US25591A - John stevens - Google Patents

Description

s TEvENsfSL JOHNSON;

Gas Tip. n

No. 25,591. Patentedvseptp2z1859.

2722? wares f 55.5. MQ h JOI-IN STEVENS AND JOHN JGHNSON, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

CONSTRUCTION OF GAS-BURNERSL Specification of Letters Patent No. 25,591, dated September 27,185.9..

ToaZZ 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOI-1N STEVENS and JOI-IN JOHNSON, both of' the city., county and State of New York7 andi composing tlie firm of JoH-N STEVENS AND Co., have invented a certain new and Improved Gras Tip or Burner; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionA `of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference denoted thereomn which Figure l is a perspective view of the burner as adjusted to burn a medium quantity of gas. Fig. 2 is a side elevation as adjusted to burn the largest. quantity. Fig. 3 is an elevation at right angles to the last showing the burner as adjusted to burn the smallest quantity. Fig. 4L is a corresponding elevation showing the burner adjusted as in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section showing the construction on a larger scale.

Similar letters of reference4 indicate corresponding parts in all the drawings.

In all burners heretofore known the area of the openings through which the gas has been ejected into the atmosphere has been incapable of being changed at will and the only means of regulating the flow of the gas. has consequently laid in diminishing the pressure below that in the street mains.

Most burners are or may be so constructed as to produce the greatest possible amount of light from a given quantity of gas; But with all burners heretofore known this could only obtain with a certain pressure of the gas. A burner could be constructed to burn four feet per hour under a certain pressure with its maximum effect andV another of different proportions be made to burn a smaller quantity with very nearly aV proportional effect, but if the same burner originally constructed to burn four feet be made to serve in burning three feet or, two feet per hour by simply subjectingit to a diminished pressure so! that the gas issues slower fromV the same orifices the quantity of light thereby produced is not equal to that produced in the burner adapted therefor but is very sensibly less. If the reduction of pressure be carried still further the Velocity of the exit of the gas being still further reduced the consumption of the original four feet burner willl be diminished to a small amount but the flame becomes red and smoky and finally pale and bluish. and

the light produced becomes almost inappreciable.

The nature of our inventionv consists in combining with two opposing apertures a movable slide in such manner that the area for the escape of. the gas into the atmosphere from the joint apertures is controlledby the movement of the slide without substantially changing the character of the fiame thereby enabling us toburn large or small quantities in the same burner and obtain therefromithe maximum luminous ei'ect of each4 quantity.

VThe nature of our invention alsoconsists in connection with the above, in so arranging two hollow branches in which. the apertures above designatedare made that they press'by their elasticity against the opposite sides of the adjust-able slide and. thus take up the wear of the rubbing surfaces.

To` enable others skilled in the art tomake and use our invention we will proceed to de scribe it by the aid of thev drawings.

A is a hollow tube tapped in the ordinary manner Vto secure it tightly upon the eX- tremity of thegas pipe.

B B are curved branches,A both hollow, and connected to A. as represented. Their upper extremities oppose each.` other face to face as distinctly shown in Fig.V 2. The branches B B. are so constructed that when unconstrained their upper and open ends stand very near or in4 absolute contact each with the other7 but are so thin and long that they are capable of' yielding by their elasticity and of standingY apart` as represented'.

TheV upper extremity of A is very greatly reduced in diameter above the point where the branches B B are YConnected7` forming a slender rod or wire extending upward a-l little distance, On this projectiom designateed as a, is loosely fitted a sleeve c, so that c is free to slide on a.. Rectangular notches are formed in the sides of c as represented and its top is Split to receive the thin plate p C, which is secured therein by the small pin as represented. The plate C consequently is compelled to move up or down as the sleeve c is moved.

The plate C extends upward from c and its upper edge lies between the opposingV extremities of B and B, being pressed against thereby. Then the sleeve 0 is elevated the plate C stands so high as nearly to reach` the upper edges of the aperture in the ends of each, but when it is depressedV to the greatest extent its upper edge almost escapes from (MIM between B B. The narrow orifice or slot between B and B is the aperture through which the gas escapes into the atmosphere to be burned. Its length and consequently its area is increased as C is depressed and diminished as C is elevated.

A. wire d extends across B B and is supported in suitable bearings thereon as represented. It is free to turn in these bearings and its overhanging extremity cl is bent down and provided with a covering of wood or some other good non-conductor of heat, by the aid of which it may be turned at pleasure. Two arms D D are fixed on this wire d and extend into the notches in the sides of the sleeve c so that as Z is turned the arms D D are elevated or depressed and a corresponding motion is imparted to c and C. It follows that the position of C and consequently the length of the opening for the escape of gas between B and B is controlled at pleasure by moving the extremity cl of the wire d.

The plate C may, for burning gas, be very thin and consequently the opening for the escape of the gas will be very narrow, being about equal in width to those in what are known as the bat-wing burners. For burning dense vapors, as benzole, etc., the thickness must be greater. fe so proportion the parts that when the slide C is near its lowest position the form of the jet of flame is very nearly that of the bat-wing and that as the slide C is gradually raised the jet becomes narrower and the consumption of gas is diminished, but the Velocity of the particles ejected is as great when a small quantity is burned as when the slide is depressed and a larger quantity is consumed. The light produced is consequently very nearly proportional to the quantity of gas consumed. The flame is always of the same character with regard to its light-producing qualities. When the slide C is depressed the flame covers a great area-as shown by the dotted lines M M etc. which represent the outline of the jet from the open burner Fig. 4-and when the slide C is elevated the flame is smaller as shown by the strong lines m m etc-but the gas in the small jet Fig. 3 is moving as rapidly as in the larger et, and the character or quality of the two flames is alike.

l/Ve propose always to use a cock of some ordinary character or some of the other well known devices for shutting off the gas from our burner at will. 7e prefer always to shut such cock or equivalent when the light is to be extinguished entirely, instead of depending on the tightness of the joints at the sides of B and B. Therefore we do not consider it necessary to give such a range to our slide C as will enable it to completely stop the apertures, though this can readily be done if desired. Another and very important use of a 'cock or equivalent thus con` nectedy is to reduce the pressure when it is greater than is desired and thus to allow it always to issue at the proper velocity to produce the maximum light.

It may be proper here to explain that it is generally known that gas cannot by any means yet discovered be burned with precisely as much effect in a very small quantity as in a larger one. 7e do not assert 'that our burner allows us to do this. We have not intended to describe it as able to do so. Four feet of gas per hour is believed to invariably produce more light when burned in a single four feet burner than in two of the best two feet burners, but thev difference is moderate provided the two sizes of burners are properly proportioned and the pressure be as great or a little greater on the smaller burners. Our burner may not make the burning of one foot give half as much light as the burning of two feet, but makes the burning of one foot in a large burner give as much light as the burning of an equal quantity in a burner spe cially constructed for that quantity, and also makes the burning of five feet or three feet in the same burner give as much light as the burning of those quantities in specially constructed five feet or three feet burners.

If in any instance it is desired to use the very smallest possible quantity of gas in our burner the slide C must be elevated until the aperture is very greatly contracted. By this means a smaller amount may be burned than is possible when the burner orifice is allowed to remain open as usual.

If-as may be generally expedient-it is desired that the pressure shall not remain uniform in our burner when the area of the slot is -increased and diminished but that it shall vary in the opposite manner to that usually found, viz., that the pressure shall be greatest in burning a very small quantity, it is simply necessary to make a suitable contraction in the pipe or to set the cock partially open. In such case the rapid flow attendant on the burning of a large quantity will be choked or throttled at that point and the gas will arrive at the burner at a comparatively low pressure while the flow of the smaller quantity will be so gentle as to pass through the contraction in the pipe or through the half Open cock without sensible diminution of pressure. Thiscondition will always obtain to a greater or less degree in the use of our burners with gas pipes as generally fitted up. Thus worked the gas will issue through our burner with a greater velocity as the slide is elevated making the llame somewhat longer or at least of equal length as its breadth is diminished.

Vhen the gas is allowed to reach the burner freely the flame from our burner amer Whether large or small is steady and unwavering in which respect our invention is greatly superior to the burners in common use. The form of the flame depends much on the form of the plate or slide. le have represented t-his slide as circular and the flame as that of a common bat-wing or nearly so but by giving a different form to the upper edge of C the iiamemay be varied to suit any purpose or taste. le have also represented the branches B B as uniformly curved and as circular in section but they may be made in other forms in both these respects without changing the eect materially or by modifying the contour at the ends where they are presented each to the other a still further diversity may be produced in the form of the iame. If one aperture B be of a' different form from B or fails to correspond in area and position the jet will be contorted and warped instead of plane and this must be guarded against if a plane form of jet is required.

It is obvious that an infinite variety of devices may be substituted for the parts D (l, to give motion to the plate C without affecting the character of the invention. Among these devices are screws which give an equal movement of C for each turn, whether C be near its -highest or its lowest position, and cams so shaped as to increase or diminish the area of the openings equally with equal movements thereof, and again a graduated scale or arc may be attached to show approximately what quantity is being burned.

A connection may if desired be made between the plate C and the key of a cock below so that the opening and closing of the cock may give the whole or a part of the movement of C. le have represented the projections D and the lever d as a simple and cheap device by which to explain the invention. Our invention is applicable to the burning of all hydro-carbon and other combustible vapors as well as to gas.

Having now fully described our invention what we claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States isl. The apertures B B in combination with the movable slide C or its equivalent, substantially as herein described, whereby the area of the passage for the gas or vapor is contracted at pleasure at the point of its exit into the atmosphere and the volume of the flame is diminished without substantially changing its character.

2. W'e also claim the arrangement of the branches B B diverging from a single pipe A and pressing by their elasticity against the opposite sides of the slide C for the JOHN STEVENS. 'JOHN JOHNSON.

litnesses THOMAS D. S'rnrsoN, VM. B. SMITH.

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