US2543653A - Liquefied fuel tank safety means - Google Patents

Liquefied fuel tank safety means Download PDF

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Publication number
US2543653A
US2543653A US675816A US67581646A US2543653A US 2543653 A US2543653 A US 2543653A US 675816 A US675816 A US 675816A US 67581646 A US67581646 A US 67581646A US 2543653 A US2543653 A US 2543653A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel tank
safety means
gases
meter
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US675816A
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Woog Paul
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Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
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Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/12—Devices or methods for making a gas mixture for a combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0763—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2514—Self-proportioning flow systems
    • Y10T137/2516—Interconnected flow displacement elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86292—System with plural openings, one a gas vent or access opening
    • Y10T137/86324—Tank with gas vent and inlet or outlet

Definitions

  • LIQUEFIED FUEL TANK SAFETY MEANS Filed June 10, 1946 I INVENTOR Paul Woojr BY EYS Patented Feb. 27, 1951 LIQUEFIED FUEL TANK SAFETY MEANS Paul Woog, Paris, France, assignor to Compagnie Francaise de Raflinage (Societe Anonyme),
  • the present invention relates to a method and to devices for carrying it out which eliminate this drawback and provide complete safety.
  • the invention which is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, essentially consists in fluidtightly closing the heat-insulated tank A in which is located the liquefied gas B. Said gas is drawn off, in any suitable manner, in the liquid state, at H, and used, after evaporation, as a fuel in the engine.
  • An exhaust pipe conveys the gases which are evolved above the liquid to .a device DE through which they pass and which measures them and compulsorily mixes them with a quantity of air, or optionally with another gas,
  • the concentration of methane at the lower limit of inflammability of methane-air mixtures is about 5%, and hence if the tank A contains liquid methane the vapors withdrawn therefrom should be mixed with at least 20 times their volume of air. It is only after this intimate mixing, which makes the gases harmless, that it is possible for the mixture (gas+air) to escape outside.
  • the invention furthermore comprises various devices for enabling this method to be carried out:
  • a kind of double gas meter is used, one stage D of which receives the gases issuing from the tank A.
  • the compartment drum of this meter is secured to the compartment drum of a second meter E which sucks in and measures the air to 1 be added to the gas.
  • the first meter D acts as a motor by the effect of the slight pressure of the gas contained in the tank above the liquefied gas.
  • the meter of the second stage E acts as a pump and, driven by D, sucks in the air and delivers it to the mixer F, which is provided with bafiies (not shown) for completing the mixture and with safety devices (wire gauze, for instance) preventing any accidental flash-back.
  • the mixture escapes at G into the atmosphere.
  • the meters D and E may be the conventional and well-known liquid displacement meters of the rotating drum type such as are used for measuring domestic gas consumption.
  • the rotatable drums of the meters D and E are interconnected by a shaft J in such manner that the drums turn at the same speed.
  • the dosing of the gases and of the air may be effected by the respective capacity of the two meters, if the drumsof both meters rotate at the same speed; on the other hand, a suitable reduction of the speed of the spindles of the meters may also be used.
  • Apparatus for safely disposing of the vent gases from a closed tank containing a liquefied combustible gas which comprises a first gas meter of the rotatable drum type, a conduit connecting the vapor space of said tank with the inlet of said first meter, a second gas meter of the rotatable drum type having an inlet communicating with atmosphere, a shaft interconnecting the drums of said first and second meters to cause said drums to rotate at the same speed and a second conduit interconnecting the discharges of said first and second meter to cause the gas from said first meter to mix with the air from said second meter, said second conduit having an outlet through Which the gas-air mixture passes to atmosphere.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Description

Feb. 27, 1951 P. woos 2,543,653
LIQUEFIED FUEL TANK SAFETY MEANS Filed June 10, 1946 I INVENTOR Paul Woojr BY EYS Patented Feb. 27, 1951 LIQUEFIED FUEL TANK SAFETY MEANS Paul Woog, Paris, France, assignor to Compagnie Francaise de Raflinage (Societe Anonyme),
Paris, France Application June 10, 1946, Serial No. 675,816 In France May 18, 1942 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires May 18, 1962 1 Claim. 1
It has been proposed in order to use various combustible gases in engines, without compressing said gases in heavy reservoirs, to liquefy the gases and then store the liquids in heat-insulated tanks; the liquefied gases, which are cooled by their actual preparation or by their evaporation are preserved in conditions which are substantially satisfactory; they are drawn from the tanks for use as required.
These methods involve a serious difiiculty, viz. the evaporation of the liquefied gases, which occurs during the storage or while the tanks are being transported, owing to the supply of heat which, although more or less quick, is however inevitable. This therefore results in an escape of gas, a kind of leakage and, owing to the combustible nature of the gases, there is a risk of their igniting at some hot point or of causing explosions.
The present invention relates to a method and to devices for carrying it out which eliminate this drawback and provide complete safety.
The invention, which is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, essentially consists in fluidtightly closing the heat-insulated tank A in which is located the liquefied gas B. Said gas is drawn off, in any suitable manner, in the liquid state, at H, and used, after evaporation, as a fuel in the engine. An exhaust pipe conveys the gases which are evolved above the liquid to .a device DE through which they pass and which measures them and compulsorily mixes them with a quantity of air, or optionally with another gas,
which is sufiicient for the lower limit of inflammability not to be exceeded. For example, it is known that the concentration of methane at the lower limit of inflammability of methane-air mixtures is about 5%, and hence if the tank A contains liquid methane the vapors withdrawn therefrom should be mixed with at least 20 times their volume of air. It is only after this intimate mixing, which makes the gases harmless, that it is possible for the mixture (gas+air) to escape outside.
The invention furthermore comprises various devices for enabling this method to be carried out:
A kind of double gas meter is used, one stage D of which receives the gases issuing from the tank A. The compartment drum of this meter is secured to the compartment drum of a second meter E which sucks in and measures the air to 1 be added to the gas. The first meter D acts as a motor by the effect of the slight pressure of the gas contained in the tank above the liquefied gas. The meter of the second stage E acts as a pump and, driven by D, sucks in the air and delivers it to the mixer F, which is provided with bafiies (not shown) for completing the mixture and with safety devices (wire gauze, for instance) preventing any accidental flash-back. The mixture escapes at G into the atmosphere. The meters D and E may be the conventional and well-known liquid displacement meters of the rotating drum type such as are used for measuring domestic gas consumption. The rotatable drums of the meters D and E are interconnected by a shaft J in such manner that the drums turn at the same speed.
The dosing of the gases and of the air may be effected by the respective capacity of the two meters, if the drumsof both meters rotate at the same speed; on the other hand, a suitable reduction of the speed of the spindles of the meters may also be used.
I claim:
Apparatus for safely disposing of the vent gases from a closed tank containing a liquefied combustible gas which comprises a first gas meter of the rotatable drum type, a conduit connecting the vapor space of said tank with the inlet of said first meter, a second gas meter of the rotatable drum type having an inlet communicating with atmosphere, a shaft interconnecting the drums of said first and second meters to cause said drums to rotate at the same speed and a second conduit interconnecting the discharges of said first and second meter to cause the gas from said first meter to mix with the air from said second meter, said second conduit having an outlet through Which the gas-air mixture passes to atmosphere.
PAUL WOOG.
REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Rice July 8, 1941 Number
US675816A 1942-05-18 1946-06-10 Liquefied fuel tank safety means Expired - Lifetime US2543653A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2760342A (en) * 1954-08-20 1956-08-28 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Means for diluting combustible gas and the like
US2856944A (en) * 1953-10-28 1958-10-21 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Means for controlling the pressure in an insulated tank containing liquefied methane
US2961841A (en) * 1957-08-07 1960-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage product removal
US3178157A (en) * 1962-05-15 1965-04-13 United Process Machinery Co Portable foam generating apparatus
US20080202589A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-08-28 Blue Marble Engineering Llc Fluid-Flow System, Device and Method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2248308A (en) * 1938-03-07 1941-07-08 Beatrice W Rice Method and apparatus for valving inflammable fluids

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2248308A (en) * 1938-03-07 1941-07-08 Beatrice W Rice Method and apparatus for valving inflammable fluids

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856944A (en) * 1953-10-28 1958-10-21 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Means for controlling the pressure in an insulated tank containing liquefied methane
US2760342A (en) * 1954-08-20 1956-08-28 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Means for diluting combustible gas and the like
US2961841A (en) * 1957-08-07 1960-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage product removal
US3178157A (en) * 1962-05-15 1965-04-13 United Process Machinery Co Portable foam generating apparatus
US20080202589A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-08-28 Blue Marble Engineering Llc Fluid-Flow System, Device and Method

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Publication number Publication date
GB618254A (en) 1949-02-18
FR976949A (en) 1951-03-23

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