US2559092A - Directional aerial - Google Patents

Directional aerial Download PDF

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Publication number
US2559092A
US2559092A US767097A US76709747A US2559092A US 2559092 A US2559092 A US 2559092A US 767097 A US767097 A US 767097A US 76709747 A US76709747 A US 76709747A US 2559092 A US2559092 A US 2559092A
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Prior art keywords
reflector
plane
sectors
wave
axial
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Expired - Lifetime
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US767097A
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English (en)
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Reulos Rene
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to directional aerials.
  • the chief object of my invention is to provide a device capable of transforming spherical microwaves into a beam of substantially plane waves the electric field of which rotates in a substantially uniform manner as the waves are travelling forward.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a device capable of picking up a beam of rotary field plane microwaves for reception purposes.
  • My device is essentially characterized by the combination of a short rectilinear antenna or doublet and of a wave reflecter surrounding said antenna and the inner surface of which is constituted by the juxtaposition of a plurality of sectors of paraboloids of revolution the respective axes of which coincide with that of said antenna and the planes of symmetry of which make equal angles with one another, all the parabolic axial sections of said reflector inner surface having their focus located at the same point of the rectilinear antenna, the parameter of the parabolic axial section of every sector being equal to the sum of that of the preceding sector and a quantity such that the difference between the parameter of the last paraboloidal sector and that of the first one is equal to one half of the wave length of oscillation of the antenna.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are an axial section and a perspective view respectivel of a device according to my invention
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a reflector corresponding to that of Figs. 1 and 2 but slightly different;
  • Fig. 4 is a front elevational view of a modification
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are a perspective view and an axial sectional view, respectively, of still another modification.
  • I make use of a short rectilinear antenna or doublet oscillator and I transform by means of a special shaped reflector the rectilinear polarization spherical waves radiated from said antenna into plane waves the direction of the electric vectors of which rotates about the reflector axis as said waves are travelling along said axis.
  • a similar combination will make it possible to receive waves of this kind and transform them into spherical waves for the doublet antenna.
  • My reflector is not a surface of revolution and can be considered (in the example of Figs. 1 to 3) as generated by the rotation about its axis of a variable half-parabola, the focus of which remains in fixed position and the parameter of which increases proportionally to the angle (p made by the plane in which it is located with a fixed plane passing through the axis.
  • the parameter which is a linear function of said angle increases by one half wave length when (p varies from O to 2m It follows that the surface thus defined.
  • a spiroidal paraboloid which may be called a spiroidal paraboloid, has an axis and a focus, that the axial plane sections thereof are parabolas and that its sections perpendicular to the axis are spirals; such a surface has a line of discontinuity, a kind of step which is visible at be on Fig. 2.
  • This arrangement is intended to create a phase difference which varies in a continuous manner between sectors of the wave corresponding to different values of angle this phase difference being in fact equal to this angle. It follows that opposed sides of the reflector reflect portions of a plane wave that are in phase and that the geometrical line of discontinuity introduces no discontinuity in the structure of the wave, which is substantially plane and thevector fields of which, constant in magnitude, rotate about the direction of propagation in a uniform manner.
  • FIG. 1 designates the focus of the refiector, OZ its axis, (1 the antenna or doublet placed at the focus and directed along this axis.
  • Fig. 2 shows at e the line (illustrated by a tube with a coaxial conductor) which supplies high frequency current to the doublet.
  • Each of the axial sections of this refiector has the shape of a half parabola, and as the parameter of this parabola increases continuously with the angle made by the section plane with an origin axial plane XOZ (Figs. 1 and 3) all the cross sections of the reflector surface are spirals.
  • the parameter increase, when (p varies from O to 21, is chosen equal to one half of the length x of the Wave transmitted by the doublet.
  • the two corresponding half parabolas therefore have parameters that differ from each other by On Fig. 1, the circular arcs W1, W2, W3, W4, etc., indicate the successive positions of a wave transmitted by doublet d, at time intervals equal to one half of the period and straight lines E3, E42,, E4, Efia, E5, EaS, Es, etc., indicate the corresponding positions and directions of the lines of force of the electric field of the plane Wave that is produced after reflection.
  • the axial spacing of straight lines E3, Ea, E4, E59,, E5, etc, is equal to the radial spacing with respect to that E4 starting in the opposite direction from the upper half section and is thus in the same transverse plane as the line of force E3 of the same direction starting from this upper half section and corresponding to the position W3 of the wave on the preceding half :period.
  • This brings back into accordance the fields from the two opposed half sections.
  • the phase diflerence between two elementary half sections of the reflector is measured by the angle they make with each other, the direction of the lines. of force of the electric field rotates through 21 as the wave moves forward a distance in the axial direction. I thus obtain continuous rotary polarization.
  • the reflector may be constituted by a plurality of sectors each in the form of a portion of a paraboloid of revolution, said sectors having increasing parameters.
  • the reflector of Fig. 4 comprises three sectors a1, 112, as, each of which extends over an angle of about their common axis OZ and the parameters of which are equal respectively to p,
  • each sector has a phase difference of with those reflected by the adjoining sectors.
  • the reflector includes n sectors of the same kind each having a parameter equal to the preceding one plus I likewise obtain a series of vibrations in hase difference of and the electric field of the plane wave still rotates as the wave is moving forward.
  • Rotary field waves are not necessarily plane waves in the narrow meaning of this term.
  • a directional aerial system which comprises, in combination, a rectilinear oscillator of small length and a wave reflector surrounding said oscillator and the inner surface of which is constituted'by a plurality of adjacent paraboloidal sectors each of revolution and limited by axial planes, the respective aXes of revolution of which sectors coincide all with the line along which said oscillator is located and the middle planes of which make equal angles with one another, all the axial parabolic sections of this reflector sur face having the same focus, located on said rectilinear oscillator, the parameter of the axial parabolic section of each sector being equal to the sum of that of the preceding sector and of a fixed length such that the difierence between the parameter of the last paraboloidal sector and that of the first one is equal to one half of the wavelength of oscillation of the rectilinear oscillator.
  • a directional aerial system in which the number of paraboloidal sectors is infinite, so that each of them is reduced to a generatrix and the cross sections of the reflector surface are spirals. 4
  • a directional aerial system in which the apex portion of the paraboloidal sectors is replaced by a plane reflecting surface at right angles to the common axis of the paraboloidal sectors.
  • a directional aerial system in which the number of paraboloidal sectors is infinite, so that each of them is reduced to a generatrix and the cross sections of the reflector surfaces are spirals, the apex portion of the parabolic surface being replaced by a plane reflecting surface at right angles to the 5 common axis of the paraboloidal sectors.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US767097A 1940-02-29 1947-08-07 Directional aerial Expired - Lifetime US2559092A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR971260T 1940-02-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2559092A true US2559092A (en) 1951-07-03

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Family Applications (1)

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US767097A Expired - Lifetime US2559092A (en) 1940-02-29 1947-08-07 Directional aerial

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2559092A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH268704A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR971260A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB643738A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL72107C (en, 2012)

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1345056A (en) * 1916-08-02 1920-06-29 Winston Overton Headlight
US1559212A (en) * 1920-05-03 1925-10-27 Winston Overton Reflector for headlights
US1735377A (en) * 1927-10-19 1929-11-12 Martha W Caughlan Reflecting surface
US1805886A (en) * 1930-10-31 1931-05-19 Conrad K Rizer Headlight
US1932469A (en) * 1929-12-02 1933-10-31 Telefunken Gmbh Short wave signaling
FR781464A (fr) * 1934-06-30 1935-05-16 Phare pour véhicules automobiles, vélos, avions, etc.
GB436355A (en) * 1934-04-13 1935-10-09 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv A new or improved method of and apparatus for clustering short and ultra-short electro-magnetic waves
US2054895A (en) * 1932-07-06 1936-09-22 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Short wave radiation
DE706661C (de) * 1936-01-17 1941-05-31 Telefunken Gmbh Richtsendeanlage mit zwei voneinander unabhaengigen Richtcharakteristiken
US2405242A (en) * 1941-11-28 1946-08-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave radio transmission
US2408373A (en) * 1945-01-13 1946-10-01 Chu Lan Jen Antenna
US2423073A (en) * 1941-06-13 1947-06-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electromagnetic wave radiator

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1345056A (en) * 1916-08-02 1920-06-29 Winston Overton Headlight
US1559212A (en) * 1920-05-03 1925-10-27 Winston Overton Reflector for headlights
US1735377A (en) * 1927-10-19 1929-11-12 Martha W Caughlan Reflecting surface
US1932469A (en) * 1929-12-02 1933-10-31 Telefunken Gmbh Short wave signaling
US1805886A (en) * 1930-10-31 1931-05-19 Conrad K Rizer Headlight
US2054895A (en) * 1932-07-06 1936-09-22 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Short wave radiation
GB436355A (en) * 1934-04-13 1935-10-09 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv A new or improved method of and apparatus for clustering short and ultra-short electro-magnetic waves
FR781464A (fr) * 1934-06-30 1935-05-16 Phare pour véhicules automobiles, vélos, avions, etc.
DE706661C (de) * 1936-01-17 1941-05-31 Telefunken Gmbh Richtsendeanlage mit zwei voneinander unabhaengigen Richtcharakteristiken
US2423073A (en) * 1941-06-13 1947-06-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electromagnetic wave radiator
US2405242A (en) * 1941-11-28 1946-08-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave radio transmission
US2408373A (en) * 1945-01-13 1946-10-01 Chu Lan Jen Antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR971260A (fr) 1951-01-15
NL72107C (en, 2012)
GB643738A (en) 1950-09-27
CH268704A (fr) 1950-05-31

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