US2558568A - Device for producing infrared rays - Google Patents

Device for producing infrared rays Download PDF

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Publication number
US2558568A
US2558568A US749050A US74905047A US2558568A US 2558568 A US2558568 A US 2558568A US 749050 A US749050 A US 749050A US 74905047 A US74905047 A US 74905047A US 2558568 A US2558568 A US 2558568A
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filaments
electrodes
electrode
infra
bulb
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US749050A
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English (en)
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Ernst E W Kassner
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VIBRANIC Ltd
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VIBRANIC Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light

Definitions

  • infra-red rays In order to produce infra-red rays. it has been the usual practice up to the present time to make use either of incandescent lamps or of gas discharge lamps, these sources of infra-red rays having very different emciencies.
  • the word efficiency designates the transformation ratio of the electric energy supplied by a source of current or a distribution system into radiating energy.
  • the chief object of my invention is to improve the efiiciency of devices for producing infra-red rays and more particularly the efiiciency inside one or several given frequency bands.
  • Fig. 1 shows in diagrammatic section the lower portion of a lamp for producing infra-red rays made according to an embodiment of my invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are views similar to Fig. 1 and illustrating another embodiment of my invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an axial sectional view of an accessory device to be used in connection with the lamp of Figs. 1 to 3.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to Fig. 4 and relating to modifications.
  • the lamp for producing. infra-red rays includes a glass bulb l, for instance of conventional shape,
  • this inner reflecting layer 2 may be replaced by a supplementary external reflector.
  • Bulb l includes a conventional mount 3, either of the screw-threaded or of the bayonet type, through which the lamp can be directly inserted in the electric distribution system.
  • Mount 3 is provided in the usual way with feed contacts 4 and 5.
  • the electrode system includes, on the one hand,
  • an incandescent electrode divided into several portions (filaments) and, on the other hand, several rod-shaped electrodes each of which is housed axially in a portion of the incandescent electrode, all these electrodes being connected together as it will be hereinafter described.
  • Each filament 1a or lb is wound to form a helix each spire of which may be constituted either by a single winding or by a double winding.
  • I make use of glass cylinders 8 which carry supporting wires 9 to which the filaments are directly secured.
  • Filaments 1a and 1b are parallel to each other and to the axis of bulb I and they are located close to the focus of the reflector 2. They might also be disposed along the same line if it were desired to obtain a linolite lamp.
  • Electrodes Illa and lllb are constituted by small rods and each of them is fitted axially in the corresponding filament Ia or lb. These rods llla and lllb are kept in position by having their free ends engaged in conductor and elastic supports lla and llb, for instance tight-wound helical springs provided respectively at the top and bottom of each rod.
  • Electrode l lla is connected through its supports Ho and llb and wires l2a and I2! to feed wire 50
  • Electrode lllb is connected through its supports lla and l lb and wires In and I3! to feed wire la. Stability of the whole of the electrodes is ensured by an insulating glass piece l4 against which bear the free ends of feed wires 4a and 5a. The lower parts of these wires are separated from each other by an insulating part l5 of the base portion 6 of the lamp.
  • the upper ends of electrodes Illa and lllb are connected through supports llb and wires IS with apoint ll of the wire-that connects filaments la; and lb with each other, whereby electrodes Illa and lob are fed with only one half of the network voltage.
  • the lower ends of the electrodes are connected, through supports lla, with a piece l8 of an insulating material, itself supported by wires l9 carried by feed wires 40 and 5a..
  • the upper portion of the system of electrodes is held by a stirrup 20 constituted by a wire carried by glass cylinders 8 and which supports an insulating piece 2
  • filaments la and lb aremounted differently.
  • Filament lb is connected, through its lower end, with feed wire 5b :and, through its upper end, with a wire 22 leading to the lower end of filament 1a.
  • the upper end of this filament la isconnected with a ring fitted on the right hand side insulating cylinder I and connected with feed wire a.
  • Wire 22, which connects filaments 1a and lb together, also feeds current to electrodes Ia and llb through a wire l6a.
  • Wire 22 also serves to support the upper part of the electrode system in position. The lower part of this system is held in position by insulating piece l8 carried by wire elements IS.
  • the infra-red ray lamp of Fig. 1 works in the following manner. Supposing, for instance, that it is fed with 120 volts alternating current, filaments la and lb, which are made of suitable size, grow incandescent since they are inserted in a closed circuit. As electrodes Illa and lb are connected with feed wires 4a and 4b through wires Ila-Rb and
  • infra-red rays that are produced therefrom come both from filaments Ia and lb and from electrodes Illa, lllb in the form of rods. Therefore, the radiating surface is very wide.
  • filaments 1a and lb are fed with current in the same manner as in the case of Fig. 1, but electrodes "la and Nb receive only one half of the network voltage since they are connected, through a wire IS, with a point half way between said electrodes.
  • electrodes Illa and I b are fed in the same manner as in the case of Fig. 2 but, due to the particular arrangement of the feed circuit of filaments Ia and lb, the points thereof that are opposite one another respectively are always at the same potential so that it is possible to feed the lamp with a higher alternating voltage without running any risk of a spark discharge taking place between these filaments even when they are located at a short distance from each other. Therefore, this wiring arrangement is particularly advantageous when the lamp is fed with current of a voltage of 220 volts.
  • Electrodes Illa and "lb are made of a metal which may be the same as that of filaments Ia and lb or different therefrom. They may consist of either solid or hollow rods. Preferably, and according to my invention, they are made of a calcined mixture of pure metals, such as tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, and metallic salts, such as molybdenum sulphide or magnesium, zirconium or cerium oxide. tures, the proportions of pure metal and metallic salt can be so chosen as to obtain a selective displacement of the maximum of radiation toward the infra-red portion of the spectrum.
  • I may, according to another feature of my invention. surround each electrode I M or I0b with a perforated sleeve 24 made of a material having a high melting point such as zirconium oxide, magnesia, etc., this sleeve being disposed coaxially with respect to the electrode while being insulated therefrom by supports 24a.
  • the holes 25 provided in sleeve 24 may be either circular or of elongated shape. They may be distributed in a regular manner either over the whole length of the sleeve (Fig. 4)
  • the area of these holes is such that a predetermined screen effect is obtained for a given potential.
  • the size of the holes averages from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Due to the presence of the perforated sleeve, the intensity of the electronic current is limited and spark discharges are prevented.
  • the internal pressure may advantageously be chosen equal to 500 mm. of mercury, the bulb being filled with a mixture of argon and nitrogen.
  • the location of the discharge apertures 25 of insulated sleeves 24 may be chosen, as shown by Fig. 6, in such manner that they correspond with the potential nodes '26 of the ultra-short wavelengths to-be obtained.
  • account must be taken of the existing electrical conditions, such as the network voltage, of the gas pressure in which the discharge takes place, of the distance between the sleeve and the electrode, etc.
  • My invention therefore makes it possible to obtain, by means of a single lamp, two complementary sets of electromagnetic waves, to wit one corresponding to the infra-red band (A ranging from 0.8 to 3 a) but close to light rays, and the other corresponding to the band of ultrashort waves (A ranging from 0.3 mm. to 50.0 cm. approximately) which adjoins the intra-red region, while obtaining two predetermined interrelated maximums, so as to correspond, concerning a great number of organo-chemical substances, to the most important absorption rays of these substances.
  • a device of the type described whichcomprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb, constituted by parallel 1 metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, electrical connections for causing current from the same source both to circulate in closed circuit fashion through said filaments and to bring said discharge electrodes to a given potential, whereby infra-red rays are simultaneouslyradiated from said filaments and from said electrode, said electrode being within the field of the radiations of said filament, and a sleeve of a material having a high boiling point surrounding each of said electrodes, said sleeve, electrically insulated from said electrode being provided with holes.
  • a device of the type described which comprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb, constituted by parallel metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, electrical connections for causing current from the same source both to circulate in closed circuit fashion throughsaid filaments and to bring said discharge electrodesto a given potential, whereby infra-red rays are simultaneously radiated from said filaments and from said electrode, said electrode being within the field of the radiations of said filament, and a sleeve of a material having a high boiling point surrounding each of said electrodes, said sleeve, electrically insulated from said electrode being provided with holes regularly distributed over the whole surface thereof.
  • a device of the type described which comprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb, constituted by parallel metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, electrical connections for causing current from the same source both to circulate in closed circuit fashion through said filaments and to bring said discharge electrodes to a given potential, whereby infra-red rays are simultaneously radiated from said filaments and from said electrode, said electrode being within the field of the radiations of said filament, and a sleeve of a material having a high boiling point surrounding each of said electrodes, said sleeve, electrically insulated from said electrode being provided with holes grouped at certain portions of the surface thereof.
  • a device of the type described which comprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous said filament, and a sleeve of a material having a high boiling point surrounding each of said electrodes, said sleeve, electrically insulated from said electrode being provided with holes grouped at the ends of the surface thereof.
  • a device of the type described which comprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb, constituted by parallel metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, electrical connections for causing current from the same source both to circulate in closed circuit fashion through said filaments and to bring said discharge electrodes to a given potential, whereby infra-red rays are simultaneously radiated from said filaments and from said electrode, said electrode being within the field of the radiations of atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb constituted by parallel metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, two terminals adapted to be connected with corresponding terminals of a source of current, two wires starting from saidfirst mentioned terminals, said filaments being connected in series with their lower ends connected with said wires respectively, and means for connecting both ends of one of said electrodes with one of said wires and both ends of theother electrode with the other wire, whereby in
  • a device of the type described which comprises, in combination, a bulb filled with a gaseous atmosphere, at least two radiating discharge electrodes in said bulb constituted by parallel metal rods, at least one filament wound about each of said rods at a distance therefrom, two terminals adapted to be connected with corresponding terminals of a source of current, two wires starting from said first mentioned terminals, said filaments being connected in series with their lower ends connected with said wires respectively, and means for connecting both ends of one of said electrodes with the wire to which isconnected the lower end of the filament wound about the other electrode and means for connecting both ends of the other electrode with the other wire, whereby infra-red rays are simultaneously radiated from said filaments and fromsaid electrode, said electrode being within the field ofthe radiations of said filament.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US749050A 1946-11-27 1947-05-19 Device for producing infrared rays Expired - Lifetime US2558568A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733377A (en) * 1951-10-06 1956-01-31 Incandescent lamp comprising two
US2859368A (en) * 1951-10-20 1958-11-04 Sylvania Electric Prod Heat lamp

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2098113A (en) * 1932-02-06 1937-11-02 Spaeth Charles Lamp and method of operating same
US2110609A (en) * 1933-08-30 1938-03-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Metal vapor lamp
US2116689A (en) * 1936-03-18 1938-05-10 Gen Electric Infrared generator
US2203482A (en) * 1931-01-27 1940-06-04 Argco Tube And Television Corp Gaseous conduction lamp
US2330850A (en) * 1940-12-13 1943-10-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Flectrical gaseous discharge lamp

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203482A (en) * 1931-01-27 1940-06-04 Argco Tube And Television Corp Gaseous conduction lamp
US2098113A (en) * 1932-02-06 1937-11-02 Spaeth Charles Lamp and method of operating same
US2110609A (en) * 1933-08-30 1938-03-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Metal vapor lamp
US2116689A (en) * 1936-03-18 1938-05-10 Gen Electric Infrared generator
US2330850A (en) * 1940-12-13 1943-10-05 Raytheon Mfg Co Flectrical gaseous discharge lamp

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733377A (en) * 1951-10-06 1956-01-31 Incandescent lamp comprising two
US2859368A (en) * 1951-10-20 1958-11-04 Sylvania Electric Prod Heat lamp

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