US2530948A - Electron injection space discharge device - Google Patents

Electron injection space discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2530948A
US2530948A US55681A US5568148A US2530948A US 2530948 A US2530948 A US 2530948A US 55681 A US55681 A US 55681A US 5568148 A US5568148 A US 5568148A US 2530948 A US2530948 A US 2530948A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
control electrode
hollow
cavity resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US55681A
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English (en)
Inventor
Albert M Clogston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL737301204A priority Critical patent/NL146577B/xx
Priority to BE489608D priority patent/BE489608A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US55681A priority patent/US2530948A/en
Priority to DEP41179A priority patent/DE825432C/de
Priority to CH275604D priority patent/CH275604A/de
Priority to FR985843D priority patent/FR985843A/fr
Priority to GB26159/49A priority patent/GB665059A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2530948A publication Critical patent/US2530948A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/30—Angle modulation by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C3/32—Angle modulation by means of transit-time tube the tube being a magnetron

Definitions

  • This invention relates to space discharge devices such as oscillators and modulators and more particularly to electron injection devices, that is,
  • a feature of the invention is a central rod or control electrode contained within the cavity resonator in the position ordinarily occupied by a cathode and physically and conductively separated irom the cathode.
  • a further feature of the invention is that the resulting device is useful either as an amplitude modulator or as a frequency modulator in addition to acting as a generator of oscillations.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the magnetron as viewed from the side;
  • Fig. 2 is an end view of the magnetron of Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the device of Fig. 1 partially in section;
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device of Fig. 1 sectioned as indicated by the arrow 44 in Fig. 2 and combined with a schematic diagram of electrical connection;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view as indicated by'the arrow 5 in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view as indicated by the arrow 3 in Fig. 3;
  • Figs. 7 and 8 are plots of the operational characteristics of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 6 inclusive. v
  • a cathode l is mounted coaxially within a hollow control
  • a plurality of conductive fins 3 are arranged about a center rod or central control electrode 4 as shown in'Fis. 5.
  • the center rod 4 and the cathode are mounted on a common axis,-
  • are provided and may be set in notches in the fins 3 as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Straps 34" and 3
  • a probe 5 is conductively connected to one of the fins 3 as shown in Fig.3. 1
  • One or'more viewing tubes I maybe provided if desired, so that internal conditions within the device may 2 be observed visually during actual operation. The use of the viewing tube is recommended particularly in the case of experimental devices and may well be dispensed with particularly if the magnetrons are to be produced by mass production methods.
  • Magnetic pole-pieces 1 are provided at each end of the magnetron assembly for the introduction of the required magnetic field for magnetron operation in well-known manner.
  • the polepieces I are preferably hollow, the cathode I be ing supported within and by means of one such pole-piece and the center rod 4 being supported within and by means of the pole-piece at the opposite end of the device.
  • a tubulation 8 is provided and sealed off after evacuation of the device in well-known manner.
  • fins 3 and center rod 4 are all contained within external conductive shell 25 which is shown as cylindrical and having end plates 32 and 33 to which are attached the magnetic pole-pieces I.
  • the cathode I contains a heating element 34 and is attached to a hollow conductive tube 35 which is supported within another hollow tube 36 attached to the magnetic pole-pieces I.
  • the members 35 and 36 are insulatingly Joined by a vitreous seal 31 which supports the member 35 and 40 which also serve as part of the vacuum,
  • the control anode 2 is conductively attached to a supporting rod 4! and a conductive tube 42 which latter is held within a hollow conductive tube 43 and spaced therefromby means of a vitreous seal 44.
  • the center rod 4 is conductively attached to a conductive tube 45 surrounded by another conductive tube 46, the tubes 45 and 46 being joined by a vitreous seal 41.
  • the probe 5 extends into a wave guide fitting 21.
  • the probe 5 and connection thereto are surrounded by a hollow conductive tube 48 which is conductively connected to the shell 25.
  • a source ll) of alternating potential connected through a transformer 3 is provided for heating the heater 34 to a sufficient temperature for 00- pious electron emission.
  • a battery it is provided to'produce a potential difference between the cathode l and the magnetron anode assembly II, the latter comprising the fins 3, straps 30, 3
  • a potential difference of 1250 volts by opening the switch 28 and closing a reversing switch ll thereby connecting a battery I! in either polarity according to whether the switch II is thrown upward or downward.
  • the battery ll may be shunted by a condenser H.
  • the battery l3 may have connected in series therewith a choke coil l4 which, together with a condenser I5 which may be connected by means of a switch l6, forms an alternating current input circuit for a source ll of modulating potential which has one side connected to ground at 2!.
  • Another source of modulating potential 23 may be connected between ground 24 and through a switch 22 and a condenser 2
  • a choke coil 20 is provided as part of the input circuit of the source 23, the coil being-in series connection with the battery [9 when the switch I! is closed.
  • the device will deliver approximately 10 watts into the wave guide 21 by means of the probe antenna 5, provided the wave guide 21 is terminated in a matched impedance. Approximately 60 milliamperes will flow to the oscillatory circuit 50 and approximately 3 milliamperes will flow to the control anode 2.
  • the electrons move in orbits around the center rod in such a way as to be in angular resonance with any radio frequency fieldexisting in the oscillator circuit.
  • This action in this region is in every way similar to that occurring in a conventional magnetron and results in the same oscillation.
  • the device illustrated differs from a conventional magnetron in that the electrons do not originate in the immediate region of the oscillatory circuit but are injected into this region from a cathode displaced axially a short distance from the oscillatory circuit. Because of this physical separation of the cathode and oscillatory circuit, control of the electron flow is not limited to the effect of the plate volt.
  • the source ll of modulating power is shown in position to be connected to the control anode 2 by closing the switch IS.
  • the choke ll insures that a high impedance will be offered to the source H.
  • this battery is by-passed by the condenser l2.
  • the device shown is adaptable, by means of design modifications which will be evident to those skilled in the art, to make the device suitable for higher voltage operation.
  • the actual physical separation of the cathode I from the center rod 4 is also advantageous. Because of this separation, it is possible to vary the electric gradient in the interaction space between the center rod I and the oscillatory circuit 50 without changing the potential between the cathode l' and the oscillatory circuit 50.
  • This operation can be carried out by opening the switch 26 and inserting a voltage from the source l9 through the reversing switch l8 into the connection to the center rod 4.
  • the effect of varying the potential of the battery 10 is shown in Fig. 8. As the voltage Va of the center rod with respect to the cathode I changes from volts to +300 volts, the power output Po goes from zero to a maximum value and back to zero again. Over this range, the frequency shifts by 20 megacycles per second.
  • the choke helps to load for the source 23.
  • a space discharge device comprising a cathode and a central control electrode nonemissive of secondary electrons coaxially mounted and spaced apart from each other longitudinally, a hollow control anode surrounding said cathode, and a main anode surrounding said central control electrode.
  • a space discharge device comprising a hollow anode, a central control electrode non-emissive of secondary electrons surrounded by and mounted within said anode, a cathode external to said anode and spaced apart from said central control electrode and from said anode, means adjacent to said cathode to draw electrons away from said cathode, and means adjacent to said cathode and said anode to inject electrons so drawn away from said cathode into the space between said anode and said central control electrode.
  • a space discharge device comprising a cavity resonator, a main anode mounted within said cavity resonator and having a central hollow space therein, a central control electrode nonemissive of secondary electrons mounted within the said central hollow space of said main anode and insulated from said cavity resonator and said main anode, a cathode spaced apart from said central control electrode and mounted coaxially with the same and insulated from said cavity reprovide a high impedance senator and said main anode, and a hollow control electrode mounted coaxially with said cathode and surrounding the same and insulated from said cavity resonator and said main anode.
  • An injection magnetron comprising a cavity resonator, a cathode centrally mounted within said cavity resonator, a hollow control electrode surrounding said cathode, a central control electrode non-emissive of secondary electrons mounted within said cavity resonator coaxially with said cathode and longitudinally displaced therefrom, and means adjacent to said cathode and said central control electrode to maintain a steady magnetic field within said cavity resonator in the direction of the common axis of said electrodes.
  • An injection magnetron comprising a cavity resonator, a cathode centrally mounted within said cavity resonator, a hollow control electrode mounted coaxially with said cathode and surrounding the same, a central control electrode non-emissive of secondary electrons mounted within said cavity resonator coaxially with said cathode and longitudinally displaced therefrom, a main anode mounted within said cavity resonator. coaxially with said central control electrode and surrounding the same, and means adjacent to said cathode and said central control electrode to maintain a steady axial magnetic field within said cavit resonator.
  • a self-oscillatory amplitude modulator comprising a cavity resonator, a cathode of a space discharge device mounted within said cavity resonator, a central control electrode mounted coaxially with said cathode and spaced longitudinally therefrom, a hollow control anode surrounding said cathode, a main anode surrounding said central control electrode, means maintaining said cathode and said central control electrode at a common potential, a source of supply current connected to said main anode, and a source of modulating potentials connected between said cathode and said hollow control anode.
  • a self-oscillatory frequency modulator comprising a cavity resonator, a cathode of a space discharge device mounted within said cavity resonator, a central control electrode mounted coaxially with said cathode and spaced longitudinally therefrom, a hollow control anode surround-' ing said cathode, a main anode surrounding said central control electrode, means maintaining said hollow control anode at a positive potential with respect to said cathode, a source of supply current connected to said main anode, and a source of modulating potentials connected between said central control electrode and said cathode.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
US55681A 1948-10-21 1948-10-21 Electron injection space discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2530948A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL737301204A NL146577B (nl) 1948-10-21 Sorptiepompinrichting.
BE489608D BE489608A (en(2012)) 1948-10-21
US55681A US2530948A (en) 1948-10-21 1948-10-21 Electron injection space discharge device
DEP41179A DE825432C (de) 1948-10-21 1949-04-30 Vorrichtung zur Schwingungserzeugung unter Verwendung einer Magnetfeldroehre mit einer seitlich angeordneten Kathode
CH275604D CH275604A (de) 1948-10-21 1949-05-09 Magnetron mit hohler Anode.
FR985843D FR985843A (fr) 1948-10-21 1949-05-10 Dispositif à décharge spatiale par injection d'électrons
GB26159/49A GB665059A (en) 1948-10-21 1949-10-12 Improvements in or relating to magnetrons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55681A US2530948A (en) 1948-10-21 1948-10-21 Electron injection space discharge device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2530948A true US2530948A (en) 1950-11-21

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ID=21999486

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US55681A Expired - Lifetime US2530948A (en) 1948-10-21 1948-10-21 Electron injection space discharge device

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US2530948A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE489608A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH275604A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE825432C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR985843A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB665059A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL146577B (en(2012))

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2409038A (en) * 1942-12-31 1946-10-08 Rca Corp Magnetron and circuit therefor
US2438194A (en) * 1946-06-18 1948-03-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE664187C (de) * 1935-09-05 1940-06-06 Electricitaetsgesellschaft San Magnetfeldroehre
DE699482C (de) * 1937-08-24 1940-11-29 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetfeldroehre mit ausserhalb des Anodenzylinders befindlichen Elektronenquellen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2409038A (en) * 1942-12-31 1946-10-08 Rca Corp Magnetron and circuit therefor
US2438194A (en) * 1946-06-18 1948-03-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB665059A (en) 1952-01-16
CH275604A (de) 1951-05-31
DE825432C (de) 1951-12-20
FR985843A (fr) 1951-07-24
BE489608A (en(2012))
NL146577B (nl)

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