US255895A

US255895A - Cold aie machine

Info

Publication number: US255895A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1882-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 1899-04-04

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet; 1.

, H. P. STARBUCK.

801,1) AIB; MAGEINE.

No. 255,895. l Patented Apr. 4,1882.

Jfiwses: ,Invep for: WM EQU/'U7 v N, PETERS.' Phaxauunogmphu, wrnhingtu, D. C

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. F. STARBUCKS 1 GOLD AIR MACHINE. A j N0.z55,895 Patented Apr.4,1882.

g/ Y W n/ my N. Pinzas mbmrwmph", walkman, o. i;

(No Model.) 4 Sheets- Sheet 3.

H. F. STARBUGK.

y GOLD AIR MACHINE.

No. 255,895. Patented Apr. 4,1882.

M www N, PETERS. PMm-uogmphnf. wnshingtnn. D. C.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

. H. F. STARBUGK.

' GOLDAIR MACHINE. No. 255,895. Patented Apr. 4,1882.

Hfinesses' Inval/nier:

N. PErEns, Plmu-Lnmgnpm. winnings. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. STARBUOK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO VILLIAM A. REYNOLDS, OF SAME PLACE.

COLD-AIR SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 255,s95,dated April 4, 1882.

Application tiled October 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY F. STARBUCK, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, and a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvelnent in Cold-Air Machines, of which'the following is a full description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings,in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the front ot' the case partially broken away, and the upper or expansion and the lower or compression cylinders on one side with their respective plungers or pistons and the upper and lower receiving and discharging valves in section, the driving wheel or pulleybeing also in section, the section being taken on line .c :c otl Fig. 16; Fig. 2, ahorizontal section on line y y ot' Fig. 15, with the plungers or pistons and the airinduction tube for the lower valve removed; Fig. 3, a vertical section on line e zot- Fig. 15, the air-induction tube for the lower valve being in elevation; Fig. 4, a detail, being an elevation of the lower valve, its casing or chamber, and air-induction tube, with a portion of the lower air-chamber in section; Fig. 5, adetail, being a central vertical section through the lower valve, its casing or chamber, and airinduction tube, showing the valve open, with a portion ot' the lower air-chamber in section; Fig. 6, a detail, being a central vertical section through the lower valve, its casings, or chamber, and air-induction tube, showing the valve closed, with a portion otl the lower air-chamber in section Fig. 7, a transverse section through the valve and its casing; Fig. 8, a transverse section through the valve and its casing, showing the valve in the position itoccupies in Fig. 5; Fig. 9, a transverse section with the valve in the position shown in Fig. b', the valve being shown respectively in these three figures partially open, fully open, and completely closed; Fig. 10, a detail, being a central vertical section of the casing or chamber for the upper valve; Fig. 11, a detail, be-

ing a horizontal section through the upperv valve and its casing, taken on a line with the 'center ofthe upper ports of Fig. 10, showing the valve open for the discharge ot' air from the upper air-chamber; Fig. 12, a detail, being a central vertical section, at right angles to that shown in Fig. 10, ot' the upper valve and its casing or chamber, showing the valve in the position shown in Fig. 1l; Figs. 13 and 14, details, being horizontal sections of the valve in the same plane as that ot" Fig. 1l, showing respectively the positions ofthe valve in relation to the induction and eduction ports at the beginning and end ofthe shut-off of the induction-port from the upper air-chamber, the ports being shown in outline; Fig. 15, a front elevation; Fig. 16, a side elevation; Fig'. 17, a perspective view. Figs. 3 and 16 show the crank-shaft and the devices connected therewith for operating the plungers or pistons and the rotary valvesin areverse position from the position in which such partsare shown in Figs. 1 and 1T. Figs. 4 to 14, inclusive, are enlarged.

This invention relates to machines which are primarily designed for the purpose ot producing a current of cold air to act as a refrigerant or for cooling purposes, and it may be used for any purpose where it is desired to produce a cooling or lowering of' the temperature; and it relates more particularly to the construction and arrangement of the upper and lower airchambers and upper or expansion cylinders, and lower or compression cylinders and valves coacting with such cylinders, and devices for operating the valves in their several relations to each other to produce the required expansion and contraction by which the air is cooled under pressure, as hereinafter more specifically described; and it has for its objects to improve the construction, arrangement, and operation ot' the cylinders, and increase the utility and reliability of the apparatus for producing the desired result toimprove the method by which airis drawn into the apparatus and ejected therefrom in a cooled condition to act as a refrigerant; toimprove the construction, arrangement, and operation of the devices by which the air is drawn into the machine and ejected therefrom in their relation to each other, and to the receiving and discharging cylinders and the air chambers; and to improve generally the constructiom'arrangement, and operation ot' the several devices constituting the machinein their several relationsto each other, whereby their combined act-ion will be more IOO positive, uniform, and reliable in accomplishing the desired end, the machine as a whole being designed for use in the manufacture of ice, as well as for general refrigeration; and its nature consists in providing a main reservoir composed of an upper and lower section or chamber connected by pipes, and combining with the chambers of such reservoir, valves, and valve-chambers of peculiar construction, as hereinafter' more specifically described; in providing one ofthe chambers with an induction-pipe formed of a hollow cylinder carrying one of the valvi s through which the air is conducted to the chamber coacting with such valve; in the peculiar and novtl construction of the valve and its chamber; in the peculiar and novel construction and arrangement of the valve-chamber and receiving-chamber or reservoir in their relation to each other; in providing a driving-shaft and actuating-gear for giving the valves a rotary movement, thedriving-shaft having cranks thereon for operating the plungers or pistons ofthe cylinders; in the peculiar and novel construction and arrangement of the cylinders in relation to the receiving-chambers, val\'es,and valve-casings,where by a continuous action is produced; and in the several parts and combinations of parts, hereinafter more specically pointed out and claimed as new.

In the drawings, A represents the compression-cylinders; A',the expanding-cylinders; B and B', rotary valves, differing slightly in the construction and arrangementoftheir ports; C, thereservoir; C', the connecting-pipes; D, the

plungers or pistons ofthe cylinders A; E, theA piston-heads or plungers of the cylinders A'; F, the pitmen or rods for the plungers D; F', the pitmen or rods for the pistons E; G, the double-crank shaft for operating the pitmen or rods; H, the chamber or tank for the reception of water; I, the space around the cylinders A', forming an insulated cooling-chamber and snow-box; J, the tube or hollow shaft through which air is admitted to the cylinders A; K, the valve-stem ofthe valve B; a, the beveledgear wheel on the shaft G; b and b', beveledgear Wheels on the ends of the stems for the valves B and B', respectively; c, the cranks on the shaft G; d, the actuating-heads on the ends of the pitmen or connecting-rods for the plungers orpiston-heads; e, the springs around the valve-stems for keeping the valves in place; f, the inlet-ports from the reservoir C through the casing of the valve B; g, thechambers in the' valve B'; h, the inlet-ports through the chamber or casing of the valve B; i, the cut-oli" ring for the valve; j, the pin for attachingthe ring i; j', theopening for the attachingpin ofthe ringt'; 7c, the set-screw for holding the ring in position when adjusted; l, the exhaust-ports from the chamber or casing of the valve B; m, the exhaust-portsin the chamber or casing of the valve B', leading to the cylinders; a, the chambers or passages in the valve B', coacting with the ports m,- o, the inlet-portin the valveB; o',theinlet-portthrough the casing of the valve B, leading to the cylinders; p, the exhaust-port thronghthe valve B; p', the exhaust-port through the casing of the valve B; q, the seat ofthe valveB; @the checkvalve; r', the opening' into the chamber C.

The compression-cylinders A and the eX- panding-cylinders A' are single acting, and are, as shown, arranged in pairs, the compression-cylinders being above or on a higher plane than the expandir]g-cylinders, and in the same vertical plane as the eXpandingcylinders. These cylinders A and A' are of corresponding size and proportions, and theirdimensions will depend upon the size of the machine and the capacity which it is desired the machine shall have. As shown, cach compressing-cylinder has working therein a plunger' or piston, D, having a body the length ofwhich is somewhat greater than the working-length of the cylinder, the diameter of the body corresponding with the interior diameter of the cylinder, and the interior of the body' having an opening or chamber into which the rod or pitman by which it is operated passes, so as to be counected with the bottom ofthe piston or plunger; but some other form of plunger or piston which will doA the required work can be used.

As shown, each Lipper or expanding cylinder has working therein an ordinary piston head or disk, E, which may be of any of the usual and well-known forms, and this piston head or disk is operated by a pitman or connecting rod, to the end of which it is secured in any suitable manner.

As shown, the pistonsor plungers D and E are operated from the shaft G, which shaft is mounted in suitable bearings located on the side ofthe outer casing of the machine, and is driven from a pulley-wheel on one end or in any other suitable manner. rfhis shaft G has thereon two cranks, c, one of which is located in line with each cylinder or pair of cylinders A A', and to these cranks is connected in any suitable manner a sliding block located so as to reciprocate back and forth in the end of a head, d, formed with or attached to the rods or pitmen F F', a head, d, being provided for each pitman, and the block to which the head is connected sliding back and forth, so that by a revolution of the shaft G the crank will alternately advance and recede the pistons or plungers D E, and these cranks are so arranged in relation to each other as to stand iu opposite directions, so that when one crank is in position to withdraw the head or disk E and advance the plunger or piston D on one side the opposite crank will be in position to raise or withdraw the piston D and advance the head or disk E, by which arrangement it will be seen that when the pistons or plungers on one side are operatingin one direction the pistons or plungers on the opposite side are operating in the reverse direction, keeping up a continuous intlow and outow of air through the cylinders.

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The valve B has an exterior ot' a conical shape, and is provided with interior passages, one ot' which leads from the top of the valve to the side thereof and the other from the bottom of the valve to the opposite side thereof. These passages form the ports through the valve for the induction and eduction ofthe air to and from the cylinders, according to the position in which they are broughtin relation to the ports for each cylinder by the rotation of the valve, the passage 0 forming the inlet-port and thepassageptheexhaust-port. lhisvalve islocated in a casing having an opening corresponding in shape to the exterior shape ot' the valve, through the sides of which casing or chamber are openings o and p', which form ports for admission of air to either one of the cylinders A, or f'or the exhaustion of the air from such cylinders, accordingly as the ports o andp are brought in line therewith. This casing or chamber for the valve is located and arranged in such manner in relation to the cylinders as that communication is had with one cylinder through the port o' and with the other cylinder through the port p atsuch point in relation to the plungers or pistons D as that air will be admitted to the respective cylinders when the plunger thereof is elevated or raised.

Airis admitted tothe cylinders through the tube or hollow shaft J, to the lower end of which the valve B is attached in any suitable manner, so as to bring the opening o, which leads to the top of the valve, in line with the opening through the tube or shaft J, the air entering at the top of the tube or shaft and passing down through the saine into the opening o, out through the port o erp', accordingly as the valve is turned into one or the other of the cylinders A.

To the upper end of the tube or shaft J is connectedin any suitable manner, so as to leave openings for the admission of the air, a stein or rod, to the upper end of which is connected or attached a beveled -gear wheel, b, so that the hollow shaft and the continuation thereof by the rod or stem i'orrn the stems for the valve. The wheel b meshes with a beveled-gear wheel, a., located on ashaft, G, and by means of these beveledgear wheels a b the valve B is given its rotation, so as to bring its ports 0r passages op alternately in position to act with the passages or ports o'p.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the casing for the valve B has side extensions to t against the side ofthe cylinders A, and each cylinder,

at the lower end thereof, in line with the ports op, is provided with an opening by means of which communication is formed between the ports and the interior of the cylinders; but this communication might be made in some other suitable manner in case the exterior casing or chamber for the valve is not formed to fit the cylinders or the cylinders do not come in contact therewith. The upper valve, B', is also conical or of a taper shape on its exterior, but differs somewhat in the construction of its passages or ports from the construction of the valve B.

The valve B is provided with four chambers, g a, two on each side of the valve and one above the other, the chambers on each side being directly opposite and in line with each other, and the two sets of chambers, upper and lower, being separated one from the other by a division or partition plate, as shown in Fig. l2, the upper chamber, g, forming passages t'or the admission ot' air, and the lower chambers, a, passages through which air is exhausted. The casing which receives this valve B has a conical central opening corresponding in shape to the shape of the valve, and its exterior is formed in any suitable manner, so as to be attached within the chamber or reservoir for compressed air. The interior ot' this casing or chamber for the valve B is provided with passages h, with which the passages or chambers g coincide as the valve is rotated, and these passages h open into ports m, which ports are located so as to be in line with the chambers a, and communicate therewith as the valve rotates, the chambers a also communicating with an exhaust-port, o, also formed in the casing orchamber for the valveB.

The ports m are located in lin'e with each -othcr on opposite sides ot' the casing or chamber, and the exhaust-port 0 is located in the same plane withthe ports m on one side ot' the chamber or casing, and stands at right angles in relation to the ports m. The chamber or casing et' this valve is also provided with the ports f, leading to the compressed-air chamber or reservoir G, and cach portf is located in line with the passages h, which passages are formed on opposite sides of the interior of the chamber or casing, the portsf being located at. right angles to such passages on each side of the chamber or casing adjacent to the reservoir or chamber C. The ports m communicate with the cylinders A' through suitable openings formed in the cylinders, or in any other suitable manner, the porton one side communicating with one cylinder and the port on the other side communicating with the opposite cylinder, and, it' desired, the exterior of the casing or chamber for the valve Bmay be formed so as to tit against the side of each cylinder, the same as shown for the casing for the valve B in Figs. l and 2, in which casethe cylinders A are provided with openings coinciding with the ports m, and forming a communication between the ports and cylinders, as shown in Fig. 1. This valve B is located on a stem, K, passing up through the coolingchamber and the snow-box I, to the opposite end of which stem is attached a beveled-gear wheel, b', which meshes with the beveled-gear wheel a, by means of which wheels a b the valve B is rotated so as to bringthe chambers- 'g a and passages h in line with the portsf, n,

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The location of the ports op of the valve B in relation to the ports 019' ot' its chamber or casing is shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and the construction and arrangement of the valve and its seat and their relation to the chamber C and communication therewith are also shown in the same figures.

'lheform of construction and arrangement of the valve B and its casing or chamber is shown in Figs. l0, l1, and 12, and these same figures also show the location and arrangement of the receiving-chambers g, discharging-chambers n, passages or openings h, and ports mfc in their several relations to each other.

The reservoir or chamber C for compressed air may be formed, as shown, with an upper and lower compartment connected by the pipe c', or in some other suitable form. In the upper compartment and around the cylinders A is formed a chamber, I, which chamber is insulated from the cylinders and chamber or reservoir G, so as to form a cooling-'chamber and snow-box, and this chamber is so arranged in relation to the cylinders that the cold air delivered by or through the valve B forms a medium for cooling the chamber and keeping` it cool, so as to retain any snow which maybe formed therein, thereby utilizing` the cold arising from the snow and assisting to that eX- tent in maintaining a low temperature in the expanding-cylinders A', which cylinders are located within the receptacle or chamber I.

The chamber H is located in the lower portion of the reservoir orA main chamber around the cylinders A, and extends upward around the pipes C', and into this chamber cold water is admitted in any suitable manner, so as to fill the lower portion thereof around the compressing-cylinders A, which water, after entertering the chamber, is made to pass out at or near the top in any suitable manner. This chamber, when lled with ilowing water, as described, keeps the cylinders A A and valve B cool, the valve and cylinders being located within the chamber, and the water also forms a means for cooling the pipes C and aportion ofthe main reservoir or air-chamber C, so as to keep the parts which are in contact with the water at a lower temperature, which aids in cooling the current of air and maintaining the cylinders and valve in a cool condition, and thereby increasing the action of the cylinders in the operation ofthe machine by abstracting a portion of the latent heat of the air produced by the operation, so that it will be delivered to the expansion-cylinders in acooler condition than otherwise would he the case it' the water-chamber H were not used.

The valve B', as shown, is provided with an adjustable cut-oft' formed by a movable ring, i, held in position by means ot a pin,j, and setscrew a. rThis ring encircles the lower part of the valve, and by means ot' the set-screw and pin can be so adjusted as to admit the proper quantity of air into the expansion-cylinders by turning it in the proper direction to increase or decrease the amount ot opening g, so that the admission ot' air to the port f will be cut oi' sooner or later in the rotation of the Valve. This ring or cut-off is not shown in Fig. 1, and can be made adjustable and held in position by other means than the pin)l and the set-screw 7c, the pin, as shown, having a square shank or body and enteringy a corresponding -shaped opening, j', formed therefor in the body of the valve. Any other form of cut-off than that shown and described may beused,if so desired, that will do the work.

As shown, air is admitted into the chamber C from the port p through an opening or port, r, formed in the seat q of the valve, which seat is secured in any suitable manner to the body or upper part of the chamber C, and, as shown, a check-valve, r, which may be of any of the ordinary and well-know n forms ofconstruction, is provided for controlling the admission of air into the chamber C, but this check-valve is not a necessity, and may be omitted, if desired.

As shown, the machine stands in a vertical or upright position; but it can be arranged to operate in a horizontal position, if so desired.

The valve B controls the passage of airinto the cylinders A A and from such cylinders into the lower portion of the main reservoir or chamber (J, such control ot' the air bythe valve B being through its rotation and arrangement ot' its ports or passages op in relation to the ports or passages o p in its chamber or casing leadingto thecylinders. The valve B controls the passage of air from the main reservoir or receiver into the expansion-cylinders, and from such cylinders through the exhaust-port to the place desired, such control of theair by the valve B being through its rotation and the arrangement of its chambersg and n in relation to the inlet-portf, air-passages h, ports m, leading to to the cylinders, and exhaust-port o leading to the place of discharge, in their several relations to each other and to the cylinders A', in which the air is expanded.

As shown, the valves are maintained in position so as to revolve freely and not become misplaced by means of coil-springs e, located around their respective stems, one end of the spring resting upon the beveled Wheel by which the valve is rotated, and the other acting against a collar or ring formed on the shaft, so as to t'orce the valve into this opening and hold it therein; but other forms of devices or means can be used for this purpose.

In operation airis admitted through the pipe J from the exterior, and passingdown such pipe enters the opening or passage 0 in the valve B, and through this passage o air will-pass to the cylindersAalternately, accordingly as the passage or opening o coincides with the port o or p', the air entering each cylinder at the time that the piston or plunger D for such cylinder commences its upward stroke, or during such upward stroke, and before it reaches the highest point of ascent and commences to IOC ICS

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descend. As the piston or' plunger D commences to descend the valve B will have rotated so as to bring the opening or passage p in the valve B in communication with the port of the cylinder the piston of which is descending, and the piston will force the air from the cylinder through the port and the passage or opening p and the passage or opening i into the chamber C, the air passing through the checkvalve,when such valve is used, as usual. At the same time that the plunger or piston of one cylinder A begins to descend the plunger or piston of the other cylinder A will commence to ascend, at which time the opening or passage o bythe rotation of the valve is brought into communication with the port communicating with such cylinder in which the piston or plunger has commenced its ascent, and air will pass through the pipe J and opening or passage o and the port ofthe cylinder into the cylinder below the piston or plunger, charging that cylinder with the air, which air will be discharged therefrom on the descent of the piston or plunger, the valve by its rotation having brought its opening or passagep into communication with the port leading to the cylinder, the rotation of the valve also bringing the passage 0 into communication with the other cylinder, from which the air has been discharged, recharging such cylinder. By this arrangement it will be seen that while one cylinder A is beingdischarged the other cylinder is being charged, and this discharging and charging ofthe cylinders is alternate, each halt-revolution ot' the valve bringing the openings or passages o and p into communication with the ports 0 and p', so as to charge and discharge the cylinders.

The operation of the valve B is similar to that of tbc valve B in charging and discharging the cylinders A. Air is admitted from the main reservoir or chamber C through a port, f,

Aand passes through such port into a chamber,

g, which is in communication therewith, from which chamber it passes through the opening h as the valve rotates into the port m, and from thence into the expansion-cylinder with which this port communicates, the piston head or disk of such cylinder, as the air enters, having commenced its ascent or being on its upward stroke. At the same time the piston head or disk of the other cylinder A has commenced its descent or is on its downward stroke, and the air in such cylinder will be forced out through the port m, which communicates therewith, into the chamber n, from which chamber it passes, as the valve rotates, through the exhaust-port o to the place where it is to be distributed or used, the chamber n being brought into communication with the port on to discharge the air as the chamber a on the opposite side is brought into communication with the opposite port, m, for the air to enter and charge the cylinder which isbeing filled as the air is being discharged from its neighboring cylinder.

It will be understood that a single inletport, f, is to be provided, located in line with and standing transversely at righta'ngles to the chambers or passages h and passing through the valve casing or chamber to the reservoir or chamber C; and it will also be understood that a single outlet-port, o, is to be provided, located transverse or at right angles to and in line with the ports m, so that as the valve B is rotated the air will pass alternatelyr through the portfinto each chamber u, and through the passages h and port m to the cylinders, and the air from the cylinders will be discharged through the ports m, chambers n, and exhaust-port 0, the arrangement being such that when air is entering one cylinder the otheroneis closed and remains so until a chamber, n, is brought in communication therewith by the rotation ot' the valve, and at the same time that one port, f, is open for the admission of air to one cylinder through the passage h and port m air will be discharged from the other cylinder through the port m, chamber n, and port o. By this arrangement it will be seen that while one cylinder is being charged the other is being discharged, and as the valve rotates the cylinder which is being discharged will be charged, while the other cylinder which was being charged will be discharged, this charging and discharging of the cylinder being alternate-and occurring with each rotation of the valve B' through the arrangement of the ports and passages just described.

Thegchamber or casing for the valve may have a side expansion or wing so formed as to project or extend over the end of the cylinder on the respective sides of the casin g or chamber and form the cover for closing` the cylinder, such extension being provided with a suitable passage or opening leadingfrom the port int-o the cylinder on each side, so as to form a means of communication for charging and discharging the cylinders.

By means of these rotary valves B and B', with their ports and the ports leading to the cylinders, and by the arrangement and mode of operation of the plungers or pistons, it will be seen that air is admitted into one cylinder while being discharged from the other cylinder, accordingly as the valve is in position for the induction or eduction of the air, so that with each half-revolution of the crank-shaft one cylinder is being charged and the other discharged. lhe air which is forced into the chambers C through the com pressing-cylinders A passes'A from the chamber into which it enters through the pipe Ginto the other chamber, from which chambers it is drawn through the action ot' the expanding-cylinders A, keeping up a continuous movement orl circulation through the chambers and cylinders,which circulation is maintained bythe action ofthe cylinders and the valve which coacts therewith.

As shown, the cylinders A and the pistons or plungers D, which work therein, are kept IOO IOS

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lubricated by the water in the chamber H, the cylinders having small openings leading to the interior, and the plnngers each having small grooves, which coact with such openings and allow water to enter in sufticient quantity to act as a lubricant, and also to pack thepistons or plungers and prevent leaking. The valve B is also kept lubricated in the same manner from the water in the chamber H, and any small quantity of Water which may find its way through the joints of either the plungers or the valve will be collected in the reservoir C, and can be removed through an automatic jet-cock suitably arranged for the purpose or by any other suitable means.

The particular form of machine shown and described is especially adapted to be used on shipboard, where beef and other perishable freight is stored for transportation; but it can be used in other places and for other purposes, and its form may be easily modified to adapt it to other uses, the arrangement ot' the cylinders in relation to the valve by which they are supplied with air, and bywhich airis exhausted in the manner hereinbetbre described, remaining the same when the other parts of the machine are modified.

Other forms of reservoir or receiving-chambers U than the one shown and described can be used so long as such reservoir or chamber is adapted to receive the cylinders and valves and operate in conjunction therewith.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A main receiving-chamber or reservoir for compressed air, in combination with compressing-cylinders A and rotary valve B, having its body provided with ports o p, and located in a casing or chamber provided with ports o'p', leading to the cylinders for alternately charging and discharging the cylinders, substantially as specified.

2. A main receiving-chamber or reservoir for compressed air, in combination with eX- pandi'ng-cylinders A' and a rotary valve having its body provided with chambers g n, and located in a casing or chamber provided with passages h, ports m, inlet-portf, and exhaustport o for supplying air to the cylinders and withdrawing it therefrom, substantially as and for the purposes specitied.

3. A main. receiving-chamber or reservoir for compressed air, in combination with compressing-cylinders A, rotary valve B, having ports or openings op, and located in a casing or chamber having ports o'p' leading to the compressing-cylinders, and discharge-port r, expanding-cylinders A', and rotary valve B', having chambers g a, and located in a casing or chamber provided with iniet-portf and outlet porto, and with openings or passages lt and ports m leading to the expanding-cylinders for forcing air into the receiving-chamber or reservoir and withdrawing it therefrom, substantially as specied.

4. The air-supply pipe J, and rotary valve B, having openings or ports op through its body, and located in a casing or chamber having ports o'p', in combination with the compressing-cylinders A and a main receiving-chamber or reservoir for supplying air under pressure tothe chamber or reservoir, substantially as specified.

5. A rotary valve for supplying air, having its body provided with openings or ports o and p, leading respectively from the top ot' the valve to the side thereof' and from the bottom ot" the valve to the side thereof, in combination with a casing or chamber adapted to receive the valve, and having ports o'p', in communication with which the ports op are alternately brought by the rotation ot' the valve, and receiving and discharging cylinders communicatingwiththechamberorcasing through the ports o'p' for supplying air to one cylinder while the other is being discharged, substantially as specified.

6. A rotary valve, B', having on opposite sides ot' its exterior chambers g a, located one above the other, in combination with a casingorcham ber adapted to receive the valve, and having inlet-port j', which communicates with the chambers g, air passages or openings h, receiving and discharging ports m, and eX- haust-port 0, communicating with the chambers a, and eXpanding-cylinders communicating with the chamber or casing through the ports m for supplying air to the cylinders and dischargingittherefrom,substantially as specitied.

7. In a retrigerating-machine, the combination of two compression-cylinders, A, rotary valve B, having-ports op, and located in achambcr or casing having ports o' p' leading to the cylinders, with a compressed-air reservoir or chamber, O, connecting-pipes C', and coolingtanks H for supplying air to the cylinders and educting it therefrom, and keeping the cyliiiders and valve cool and at the proper temperature for use, substantially as specified.

8. In a refrigeratiIig-machine, the combination ot' two expandingcylinders, A', and a valve, B', constructed as described, and located in a chamber or casing formed as described, with a coolililg-chamber in which the cylinders are located, and a main receiving-chamber or reservoir for compressed air for keeping the cylinders and valve cool and forming a cooling-chamber and ice-box, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

HENRY F. STARBUOK.

Witnesses:

O. W. BOND, A. H. ADAMS.

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