US2559048A

US2559048A - Resilient tooth mounting for rotary plows

Info

Publication number: US2559048A
Application number: US571240A
Authority: US
Inventors: Harry J Seaman
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1945-01-04
Filing date: 1945-01-04
Publication date: 1951-07-03
Anticipated expiration: 1968-07-03

Description

y 3, 1951 H. J. SEAMAN 2,559,048

RESILIENT TOOTH MOUNTING FOR ROTARY FLOWS Original Filed Sept. 26, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG.1 FIG. 2

' INVENTOR ATTORNEY July 3, 195] H. J. SEAMAN 2,559,048

RESILIENT TOOTH MOUNTING FOR ROTARY PLOWS Original Filed Sept. 26, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FZ'G.1O FIG.11

INVENTOR HARRYJ. SEAMAN BY zi% 00%? ATTORNEY Patented July 3, 1951 RESILIEN T TOOTH MOUNTING FOR ROTARY PLOWS Harry J. Seaman, Milwaukee, Wis.

Continuation of application Serial No. 459,781, September 26, 1942. This application January 4, 1945, Serial No. 571,240

11 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to rotary pulverizers adapted for digging, cutting, disintegrating and mixing various materials, as in soil cultivation and road building.

An object of the invention is to provide improved means of simple, rugged and inexpensive construction for mounting pulverizing tools on a rotary shaft and for facilitating the attachment and detachment of the tools.

Another object is to provide a rotary pulverizer which will permit the mounting of a relatively large number of tools in a limited space while providing a substantial working depth.

A further object is to provide a pulverizer permitting the interchangeable use of different types of tools.

The invention further consists in the several features hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating certain embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional elevation of one form of rotary pulverizer showing a peripheral row of tools, a deflected position of one of the tools being shown by dotted lines, and the position of tools in a laterally adjacent row being shown by dot-and-dash lines;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the pulverizer;

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional elevation of one of the tool mountings;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the tool mounting before clamping pressure is applied;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional elevation taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. 1, but showing tools of the coiled torsion spring type substituted on the pulverizer shaft;

Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the pulverizer of Fig. 6, parts of the tools being broken away;

Fig. 8 is a detail sectional elevation taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of the pulverizer of Fig. 6, showing the tool before clamping pressure is applied;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing a modified form of pulverizer;

Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the pulverizer of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a detail sectional elevation of one of the tool mountings of the device of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12, but showing the tool mounting before clamping pressure is applied;

Fig. 14 is a detail sectional elevation taken on the line I l-I4 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of one of the tools and its associated spring, and

Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view similar to Fig. 12, but with the tool subjected to greater clamping pressure.

In that form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5, l5 designates a rotatable tool shaft or drum which is conveniently formed of round steel pipe or tubing. Secured about the tubular shaft are axially spaced rows of rectangular metal blocks I6 bent to an arched shape, the blocks in each peripheral row being equally spaced, and' the blocks also being arranged in helically extending rows along the shaft. The arched blocks are saddled on the shaft and are firmly welded to the shaft along their opposite end edges 11, these edges extending parallel to the shaft axis. The opposite side edges I8 of each block are parallel and form axially spaced shoulders facing away from each other, and in each peripheral row of blocks the opposite side edges of the blocks lie in parallel planes normal to the shaft axis. Radially extending studs I9 are firmly screw-threaded through the central portions of the respective blocks l6 and through the underlying walls of the tubular shaft, thus providing a substantial length of screw-threaded engagement for the studs even though the walls of the tubular shaft are relatively thin. The studs in each peripheral row are equally spaced and lie in a plane normal to the shaft axis, and the studs are also arranged in helically extending rows along the shaft.

Mounted on the shaft are peripheral rows of tools 20 in the form of resilient tines or teeth. Associated with the tools are respective leaf springs 2!, the tools and springs being formed of fiat metal bar stock and extending in a generally tangential direction with respect to the shaft. Each tool has an arched end mounting portion 22 with an intermediate stud-receiving opening 23.

The free end portion 24 of the tool is suitably shaped to suit the work at hand and is here shown to be hooked in the direction of rotation.

The extremity of the arched end portion 22 of the tool presents a toe-forming bearing edge 25 and the other end of the arched portion has a heel-forming bearing edge or knuckle 26, these bearing edges being parallel and extending transversely of the tool at right angles to the tool and parallel to the shaft axis. Each leaf spring 2| underlies the corresponding tool 20 in face-toface relation and in effect forms a part thereof, the spring having the same general shape as the tool except that it is shorter and has no hooked free end. The spring has an arched end portion 27 similar to the arched end portion of the tool and provided with a stud-receiving opening 28 and bearing edges 29 and fill. Near the outer end of the spring the tool and spring are preferably provided with an aligning tongue-and-groove connection 3]. The tangentially arranged por tions of the tool and spring extend from the shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation and are approximately at right angles to the axis of the associated stud.

The radius at the inner side of each of. the

arched end mounting portions of the tool and spring is somewhat less than the radius of the shaft, so that the

bearing edges

29 and 30 of the spring will engage the cylindrical surface of the shaft and the

bearing edges

25 and 26 of the tool will engage the convex side of the spring. Each stud 19 carries a clampin nut 32 for the associated tool and spring, and before this nut is tightened the parts assume the position shown in Fig. 4, the arched portion 2'5 of the spring clearing the block or plate It. Upon tightening the nut, the resilient arched portions of the tool and spring are depressed and fiexurally stressed and the bearing edges 25 and 3!! of the spring press firmly on the cylindrical surface of the shaft and prevent any angular shifting of the spring about the stud axis. The bearing edges of the tool similarly engage the spring and prevent angular shifting of the tool. The spring pressure on the nut retains the nut firmly in place. and no special nut-locking means is required. By turning the nut down on the stud, the arched portion of the spring is brought close to or in contact with the opposite ends ll of the block 16, these block ends limiting the flattening or deflection of the arched portion and forming, gaging abutments to avoid overstressing of the tool and stud. The central part of the arched portion of the tool is brought close to or in contact with the underlying arched portion of the spring. The stud receiving openings 23' and 28 are preferably farther from the bearing edges 26 and 39 than from the

bearing edges

25 and 25, so as to avoid undue stress on the stud when the tools are subjected to an operating load. The hooked free ends of the tools are preferably twisted r skewed so as to provide for lateral impelling or whipping action on the ground or other material being worked. The tools in each peripheral row have their free ends twisted alternately toward opposite sides, as shown, but in some instances all the tools may have the same twist. The laterally adjacent rows of tools can be mounted relatively close together. somewhat less than one-half the effective tool radius, thus providing a substantial working depth for the tools.

In operation, the tubular tool shaft or drum rotates in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 1 to drive or impel the tools, the anchored end of each tool being angularly in advance of the hooked free end of the tool. During rotation, the hooked tool ends dig into the ground or other material being worked and have a pulverizing and mixing action on the material. Upon encounterin excessive resistance to rotation, the outer free ends of the resilient tools will yield rearwardly and inwardly and shorten their effective radius, thus reducing the danger of breakage. In their deflection under load, each tool and associated spring have fulcrum points at the bearing, edges 26 and 30, respectively, and

The radius of the shaft is preferably 'be omitted.

The tool shaft l5 of Fig, l is so arranged as to permit ready substitution of tools 40 of the double coiled torsion spring type, as shown in Figs. 6 to 9. Each tool comprise a double coiled spring 4| adapted to detachably carry a hooked tine 42 and having parallel arched shank portions 43 adapted to bear on the cylindrical surface of the shaft, there being a tool at each of the blocks I6. The arched shank portions, when free, preferably have a radius which is shorter than the radius of the shaft, as indicated in Fig. 9, so as to provide a firm bearing on the shaft, each arched shank portion having bearing surfaces 39 and 50 at its opposite ends engageable with the shaft. The shank portions of each spring are disposed at the opposite sides of the corresponding block [6 and are clamped to the shaft and to the opposite shoulder-forming side edges Is of the block, as best seen in Fig. 8, by clampin yokes 44 each having angularly extending end portions 45 and having a central opening 46 through which the corresponding stud l9 passes. By turning down the nut 32 on the stud each of the arched shank portions of the tool is flexurally stressed and pressed firmly against the cylindrical surface of the shaft, the side edge I8 of the block l6 and the inner surface of the angular projection 45 of the clamping yoke 4%, thus providing a threepoint engagement. If desired, a nub 41 may be formed on the end portion of each spring shank 43 to prevent accidental release of the tool. The pulverizer of Figs.'6 to 9 is similar in operation to the device of Figs. 1 to 5.

The modified form of pulverizer illustrated in Figs. 10 to 15, which is generally similar to that shown in Figs. 1 to 4, includes a tubular shaft or drum 55 having secured therein a series of peripheral rows of radially extending studs 69, the walls of the shaft being of suitable thickness to hold the studs firmly in position. Tools 13 and asso ciated leaf springs ll, similar to those of the device of Fig. l, are mounted on the shaft and have respective arched portions 72 and i'l'with openings 73 and '18 to receive the studs. The arched portion E2 of each tool has a toe forming bearing edge l5 and a heel-forming bearing edge 16, and the arched portion "a"! of each spring has similar bearing'edges l9 and 853, "the latter being adapted to engage the cylindrical surface ofthe shaft. Each tine and associated spring are firmly but detachably held on the shaft by a nut 32 threaded onto the corresponding stud, as in the device of Fig. 1. The arched portions of the tools and spring are here shown to be somewhat flatter than those of the device of Fig; l, and the construction is such as to permit a larger number of tools to be used in each peripheral row on a shaft of given size, six being shown in the present instance. The free end portions '14 of the toools are hooked in the direction of rotation, as in the device of Fig. l, and the associated springs and tools are provided with aligning tongue-andgroove connections 8| near the outer ends of the springs. Upon tightening the nut 82 from the loose position seen in Fig. 13, to the clamped position seen in Fig. 12, the resilient arched portions of the tool and spring are depressed and fiexurally stressed and are prevented from angularly shifting about the stud axis, the bearing edges 19 and 80 of the spring engaging the cylindrical surface of the shaft and the central part of the arched portion of the spring being brought close to or in contact with the shaft surface. The pulverizer is otherwise the same in construction as that of Fig. l, and operates in a similar manner. In Fig. 16, the central part of the arched portion of the spring is shown to be in contact with the surface of the shaft.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as claimed.

This application constitutes a continuation of my application Serial No. 459,7 81, for Rotary Pulverizers, filed September 26, 1942, now abandoned.

What I' claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, outwardly extending studs rigidly secured to said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, tools each comprising a flat tine element and a backing leaf spring therefor, said tine element and leaf sprin each having a resilient arched end portion, and each arched end portion having longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces and a stud-receiving opening between said surfaces, the spaced bearing surfaces of said spring being engageable with said shaft, and nuts on said studs for clamping the associated tines and springs to said shaft, each tine element and leaf spring extending from its arched end portion in a direction away from the direction of rotation of said shaft and approximately at right angles to the associated stud.

2. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft having a convexly curved periphery, outwardly extending studs rigidly secured to said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, tools each having a resilient end portion with longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces and a stud-receiving opening between said surfaces, said bearing surfaces being engageable with the curved periphery of said shaft and extending substantially parallel to the shaft axis, and nuts on said studs for clamping the tools on said shaft, each tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation and approximately at right angles to the associated stud.

3. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, blocks rigidly secured to the periphery of said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, outwardly extending studs rigidly secured to said shaft and passing through said respective blocks, tools each having a resilient arched end portion extending over the corresponding block and bearing on the periphery of said shaft beyond the opposite ends of the block, said tools each having a stud-receiving opening in said arched portions, and nuts on said studs for clamping the arched end portions of the tools to said shaft, each block forming a gaging abutment to prevent overstressing of the overlying resilient tool end portion, and each tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation.

4. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, blocks rigidly secured to the periphery of said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, outwardly 6 7 extending studs rigidly secured to said shaft and passing through the respective blocks, tools mounted on said shaft and each having a resilient compressible end portion engaging said shaft and provided with a stud-receiving opening, and nuts on said studs for fiexurally stressing the compressible portions of said tools and for clamping said portions to said shaft, each tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation.

5. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tubular tool shaft, blocks rigidly secured to the periphery of said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, outwardly extending studs rigidly screw-threaded in said respective blocks and the underlying walls of the shaft, the inner ends of said studs being adjacent to the inner periphery of said tubular shaft, tools each having a resilient inner end portion with longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces and a stud-receiving opening between said surfaces, and nuts on said studs for clamping the inner end portion of said tools to said shaft, each tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from. the direction of shaft rotation.

6. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tubular tool shaft, outwardly extending studs secured to said shaft in peripherally spaced relation, the inner ends of said studs being adjacent to the inner periphery of said tubular shaft, tools each having a resilient arched end portion saddled on said shaft, said arched end portion having longitudinally spaced shaft-engaging bearing surfaces and a stud-receiving opening between said surfaces, and nuts on said studs for clamping the arched portions of the tools to said shaft, each tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation.

7. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, a tool having a resilient inner end portion with longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces engageable with said shaft at peripherally spaced points of said shaft, said tool having an opening at a point between said bearing surfaces and unequally spaced therefrom, said opening being farther from the bearing surface toward the free end of said tool than from the other bearing surface, and means passing through said opening for inwardly deflecting and flexurally stressing said end portion of the tool and for clamping the tool to the shaft, said tool extending from said shaft in a direction away from the direction of shaft rotation.

8. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, peripherally spaced tools arranged about said shaft and each having a resilient portion engaging said shaft, and means engaging said resilient portion of each tool at an intermediate point of said portion for flexurally stressing said resilient portion and for clamping said tool to said shaft to be rotated by said shaft, said resilient portion when in unstressed condition having longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces engageable with said shaft.

9. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft, peripherally spaced tools arranged about said shaft and each having an arched resilient portion saddled on said shaft, and means engaging said arched resilient portion of each tool at an intermediate point of said portion for fleXurally stressing said resilient portion and for clamping said tool to said shaft to be rotated by said shaft, said arched resilient portion when in unstressed condition having longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces engageable with said shaft.

10. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft having axially spaced shoulders facing away from each other, peripherally spaced tools arranged about said shaft and each having a pair of resilient shanks engaging said shaft and said shoulders, each shank when in unstressed condition having longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces engageable with said shaft, and securing means for each tool including an apertured yoke having cam-forming end portions engaging the intermediate parts of said tool shanks for flexurally stressing said shanks and for forcing said shanks toward each other and against said shoulders.

11. In a rotary pulverizer, a rotatable tool shaft having axially spaced shoulders facingaway from each other, peripherally spaced tools arranged about said shaft and each having a pair of arched resilient shanks saddled on said shaft and laterally engaging said shoulders, each shank when in unstressed condition having longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces engageable 'With said shaft, and means engaging the intermediate portions of said tool shanks for fiexurally stressing said shanks and for securing said shanks to said shaft and in lateral abutment with said shoulders.

HARRY J. SEAMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

10 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 241,528 Cobb May 17, 1881 338,176 La Dow Mar. 16, 1886 644,046 Albright Feb. 27, 1900 1,122,461 Arundel Dec. 29, 1914 1,132,152 Bell Mar. 16, 1915 2,364,667 Seaman Dec. 12, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 20,686 Australia May 22, 1930 552,387 Germany June 13, 1932