning a hollow body resonator'.
  • the resonant frequency of 'a'hollow body resonator may be changedbyvarying its temperature.
  • my invention contemplates the external'elect'rical control of a movable
  • a hollow body resonator is provided with a vane supported from a lever which changes its position under the influence of heat.
  • the lever may be provided with an electrical heater, the temperature of which may be controlled externally.
  • Fig. 1 is a view partly in cross section and partly diagrammatic of a preferred embodiment of my invention, applied to an ultra-high frequency apparatus utilizing hollow body resonators.
  • Fig. 2 is a view on lines IIII of Fig. 1 b I
  • Fig. l I have disclosed a particular type of ultra-high frequency apparatus utilizing hollow space resonators for which my tunin means is especially adapted, although my invention may be applied to other type of high-frequency apparatus.
  • the apparatus shown in the drawing comprises a cylindrical metallic container 1 of a suitable vacuum-tight material such as copper or steel,
  • the cathode assembly 5 is supported from an insulating ring I secured to an end wall of the container.
  • the cathode assembly 5 comprises a heater 9 enclosed within an emissive cap I I, the outer surface of which is covered by a readily emissive material such as a combination .of alkaline earth oxides.
  • the cap II is flanged and the flanges I3 are supported on a dish-shaped disc I5 having a perforation I6 at its center through which the heater 9 extends.
  • A-potential of the order of several thousan volts is'impressed between the emissive cap I I and ground from a suitable source [1 which; may be of the usual commercial 60 cycle type.
  • the container I is also grounded and the potential which is thus impressed between the container wall and the cathode cooperates with the dishshaped electrode I5 to convert the electrons emitted from the cap II into a narrow high velocity stream.
  • at its center is secured to the cylindrical wall of the container I a short distance from the cathode 5.
  • the partition is at ground potential, and it accelerates the electrons in the stream.
  • the stream passes through the openwork 2
  • the cylinder 21 is supported from a second partition 29 which is centrally disposed in the container I andto. which it is secured coaxial with the container I.
  • the supporting partition 29 is provided with a gap 3
  • the rod 35 supporting the vane is secured to a special adjusting and control means hereafter more fully described.
  • the cylinder 2! provides a field-free space through which the electron stream moves in an axial direction.
  • the stream passes out of the cylinder through the remote end 39 which is also an openwork and then moves across another narrow gap 4 I.
  • the openwork 43 of a third partition 45 is in the path of the stream at the end ofthe gap 4
  • the deflecting electrode 41 is suspended from a plur'alityot symmetrically disposed insulators 49 secured to the rear end of the container I so that its. axis is coincident with the axis of the 0on tainer. It is composed of a, material that has a motion of the electrons in the stream and the latter are, therefore, deflected to the container wall where they are dissipated. 1
  • the resonator 29 constitutes a hollow body resonator, one of the resonant frequencies is that which is radiated.
  • the resonator is excited to oscillate at the selected; f requency and: as the electron stream passes through the gap.-- 23. within the resonator; the electrons are influenced by the electric field corresponding tothe excitation. of the resonator.
  • the electric vector of'the field causes a periodic variation of longitudinal velocity at the. frequency of the field. This variable velocity is superimposed'on-the average velocity corresponding tothe D.-C. voltage applied between. the cathode and the metallic body of the resonators.
  • The'electrons therefore, move at different speeds they pass into the field-free spacewithin the cylinder 21. As the electrons move through the cylinder-,- the collect" in groups at predetermined positions because the fast electrons tend to catch up with the slow ones.
  • the gap-M is a portion of the region ofa hollow bod resonator bounded bythe partition CS-[the adjacent openwo'rk 39 of; the cylinder 21, the wall of the cylinder 2! between the-central partition 29 and the openwork 39, the central partition 29 and the wall of the container I. betweenthe partition and thelower parti- Hon-"45' including'the' portion of the vane 33 to the right of the central partition. 4
  • the last-mentioned resonator is preferably dimensioned the same as the resonatorbetween theupper partition Iii and the central partition 29.50 thatone of its resonant frequencies is the same as the selected frequency of the latter. Slight differences in frequency may be compensated by regulating the control; means- 31, hereafter described, to the extent that the vane 33 moves farther into, the first or second resonator as indicated by. the arrows.
  • the resonator including the gap 41 is thus excited to oscillate at the same frequency, as the resonator containing the other gap 23.
  • D.-C'; voltage andilength. of cylinder 21 the groups of electrons are made. to cross the gap M at the time, when the; electric field, at this gap 41 retardjstheir'motion.
  • the electrons therefore, give up a. substantial fractl'on of their kinetic energy to the field-jand the energy is. converted into'radiant energy.
  • V The energy is radiated by means of a suitable antenna which is fed through a transmission line'5l comprising a shielded elongated conductor 5.3sealed through the containerl having a'jloop 55. extending into the energy-generating resonator with the gap 4i.
  • The-loop is: oriented so that it is threaded by the magnetic vector of the electromagnetic field within the resonator.
  • the first resonator with the gap 23 whereby the velocity of the electron stream is modulated, is excited to oscillate by a loop 5! which extends between the two resonators through an opening 54 in the separator wall of the central partition 29.
  • This is the usual feed-back connection where the apparatus is used primarily to produce oscillations.
  • the modulating resonator with the gap 23 may be excited to oscillate by a proper source of high frequency oscillations.
  • the electron stream does not give up the total energy to the energy-generating resonator with the gap 4
  • I provide a copper plate 33 vertically extending. through. a1sl0t-I3l in the common partition 29 between the. two hollow resonators.
  • Thisplate or vane 33- is connected by 35 to a bimetallic strip having its other end supported at 6
  • the bimetal St issurrounded by-a heating coil Ki l connected toelectrical heating means 65 controlled by rheostat 66.
  • the heatingof the bimetal is regulated bythe rheostat 66 to move the copper vane 33 up further into the-first hollow resonator or down into the second hollow resonator, as desired. It is apparent that the bimetallic strip must be pre-set' to place the vane 33-rnainly' in one resonator so that the application of heat will move it first to the positionillustrated and then move it into theother resonator.
  • the apparatus may incorporate any contrivances used generally in the. cathode ray. art in the same connection (such as improved. processing devices) without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • need'not necessarily be controlled by an electric heater 64.
  • the casing 62 may be immersed in a constant temperature bath and the temperature of' the bath may be controlled as desired.
  • The-bimetal fi'l mayunder certain conditions be replaced by a single-cle ment. of highthermal expansi-vity.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow body resonators in said discharge path, a metal part adapted to move into said hollow body resonators, and means for moving said metal part, said means including electrical conductors sealed through said container.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow resonators adjacent one another in said discharge path, a metal part adapted to move into either of said hollow body resonators, and means for moving said metal part, said means including electrical conductors sealed through said container.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow body resonators in said discharge path having a common partition, a metal part in an opening in said common partition adapted to move into either of said hollow body resonators, and means for moving said metal part, said means including electrical conductors sealed through said container.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow body resonators in said discharge path, a metal part adapted to move into said hollow body resonators, a bimetal supporting said metal part,
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow body resonators adjacent one another in said discharge path, a metal part adapted to move into either of said hollow body resonators, a bimetal supporting said metal part, and electrical heating means about said bimetal for controlling the movement of said metal part.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, a plurality of hollow body resonators in said discharge path having a common partition, a plate of metal in an opening in said common partition adapted to move into either of said hollow body resonators, a bimetal supporting said plate and electrical heating means about said bimetal for controlling the movement of said plate.
  • An electric discharge device comprising an envelope, means for producing a stream of electrical charges in said envelope, a hollow-body resonator interposed in the path of said stream, a portion of said resonator being capable of change in position to vary the resonant frequency of said resonator, thermal means connected to said portion for changing the position of said portion to vary the resonant frequency of said resonator, and electrical conductors sealed through a part of said envelope for electrically controlling said thermal means.
  • An ultra-high frequency device comprising a container, a plurality of electrodes therein defining a discharge path, hollow-body resonator means in said path, said resonator means in cluding a portion movable relative to remainder of said resonator means, means actuatable in response to temperature changes for moving said portion relative to said remainder, and temperature varying means cooperative with said actuatable means for determining the position of said portion.
  • An electric discharge device comprising a hollow-body resonator, a cathode, and means for bunching electrons emitted from said cathode and causing the bunched electrons to give up energy in said resonator, in combination with mechanical means for altering the distributed capacity and inductance of said resonator and thermal means for actuating said mechanical means.
  • An electric discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope, said envelope providing a hollow-body resonator, a cathode in said envelope for directing electrons through said resonator, means for bunching electrons and causing the bunched electrons to give up energy in said resonator, mechanical means within the evacuated envelope and in part within said resonator for altering the distributed capacity and inductance of said resonator, and thermal means for actuating said mechanical means.
  • An electric discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope, said envelope providing a hollow-body resonator, a cathode in said envelope for directing electrons through said resonator, means for bunching electrons and causing the bunched electrons to give up energy in said resonator, mechanical means within the evacuated envelope and in part within said resonator for altering the distributed capacity and inductance of said resonator, and electrically heated thermal means for actuating said mechanical means.
  • An electric discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope, said envelope providing adjacent hollow-body resonators, a cathode in said envelope for directing electrons through said resonators and causing the bunched electrons to give up energy in one of said resonators, mechanical means partly in each resonator and movable with respect to each so that withdrawal thereof from one resonator introduces more of said means into the other resonator for equating the resonant frequency of the two resonators, and thermal means for moving said mechanical means.

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  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US344832A 1940-07-11 1940-07-11 Ultra high frequency generator Expired - Lifetime US2568325A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US344832A US2568325A (en) 1940-07-11 1940-07-11 Ultra high frequency generator
GB5005/47A GB629628A (en) 1940-07-11 1947-02-20 Improvements in or relating to ultra-high frequency apparatus
BE471988D BE471988A (en:Method) 1940-07-11 1947-03-20
FR945872D FR945872A (fr) 1940-07-11 1947-04-26 Générateur de très haute fréquence

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US344832A US2568325A (en) 1940-07-11 1940-07-11 Ultra high frequency generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2568325A true US2568325A (en) 1951-09-18

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US (1) US2568325A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE471988A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR945872A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB629628A (en:Method)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682623A (en) * 1943-12-06 1954-06-29 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electrical frequency control apparatus
US2894169A (en) * 1953-03-24 1959-07-07 Emi Ltd Electron discharge devices
US2939037A (en) * 1956-01-30 1960-05-31 Varian Associates Apparatus for suppression of multipactor
US2945156A (en) * 1956-06-07 1960-07-12 Gen Electric Tunable high-frequency apparatus
US2963605A (en) * 1954-11-04 1960-12-06 Varian Associates Ion draining structures
US3227916A (en) * 1960-10-07 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Tuning mechanism for electron discharge devices
US6060832A (en) * 1997-07-24 2000-05-09 Hughes Electronics Corporation Self-biasing collector elements for linear-beam microwave tubes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2747091A (en) * 1951-11-21 1956-05-22 Cyrus H Fraser Stabilization of radio frequency oscillators

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559714A (en) * 1919-12-12 1925-11-03 John H Brickenstein Art of releasing electrons in vacuum discharge devices
US1884591A (en) * 1929-04-01 1932-10-25 Wired Radio Inc Electric discharge tube
US2079809A (en) * 1933-02-06 1937-05-11 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge tube
US2133642A (en) * 1924-02-25 1938-10-18 George W Pierce Electrical system
US2162478A (en) * 1937-08-20 1939-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Gas-filled tube in which the current is limited
US2243537A (en) * 1940-07-31 1941-05-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resonator grid structure
US2263184A (en) * 1940-10-09 1941-11-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Tuning device
US2323735A (en) * 1940-03-14 1943-07-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electric discharge apparatus
US2374810A (en) * 1939-12-22 1945-05-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559714A (en) * 1919-12-12 1925-11-03 John H Brickenstein Art of releasing electrons in vacuum discharge devices
US2133642A (en) * 1924-02-25 1938-10-18 George W Pierce Electrical system
US1884591A (en) * 1929-04-01 1932-10-25 Wired Radio Inc Electric discharge tube
US2079809A (en) * 1933-02-06 1937-05-11 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge tube
US2162478A (en) * 1937-08-20 1939-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Gas-filled tube in which the current is limited
US2374810A (en) * 1939-12-22 1945-05-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2323735A (en) * 1940-03-14 1943-07-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electric discharge apparatus
US2243537A (en) * 1940-07-31 1941-05-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resonator grid structure
US2263184A (en) * 1940-10-09 1941-11-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Tuning device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682623A (en) * 1943-12-06 1954-06-29 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electrical frequency control apparatus
US2894169A (en) * 1953-03-24 1959-07-07 Emi Ltd Electron discharge devices
US2963605A (en) * 1954-11-04 1960-12-06 Varian Associates Ion draining structures
US2939037A (en) * 1956-01-30 1960-05-31 Varian Associates Apparatus for suppression of multipactor
US2945156A (en) * 1956-06-07 1960-07-12 Gen Electric Tunable high-frequency apparatus
US3227916A (en) * 1960-10-07 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Tuning mechanism for electron discharge devices
US6060832A (en) * 1997-07-24 2000-05-09 Hughes Electronics Corporation Self-biasing collector elements for linear-beam microwave tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE471988A (en:Method) 1947-04-30
FR945872A (fr) 1949-05-17
GB629628A (en) 1949-09-23

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