US2531301A - Circuit arrangement for frequency controls - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for frequency controls Download PDF

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Publication number
US2531301A
US2531301A US675023A US67502346A US2531301A US 2531301 A US2531301 A US 2531301A US 675023 A US675023 A US 675023A US 67502346 A US67502346 A US 67502346A US 2531301 A US2531301 A US 2531301A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
frequency
oscillator
grid
cathode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US675023A
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English (en)
Inventor
Scholten Egbert
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/10—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance
    • H03C3/24—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance by means of a variable resistive element, e.g. tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/10—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being vacuum tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J7/00—Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
    • H03J7/02—Automatic frequency control
    • H03J7/04—Automatic frequency control where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a circuit-arrangement for controlling with the aid of a control magnitude the frequency of electrical oscillations generated by means of a discharge system, this circuit being particularly suitable for keeping constant the frequency of telegraphy transmitters and for the production of frequency-modulated oscillations.
  • Circuit-arrangements are known in which the frequency of the electrical oscillations produced by an oscillator is controlled in accordance with the value of a control voltage, a so-called reactance tube being used.
  • a so-called reactance tube which may be connected in parallel with the resonant circuit of the oscillator behaves as a reactance depending upon the mutual conductance.
  • the tube is connected in such a manner that the alternating voltage of the grid, to which the control voltage is supplied and the anode voltage of the tube exhibit a phase-difference of about 90.
  • the invention procures a circuit-arransement which permits the frequency of the oscillations produced to be varied through a comparatively broad range, without an additional high power tube being needed.
  • the frequency of the oscillations produced is controlled by inserting an impedance in a lead to a control-electrode of the aforesaid discharge system, the magnitude of this impedance varying with the control magnitude.
  • the said impedance or the said discharge tube can effectively be controlled by means of a control voltage initiating from a frequency detector to which the produced oscillations are supplied.
  • an oscillator circuit having an electron discharge tube I, which in the present example is shown as a triode, by means of which the electrical oscillations are produced whose frequenc is kept at a constant value.
  • the anode-circuit of tube l includes a resonant circuit 2 which is inductively coupled with a back-coupling coil 3 which is inserted, in series with a condenser 4, in the control-grid circuit of tube I.
  • the lead from the control grid to the oathode of tube I includes a discharge tube 5.
  • a cathode resistance 6 and a choke I In series with tube 5 are connected a cathode resistance 6 and a choke I; the series-connection 5, 6 and '5 functions as a leakage resistance for the discharge tube I.
  • the grid circult of tube 5 comprises a grid leakage resistance 8.
  • a condenser 9 shunts the tube 5 in regard to currents of the oscillations generated.
  • the frequency of the electrical oscillations produced by the oscillatory system I, 2, 3, 4 is controlled by varying the resistance of tube 5.
  • control voltage which is supplied to the control grid of tube 5 and more particularly to the terminals designated by ID.
  • this control voltage is taken from a frequency-detector H to which the oscillations generated by the circuit 2 are applied, for example, by means of a Winding IL.
  • the operation of the circuit is based on the fact that the frequency of the oscillations generated by means of a discharge tube by backcoupling depends, inter alia, upon the value of the grid-current, so that by controlling the value of this current (which in the present case takes place by controlling the value of the leakage resistance) the frequency of the oscillations is affected.
  • the back-coupling circuit of the present arrangement comprises a phase-shifter which, in the case under view, consists of the condenser 4- and the internal resistance between grid andcathode of the tube I.
  • the condenser 4 is a condenser having a low capacity (for example about 40 micromicrofarads at a frequency of 3 mc./s., whereas the normal value is 300 micromicrofarads) Owing to the phase-displacement brought about by the element the frequency of the oscillations generated no longer coincides with the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit 2. In fact, this adjusts itself so far from the resonance frequency that across the circuit 2 occurs a substantially as great, but opposite phase displacement as across the back-coupling circuit. If, consequently, the magnitude of the phasedisplacement across the back-coupling circuit is changed, the frequency of the oscillations generated varies at the same time.
  • a low capacity for example about 40 micromicrofarads at a frequency of 3 mc./s., whereas the normal value is 300 micromicrofarads
  • the frequency of the oscillations generated is adjusted approximately at the centre of the desired control range. This may, for instance, occur by adjustment of the cathode resistance 6 or by giving the control tube a suitable bias.
  • control voltage assumes a value deviating from zero, the value of the leakage -resistance constituted by the control tube 5 varies likewise, with the result that the frequency of the oscillations generated by means of the oscillator tube I is varied.
  • the control voltage should, of course, be supplied to the terminals l0 in such a manner that, if for example, the frequency of the oscillations generated should tend to increase, the resistance variation of tube 5 shows a tendency to counteract this frequency increase.
  • the circuit-arrangement may advantageously be used for keeping constant the frequency of telegraphy transmitters, since the frequency of the oscillations transmitted varies due to the signalling. These frequency variations can be suppressed completely or substantially completely by using this circuit-arrangement.
  • the invention may also be used to generate frequency-modulated electrical oscillations.
  • the modulation voltage may effectively be supplied to the terminals ll) of the circuit shown in the drawing.
  • A' 'circuit'arrangement for varying'the frequencyof an oscillator in response to variations of a control voltage comprising an oscillator tube having an anode, a control grid and a cathode, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode'of'said oscillator tube to determine the frequency of'said oscillator, a coil inductively coupled to said resonant circuit; means coupling said coil between the grid and cathode of said oscillator tube to couple the grid in feedback relationship substantially out of phase with respect to the anode of said oscillator tube, a variable impedance element coupled between the cathode and the control grid of said oscillator tube, and means responsive to said variations of said control voltage to vary the impedance value of said impedance element thereby to effect a shift in phase away from said 180 relationship and vary the frequency of said oscillator.
  • a circuit arrangement for varying the frequency of an oscillator about a determined frequency value in response to variations of a control voltage comprising an oscillator tube having an anode, a control grid and a cathode, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to determine the frequency of said oscillator, a coil inductively coupled to said resonant circuit, a capacitor coupling said coil between the grid and cathode of said oscillator tube to couple the grid in feedback relationship to the anode of said oscillator tube, a control tube having an anode, a grid and a cathode, the anode of said control tube being coupled to the cathode of said oscillator tube, a first resistor, a second capacitor, means to connect said first resistor and said second capacitor in series between the grid of said control tube and the cathode of said oscillator tube, means to apply said control voltage across said first resistor, a second resistor, an inductor,
  • a circuit arrangement for maintaining the frequency of an oscillator constant at a given value in response to a control voltage having variations'proportional to the frequency deviations of said oscillator comprising an oscillator tube having an anode, a control grid and a cathode, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to determine the frequency of said oscillator, a coil inductively coupled to said resonant circuit, a capacitor coupling said coil between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to couple the grid in feedback relationship to the grid of said oscillator tube, a control tube having an anode, a grid and a cathode, the anode of said control tube being coupled to the cathode of said oscillator tube, a first resistor, a second capacitor, means to connect said first resistor and said second capacitor in series between the grid of said control tube and the cathode of said oscillator tube, means'to apply said control voltage across said first
  • a circuit arrangement for maintaining the frequency of an oscil ator constant at a given frequency value comprising an oscillator tube having'an anode. a control grid and a cathode, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to determine the frequency of said oscillator, a coil inductively coupled to said resonant circuit, a capacitor coupling said coil between the grid and cathode of said oscillator tube to couple the grid in feedback relationship to the anode of said oscillatortube, a frequency responsive detector coupled to said resonant circuit to derive a potential proportional to the frequency deviation from said given frequency value, a control tube having an anode, a grid and a cathode, the anode of said control tube being coupled to the cathode of said oscillator tube, a first resistor, a second capacitor, means to connect said first resistor and said second capacitor in series between the grid of said control 1 tube and the cathode of said oscillator tube
  • a circuit arrangement for maintaining the frequency of an oscillator constant at a given frequency value comprising an oscillator tube having an anode, a control grid and a cathode, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to determine the frequency of said oscillator, a coil inductively coupled to said resonant circuit, a capacitor coupling said coil between the grid and cathode of said oscillator tube, a frequency responsive detector coupled to said resonant circuit, a control tube having an anode, a grid and a cathode, the anode of said control tube being coupled to the cathode of said oscillator tube, a first resistor, a second capacitor, means to connect said first resistor and said second capacitor in series between the grid of said control tube and the cathode of said oscillator tube, means to couple said frequency responsive detector across said first resistor, a second resistor, an inductor, and means to connect said second resistor and said induct
  • an oscillator circuit arrangement in which the oscillator is adapted to be controlled by application of a control voltage
  • the combination comprising an oscillator tube having an anode, a cathode and at least one control grid, a resonant circuit coupled between the anode and cathode of said oscillator tube to determine the basic frequency of the oscillator, means coupling the anode in feedback relationship to the grid of said oscillator tube, a reactance element interposed in the feedback path between the anode and the grid of said tube and having a given reactance value, an auxiliary grid-controlled discharge tube hav- 7 ing a variable impedance of the same order of magnitude as aid given reactance value coupled 7 between the cathode and grid of said oscillator tube, and means to apply said control voltage to said auxiliary grid-controlled tube whereby the frequency of said oscillator varies in response to said control voltage.

Landscapes

  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)
US675023A 1945-02-08 1946-06-07 Circuit arrangement for frequency controls Expired - Lifetime US2531301A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE256375X 1945-02-08

Publications (1)

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US2531301A true US2531301A (en) 1950-11-21

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US675023A Expired - Lifetime US2531301A (en) 1945-02-08 1946-06-07 Circuit arrangement for frequency controls

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US (1) US2531301A (no)
BE (1) BE458146A (no)
CH (1) CH256375A (no)
FR (1) FR923304A (no)
GB (1) GB607798A (no)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2848610A (en) * 1953-05-25 1958-08-19 Vitro Corp Of America Oscillator frequency control apparatus
US2887579A (en) * 1953-11-19 1959-05-19 Gen Precision Lab Inc Pulse repetition frequency generator and driver
US2959745A (en) * 1957-03-06 1960-11-08 Donald D Grieg Control means for transistor oscillators
US3128462A (en) * 1959-07-02 1964-04-07 Aircraft Armaments Inc Test arrangement
US3373374A (en) * 1966-06-01 1968-03-12 Gen Precision Systems Inc Self-tunable vehicle presence detector system
US4015216A (en) * 1974-07-31 1977-03-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Frequency-voltage converter and a stabilized pulse generator using it
WO2011058431A2 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding arc apparel with uv activated images and method for detecting uv radiation
DE202013012121U1 (de) 2012-10-05 2015-08-03 Lincoln Global, Inc. Schweißlichtbogenkleidung mit UV- oder Thermochrom aktivierten Bildern

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB166594A (en) * 1919-09-27 1921-07-11 Sydney Brydon Improvements in wireless telegraphy, wireless telephony and the like
US1683012A (en) * 1928-09-04 Thomas
US1997084A (en) * 1930-04-04 1935-04-09 Telefunken Gmbh Regenerative tube generator
US2265016A (en) * 1940-02-29 1941-12-02 Sidney Y White Electrical oscillation generator
US2349885A (en) * 1941-10-25 1944-05-30 Rca Corp Oscillation generator
US2397701A (en) * 1940-02-20 1946-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency control in ultra high frequency circuit

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1683012A (en) * 1928-09-04 Thomas
GB166594A (en) * 1919-09-27 1921-07-11 Sydney Brydon Improvements in wireless telegraphy, wireless telephony and the like
US1997084A (en) * 1930-04-04 1935-04-09 Telefunken Gmbh Regenerative tube generator
US2397701A (en) * 1940-02-20 1946-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency control in ultra high frequency circuit
US2265016A (en) * 1940-02-29 1941-12-02 Sidney Y White Electrical oscillation generator
US2349885A (en) * 1941-10-25 1944-05-30 Rca Corp Oscillation generator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2848610A (en) * 1953-05-25 1958-08-19 Vitro Corp Of America Oscillator frequency control apparatus
US2887579A (en) * 1953-11-19 1959-05-19 Gen Precision Lab Inc Pulse repetition frequency generator and driver
US2959745A (en) * 1957-03-06 1960-11-08 Donald D Grieg Control means for transistor oscillators
US3128462A (en) * 1959-07-02 1964-04-07 Aircraft Armaments Inc Test arrangement
US3373374A (en) * 1966-06-01 1968-03-12 Gen Precision Systems Inc Self-tunable vehicle presence detector system
US4015216A (en) * 1974-07-31 1977-03-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Frequency-voltage converter and a stabilized pulse generator using it
WO2011058431A2 (en) 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding arc apparel with uv activated images and method for detecting uv radiation
DE202013012121U1 (de) 2012-10-05 2015-08-03 Lincoln Global, Inc. Schweißlichtbogenkleidung mit UV- oder Thermochrom aktivierten Bildern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR923304A (fr) 1947-07-03
GB607798A (en) 1948-09-06
CH256375A (fr) 1948-08-15
BE458146A (no)

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