US2541474A - Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers - Google Patents
Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2541474A US2541474A US685375A US68537546A US2541474A US 2541474 A US2541474 A US 2541474A US 685375 A US685375 A US 685375A US 68537546 A US68537546 A US 68537546A US 2541474 A US2541474 A US 2541474A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- solution
- silver halide
- silver
- halide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N neral Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JZLWSRCQCPAUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JZLWSRCQCPAUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Starch acetate Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)OC(C)=O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N citral A Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002508 contact lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/053—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
Definitions
- This invention relates to peptizers for use in the preparation of silver halide dispersions adapted for the preparation of photographic emulsions, particularly those using polyvinyl alcohol as the vehicle.
- the silver halide is formed in a gelatin solution, and this dispersion is then mixed with further gelatin to form the photographic emulsion.
- this dispersion is then mixed with further gelatin to form the photographic emulsion.
- Polyvinyl alcohol which is useful as a carrier for silver halide in photographic emulsions is not a satisfactory peptizer for the preparation of highspeed emulsions and, therefore, other peptizing agents are freouently desirable for the silver halide preparation instead.
- a number of colloids have been suggested as us ful in promoting the dispersion of the silver halide u on its preparation, such as starch acetate, diethanolam ne cellulose acetate, hydrolyzed gelatin and the like.
- One object of our invention is to .provide .a method of forming silver hal de dispersions which are especially useful for pre aring photographic emulsions.
- Another object of our invention is to provide polyacrylamides which are especially useful for this purpose.
- Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
- polyacrylamides wh ch are water soluble are eminently suitable for use as the dispersing or peotizing material in the preparation of silver halide dispersions for use in the preparation of silver halide photograph c emulsions.
- These polymers may be prepared by dissolving the acryla'm de in water or water-alcohol so as to form a fairly dilute solution. The method of preparing these neptizing agents is described and claimed in appl cation Serial No. 685,378 of Minsk, Kenyon, and Van Campen filed of even date, now U. S. Patent No. 2,486,191.
- These water-soluble polyacrylamides contain 15-20% of combined acryl mide and usually less than 1% of combined acrylic acid.
- the useful range of specific viscosity of these polymeric compounds i 0.09-0.225. This viscosity is determined by dissolving of a gram of the polyacrylamide in water to form 100 cc. of solution. The relative viscosity of the polymeric compound is that of the solution divided by that of a like amount of solvent without any polymers in solution therein. The specific viscosity is determined by subtracting one from the relative viscosity determined.
- these polyacrylamides may first be 'imidized and then exhibit properties which are very useful for the purpose specified. For instance, by treating the polyacrylamide with aqueous m neral acid.
- imidized 'polyacrylamides can be prepared either by the ac d treatment of the simple polyacrylamides or by the reaction of acetonesoluble polyacrv yl chloride with concentrated ammonia (or lieuid NHs)
- im dized polyacrylamides wh ch are useful as peptizers in accordance with our invention are found within the following ranges: combined acrylimide, 30-60%; combined acrylic acid, l-12%; the remainder being combined acrylamide; specific viscosity 25-1130 as determined by dissolving of a gram of the imidized polyacrylamide in wa er containing 25% ammon ato form 100 cc. of solution. and min mum solubi ity temperature, 5-100 C.
- the imidized polyacrylamides which are preferr d for use as pepti-zers are those having a specific viscosity of .3 to .-6%, a comb ned acrylimide content of 30-50%, a combined acrylic ac d content of -10%, the remainder being combined acrylamide and a minimum solution temperature of 30-60 C.
- These water-soluble polyacrylamides each are characterized by a temperature below which its solution in water precipitates polyacrylamide. Therefore, to get solubility, some of these compounds must be dissolved in water at an elevated temperature. In practice, however, these compounds are employed initially for peptizing in the form of their sodium or ammonium salts and in this way they retain solubility at ordinary temperatures.
- these imidized polyacrylamides are especially useful as peptizing agents in that excess potassium bromide does not adversely affect the peptizing characteristics thereof as distinguished from many other colloids which may be used for peptizing, such as, for example polyvinyl alcohol in which the potassium bromide must be curtailed by adding only as needed during the formation of the silver halide, rather than in one addition.
- These polyacrylamides may be employed as dispersing agents in various dilutions, the usual dilution used being 1-2%. In cases, however, where fine-grained emulsions are desired, it is desirable to use a greater concentration of the polyacrylamide than in the case of emulsions in which the grains of silver halide need not be so fine.
- our invention comprises the mixing together of the water-soluble silver alt and halide solutions in a dilute solution of the polyacrylamide, preferably by introducing streams of each of the reactants into the polyacrylamide solution while agitating that solution.
- the temperature may be elevated or not, as desired.
- the imidized polyacrylamides are used ordinarily in the form of the sodium or ammonium salt and, therefore, retain solubility in the water throughout the course of the reaction.
- a dispersion is thereby formed.
- the dispersion may be then thoroughly mixed with a protective colloid, such as polyvinyl alcohol, so as to form a silver halide emulsion or it may first be converted to the acid form, chilled to coagulate, washed, and then mixed with the protective colloid.
- Example 1.5 grams of polyacrylamide as described herein were dissolved in 200 cc. of distilled water and the solution was adjusted to a -pH'of 5.5'at a temperature of 110 F. Into this solution the two following olutions, A and B, were allowed to run in fine streams, solution B being allowed to start flowing seconds ahead of solution A.
- the emulsion After setting by chilling and drying, it was found that these plates could be exposed and processed in normal photographic developers and fixing baths to give photographic images of good quality. It was also found that such an emulsion could be optically sensitized with the usual cyanine type of optical sensitizer and could be sulfur sensitized to improve speed and contrast by use of the types of sulfur sensitizers suitable for use in gelatin emulsions. After washing, as described, the emulsion can, if desired, be treated with boric acid and set by ammonia fuming as de cribed and claimed in U. S. Patent No. 2,376,371, without further addition of alphanaphthol, or it can be coated on paper without further addition of any gelling agent and after drying is suitable for the preparation of photographic prints.
- hardeners of the melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehydepolyvinyl alcohol type as described in U. S. Patent No. 2,367,511 and application Serial No. 497,391, now abandoned, can be added, if desired, to give papers of high melting point.
- Example 2 -4 grams of a water-soluble polyacrylamide as described herein were dissolved in 200 cc. of distilled water, and the solution was ad- J'usted to a temperature of 110 F. Into this solution solutions A and B were allowed to run in fine streams, solution B being allowed to start flowing 10 seconds ahead of solution A.
- Example 3 3--3 grams of an imidized polyacrylamide, such as prepared by treating polyacrylamide in aqueous alcohol solution with hydrobromic acid and having a combined acrylic imide content of 41.7%, a combined acrylic acid content of 7.91%, a combined acrylamide content of 50.4%, and a nitrogen content of 14.59% were dissolved in 200 cc. of distilled water. The solution was then adjusted to a pH of 7 with ammonia and to a temperature of 110 F. Into this solution solutions A and B'were allowed to run in fine streams, solution B being; allowed to start flowing seconds ahead of A. Solutions A and B are as follows:
- Example 4.3 grains of polyacrylamide of the same type as employed in the preceding example were dissolved in 200 cc. of distilled water. The solution was adjusted to a pH of 7 with ammonia and to a temperature of 110 F. The two following solutions, A and B, were allowed to run into this solution in fine streams, the solution B being allowed to start flowing 10 seconds ahead of A.
- a method of preparing silver-halide photographic emulsions in which a dispersion of the silver halide is prepared and the dispersion is then mixed with a carrier for the silver halide to form the emulsion, the step which comprises mixing together a water-soluble silver salt and a water-soluble halide in a dilute aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of the simple polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a specific viscosity of 009-0225 and the imidized polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 3060%, a combined acrylic acid content of 4-12% and a specific viscosity of 25-15.
- a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of the simple polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a specific viscosity of 009-0225 and the imidized polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 3060%,
- the step which comprises forming the silver-halide dispersion by mixing together a water soluble silver salt and a water-soluble halide in a dilute aqueous solution of a simple polyacrylamide having a combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a specific viscosity of 0.09-0.225.
- the step which comprises mixing together a water-soluble silver salt and a water-soluble halide in a dilute aqueous solution of an imidized polyacrylamide having a combined acrylimide cont-nt of 30-60%, a combined acrylic acid content of 412% and a specific viscosity of .25-15.
- a method of forming a polyvinyl alcoholsilver halide emulsion which comprises mixing together a water-soluble silver salt and a watersoluble halide in a dilute aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of the simple polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a specific viscosity of 009-0225 and the imidized polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 30-60%, a combined acrylic acid concontent of 30-60%, a combined acrylic acid content of 442% and a specific viscosity of .25-l.5.
- a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of the simple polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a specific viscosity of 009-0225 and the imidized polyacrylamides having a combined acrylimide content of 30-60%, a combined acrylic acid concontent of 30-60%, a combined acrylic acid content of 442% and
- a method of forming a dispersion of silver Halide adapted to the preparation of photoi s; g iig i are of record m the graphic emulsions which comprises mixing to- 1 gether a water-soluble silver salt and a water- UNITED STATES PATENTS soluble halide in a dilute aqueous solution of a Number Name t water-soluble polymer selected from the group 2 7 32 Lowe Man 17, 1942 consisting of the simple polyacrylamides having a ,27 ,3 3 Lowe Man 7 1942 combined acrylimide content of 15-20% and a 15 2,299 3 McQueen Oct. 7 1942 specific viscosity of 0.09-0.225 and the imidized 2 4 1 0 Barnes t a1 3, 1
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1055759D FR1055759A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1946-07-22 | ||
| US685375A US2541474A (en) | 1946-07-22 | 1946-07-22 | Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US685375A US2541474A (en) | 1946-07-22 | 1946-07-22 | Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2541474A true US2541474A (en) | 1951-02-13 |
Family
ID=24751932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US685375A Expired - Lifetime US2541474A (en) | 1946-07-22 | 1946-07-22 | Preparation of silver halide dispersions and photographic emulsions using polyacrylamide peptizers |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2541474A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1055759A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2697040A (en) * | 1952-01-11 | 1954-12-14 | Du Pont | Photographic composition containing antiplumming and antibronzing agents |
| US2968558A (en) * | 1954-12-08 | 1961-01-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Thermo-reversible gels and photographic emulsions prepared therewith |
| US3269969A (en) * | 1955-07-12 | 1966-08-30 | Basf Ag | Dispersing agents formed by the heat treatment of interpolymers containing acrylamide and methacrylamide |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2276322A (en) * | 1940-08-01 | 1942-03-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions |
| US2276323A (en) * | 1940-12-05 | 1942-03-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic silver halide emulsion |
| US2299839A (en) * | 1939-09-25 | 1942-10-27 | Du Pont | Polymeric materials |
| US2461023A (en) * | 1944-10-25 | 1949-02-08 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic silver halide emulsions |
-
0
- FR FR1055759D patent/FR1055759A/fr not_active Expired
-
1946
- 1946-07-22 US US685375A patent/US2541474A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2299839A (en) * | 1939-09-25 | 1942-10-27 | Du Pont | Polymeric materials |
| US2276322A (en) * | 1940-08-01 | 1942-03-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions |
| US2276323A (en) * | 1940-12-05 | 1942-03-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic silver halide emulsion |
| US2461023A (en) * | 1944-10-25 | 1949-02-08 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic silver halide emulsions |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2697040A (en) * | 1952-01-11 | 1954-12-14 | Du Pont | Photographic composition containing antiplumming and antibronzing agents |
| US2968558A (en) * | 1954-12-08 | 1961-01-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Thermo-reversible gels and photographic emulsions prepared therewith |
| US3269969A (en) * | 1955-07-12 | 1966-08-30 | Basf Ag | Dispersing agents formed by the heat treatment of interpolymers containing acrylamide and methacrylamide |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1055759A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1954-02-22 |
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