US2529348A - Method of making sacrifice rods for water tanks - Google Patents
Method of making sacrifice rods for water tanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2529348A US2529348A US56828A US5682848A US2529348A US 2529348 A US2529348 A US 2529348A US 56828 A US56828 A US 56828A US 5682848 A US5682848 A US 5682848A US 2529348 A US2529348 A US 2529348A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sacrifice
- wire rod
- tank
- portions
- rods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
- Y10T29/49989—Followed by cutting or removing material
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to wate storage tanks, and relates particularly'to an electrolysis sacrificing device to prevent loss of galvanization from the tank and prevent corrosion of of the joints leading to the tank.
- Water storage tanks for ordinary domestic use are generally vertical galvanized tanks which stand about 5 to 6 feet high and are usually placed in the basement or utility room of a home.
- the space between the top of the storage tank and the ceiling above is at best a distance less than the height of the storage tank, and is quite often only a foot or so.
- Galvanized water storage tanks are subject to a chemical phenomena of electrolysis which robs the surface of the galvanizing thereon and deposits the galvanizing on the pipes and pipe joints leading from the tank. This phenomena is produced because of the difference in electropotential of the'metal pipe with respect to the galvanized coating.
- the problem of preventing the loss of galvanization was solved by the pro-' vision of an electrolysis sacrificing metal having an electropotential with respect to the pipes and joints which would cause the sacrificing metal to be consumed rather than the galvanized coating. Therefore, such a sacrificing metal is placed in the tank and replaced from time to time to save the coating.
- the composite rod is difficult to fold for storage or bend for insertion into the tank, because the connecting Wire tends to bend near one or the other of the connected units rather than bending uni formly throughout its length.
- the uneven cross sectional dimension of the welded wire also contributes to the lack of proper bending characteristics between the two sacrificing units.
- the welded iron wire rod is very brittle when welded together and therefore will very often break when the device is flexed to insert it into the tank, with a consequent loss of some of the units and the annoyance of the person installing the device in having to obtain another device and thereby prolong his installation time.
- an object of this invention is to provide an electrolysis sacrificing device which is bendable and may therefore be inserted and removed from the top of a standard water tank without tilting the tank.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a bendable electrolysis sacrificing device having a uniform wire rod united to mechanically support and electrically connect a series of spaced sacrificing elements together and to a water storinvention may be had by referring to the following description'and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a sectional view through a suitable mold for casting a rod, from which a sacrificing device may be made according to the preferred embodiment of this invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a die assembly used to punch out connecting links 4'0 in the cast rod;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view througha pipe plug showing a-method of connecting anele'ctrical conducting wire 'to the pipe plug for sup portingiand grounding the sacrificing device in the improved manner of this invention.
- Figure 4 is a sectional view through a water storage tankshowing the preferred position of the sacrificing device in the tank and the preferred method of supporting and grounding the device.
- the reference character ID indicates a sand casting mold which may be used to cast a bar'25 having sacrifice portions [3 connected' by link portions M.
- the mold I0 is cored or otherwise shaped'into 3 chambers 26 to mold the sacrifice portions [3, and passageways 27 to mold the link portions M.
- a wire rod i2 is positioned in the mold to extend longitudinally through the chambers 26 a spaced distance from the side Walls thereof, and through the passageways 2? against a side wall thereof.
- the passageways are formed by cores or projections 28 extending into the mold cavity, and the wire rod l2 contacts the surface of the cores 28. Therefore, when the mold i is filled, the metal will surround the wire rod I2 in the chambers 25 and the wire rod will be cast in the metal. But the metal will not surround the wire rod H2 in the passageways 27, and there-' fore the wire may be easily separated from the metal in the passageway portions. Although it is preferable to use a continuous wire rod 12.
- FIG 2 of the drawing a diagrammatic illustration is made of the method for removing the link portions I d from the cast bar 25.
- the link portions H! are provided only for the purpose of permitting the entire series of sacrifice portions E3 to be cast upon the wire rod l2 in one operation, and of course, they make the bar 25 stiff and inflexible. Therefore, according to this invention, the link portions M are removed after the bar 25 is taken from the mold l0.
- Two die block l5 and a punch I6 are il1ustrated in the Figure 2.
- the punch 16 is provided with a slot I1 therein to bridge the wire rod l2. Therefore, punch I 6 will contact only the metal of the link portions l4 and will not sever the wire rod l2.
- a large punch press and die assembly may be used to punch all of the link portions 14 in one stamping operation, or asingle punch and die assembly may be used and the cast bar 25 moved progressively therealong to individually remove the link portions I4.
- the sacrifice portions l3 will remain united in one sacrifice device by the wire rod I2, but they will be spaced a distance apart and therefore permit the entire assembly to bend for insertion into a tank. Casting the wire rod l2 into the metal as described will also provide good electrical connection of the wire rod I2 with the sacrifice portions l 3, as well as unite the portions 13 with links of wire rodwhich have a uniform cross section and are uniformly bendable.
- a further advantage which this invention provides' is the improved method and means for inserting the sacrifice device into the tank and supporting it'therein.
- a pipe plug I8 is illustrated in cross section to show the end of the wire rod 12 bent, as at t9, and welded, as indicated by the reference character 20, to the plug l8.
- is placed on the water outlet of a storage tank 23, and an outlet pipe 22 is turned into the side 4 opening of the T.
- the improved elec trolysis sacrifice device is fed downwardly through the T-fitting 2
- the pipe plug 18 may be easily loosened and the sacrifice device pulled, partially from the tank for inspection, and if need be, a new unit can quickly be inserted, and the water supply will be cut off for only a very few minutes while the inspection and replacement is being made.
- the methodof making an electrolysis sacrifice device consisting of. the steps of, providing a substantially uniform continuous length of flexible wire rod, casting a series of sacrifice portions extending completely around the flexible wire rod and a series of link portions extending substantially on only one 'side of the flexible wire rod to facilitate the shearing, removal of the said links, and thereafter shearing the link portions from the flexible Wirerod.
- the method of making an electrolysis Satorifice device comprising the steps of, providing a substantially uniform continuous length of flexible wire rod, casting a continuous body of ma-' terial having a series-of longitudinally spaced sacrifice portions extending completely around the flexible wire rod and a series of link portions interconnecting said sacrifice portions extending substantially only on one side of the flexible wire rod to facilitate shearing the said link portions from the full portions, and thereafter shearing the link portions from the full portions and from thefiexible wire rod.
Description
Nov. 7, 1950 t us-r55 2,529,348
METHOD OF MAKING SACRIFICE RODS FOR WATER TANKS Filed Oct. 27, 1948 IN VEN TOR.
v. \x \x \x BERNARD E. MUSTEE Lu BY QM g Patented Nov. '7, 1950 METHOD OF MAKING SACRIFICE RODS! FOR WATER TANKS I Bernard E. Mu'stee, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to E. L. Mustee and Sons, Inc., a corporation of Ohio I I Application October 27, 1948, Serial No. 56,828
2 Claims. (Cl. 29148) This invention relates generally to wate storage tanks, and relates particularly'to an electrolysis sacrificing device to prevent loss of galvanization from the tank and prevent corrosion of of the joints leading to the tank.
"Water storage tanks for ordinary domestic use are generally vertical galvanized tanks which stand about 5 to 6 feet high and are usually placed in the basement or utility room of a home. The space between the top of the storage tank and the ceiling above is at best a distance less than the height of the storage tank, and is quite often only a foot or so.
Galvanized water storage tanks are subject to a chemical phenomena of electrolysis which robs the surface of the galvanizing thereon and deposits the galvanizing on the pipes and pipe joints leading from the tank. This phenomena is produced because of the difference in electropotential of the'metal pipe with respect to the galvanized coating. The problem of preventing the loss of galvanization was solved by the pro-' vision of an electrolysis sacrificing metal having an electropotential with respect to the pipes and joints which would cause the sacrificing metal to be consumed rather than the galvanized coating. Therefore, such a sacrificing metal is placed in the tank and replaced from time to time to save the coating.
However, a considerable quantity of sacrifice metal must be placed in the tank or the tank will have to be opened frequently to replace the metal. Further, the metal must be suspended within the tank out of contact with the inner surface of the tank. a
Long rods of magnesium alloy have been pro vided to insert into such water storage tanks. These rods are quite long and therefore cannot be inserted directly into the tank'because there is never sufficient head room to get the rod centered above one of the openings in the top of the tank. An attempt has been madeto provide a flexible sacrificing unit by casting individual sacrificing bars with an iron wire rod extending longitudinally through the bar. The wires of these individual units are then welded together to make a composite rod about 5 feet long.
Composite rods of this type have the serious defect of being inclined to oxidize rapidly in the welded area and thereby weaken the rod prematurely. The oxidation is rapid either in storage or in actual use, and requires special attention in an effort to prevent oxidation. Also, the
welded portion of the connecting wire is extremely brittle and unbendable. Therefore, the
composite rod is difficult to fold for storage or bend for insertion into the tank, because the connecting Wire tends to bend near one or the other of the connected units rather than bending uni formly throughout its length. The uneven cross sectional dimension of the welded wire also contributes to the lack of proper bending characteristics between the two sacrificing units. Further, the welded iron wire rod is very brittle when welded together and therefore will very often break when the device is flexed to insert it into the tank, with a consequent loss of some of the units and the annoyance of the person installing the device in having to obtain another device and thereby prolong his installation time.
Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide an electrolysis sacrificing device which is bendable and may therefore be inserted and removed from the top of a standard water tank without tilting the tank.
, Another object of this invention is to provide a bendable electrolysis sacrificing device having a uniform wire rod united to mechanically support and electrically connect a series of spaced sacrificing elements together and to a water storinvention may be had by referring to the following description'and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional view through a suitable mold for casting a rod, from which a sacrificing device may be made according to the preferred embodiment of this invention;
' Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a die assembly used to punch out connecting links 4'0 in the cast rod;
Figure 3 is a sectional view througha pipe plug showing a-method of connecting anele'ctrical conducting wire 'to the pipe plug for sup portingiand grounding the sacrificing device in the improved manner of this invention; and
Figure 4 is a sectional view through a water storage tankshowing the preferred position of the sacrificing device in the tank and the preferred method of supporting and grounding the device.
In the drawing, the reference character ID indicates a sand casting mold which may be used to cast a bar'25 having sacrifice portions [3 connected' by link portions M.
The mold I0 is cored or otherwise shaped'into 3 chambers 26 to mold the sacrifice portions [3, and passageways 27 to mold the link portions M. A wire rod i2 is positioned in the mold to extend longitudinally through the chambers 26 a spaced distance from the side Walls thereof, and through the passageways 2? against a side wall thereof.
In otheriwords, the passageways are formed by cores or projections 28 extending into the mold cavity, and the wire rod l2 contacts the surface of the cores 28. Therefore, when the mold i is filled, the metal will surround the wire rod I2 in the chambers 25 and the wire rod will be cast in the metal. But the metal will not surround the wire rod H2 in the passageways 27, and there-' fore the wire may be easily separated from the metal in the passageway portions. Although it is preferable to use a continuous wire rod 12.
as illustrated and described, it is possible to bridge the link portions [4 between the adjacent sacrifice portions l3 with a short length of wire rod to connect the successive sacrifice portions I3 into a series.
In Figure 2 of the drawing, a diagrammatic illustration is made of the method for removing the link portions I d from the cast bar 25. The link portions H! are provided only for the purpose of permitting the entire series of sacrifice portions E3 to be cast upon the wire rod l2 in one operation, and of course, they make the bar 25 stiff and inflexible. Therefore, according to this invention, the link portions M are removed after the bar 25 is taken from the mold l0. Two die block l5 and a punch I6 are il1ustrated in the Figure 2. The punch 16 is provided with a slot I1 therein to bridge the wire rod l2. Therefore, punch I 6 will contact only the metal of the link portions l4 and will not sever the wire rod l2. A large punch press and die assembly may be used to punch all of the link portions 14 in one stamping operation, or asingle punch and die assembly may be used and the cast bar 25 moved progressively therealong to individually remove the link portions I4. After the link portions l4 have been severed from the rod, the sacrifice portions l3 will remain united in one sacrifice device by the wire rod I2, but they will be spaced a distance apart and therefore permit the entire assembly to bend for insertion into a tank. Casting the wire rod l2 into the metal as described will also provide good electrical connection of the wire rod I2 with the sacrifice portions l 3, as well as unite the portions 13 with links of wire rodwhich have a uniform cross section and are uniformly bendable.
A further advantage which this invention provides'is the improved method and means for inserting the sacrifice device into the tank and supporting it'therein. In the Figure 3 of the drawing, a pipe plug I8 is illustrated in cross section to show the end of the wire rod 12 bent, as at t9, and welded, as indicated by the reference character 20, to the plug l8. A -T-fitting 2| is placed on the water outlet of a storage tank 23, and an outlet pipe 22 is turned into the side 4 opening of the T. Thereafter, the improved elec trolysis sacrifice device is fed downwardly through the T-fitting 2| into the tank 23 and the plug I8 is screwed tightly into the upper opening of the T-fitting, as illustrated in the Figure 4. Thus,
7 the pipe plug 18 may be easily loosened and the sacrifice device pulled, partially from the tank for inspection, and if need be, a new unit can quickly be inserted, and the water supply will be cut off for only a very few minutes while the inspection and replacement is being made.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particular-ity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in ;the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
What is'claimed is: a
'1. The methodof making an electrolysis sacrifice device consisting of. the steps of, providing a substantially uniform continuous length of flexible wire rod, casting a series of sacrifice portions extending completely around the flexible wire rod and a series of link portions extending substantially on only one 'side of the flexible wire rod to facilitate the shearing, removal of the said links, and thereafter shearing the link portions from the flexible Wirerod.
2. The method of making an electrolysis Satorifice devicecomprising the steps of, providing a substantially uniform continuous length of flexible wire rod, casting a continuous body of ma-' terial having a series-of longitudinally spaced sacrifice portions extending completely around the flexible wire rod and a series of link portions interconnecting said sacrifice portions extending substantially only on one side of the flexible wire rod to facilitate shearing the said link portions from the full portions, and thereafter shearing the link portions from the full portions and from thefiexible wire rod.
BERNARD E. MUSTEE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Date' Australia Apr. 10, 193-1-
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56828A US2529348A (en) | 1948-10-27 | 1948-10-27 | Method of making sacrifice rods for water tanks |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56828A US2529348A (en) | 1948-10-27 | 1948-10-27 | Method of making sacrifice rods for water tanks |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2529348A true US2529348A (en) | 1950-11-07 |
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US56828A Expired - Lifetime US2529348A (en) | 1948-10-27 | 1948-10-27 | Method of making sacrifice rods for water tanks |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2723706A (en) * | 1952-02-15 | 1955-11-15 | Andrew G Carter | Procedure for manufacturing metal-cored tires |
US2762115A (en) * | 1952-01-29 | 1956-09-11 | American Brass Co | Protecting hot extruded metal |
US2774135A (en) * | 1952-09-22 | 1956-12-18 | Louis H Morin | Method of making a multiple part anchorage |
US2807700A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-09-24 | Sunbeam Corp | Lightweight composite sole plate and method of making the same |
US2846793A (en) * | 1955-04-21 | 1958-08-12 | Hoover Co | Smoothing iron soleplate |
US2879684A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1959-03-31 | Ganine Peter | Musical comb construction |
US2881487A (en) * | 1954-03-10 | 1959-04-14 | John J Cerk | Machine for casting heat radiating fins on preformed tubes |
US2884693A (en) * | 1955-02-16 | 1959-05-05 | Textron American Inc | Method of making disc type brake drums |
US2896316A (en) * | 1955-02-04 | 1959-07-28 | Licentia Gmbh | Method for producing twin pistons |
US3088721A (en) * | 1959-05-11 | 1963-05-07 | Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co | Resilient controlling means |
US3411930A (en) * | 1963-08-08 | 1968-11-19 | Paul J. Reising | Polishable metal powder undercoating |
US3974557A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-08-17 | Coats & Clark, Inc. | Method of making hard wall fastener |
US4276923A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-07-07 | Mislan Joseph D | Method for pressure casting metal objects |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1709523A (en) * | 1927-11-29 | 1929-04-16 | Grasselli Chemical Co | Anode |
US1782447A (en) * | 1927-06-29 | 1930-11-25 | Western Electric Co | Method of forming electrical terminal members |
US2002229A (en) * | 1932-04-11 | 1935-05-21 | Jessop Steel Company Washingto | Process of manufacturing composite metal articles |
US2092830A (en) * | 1935-01-29 | 1937-09-14 | American Steel & Wire Co | Manufacture of brake controls |
US2459123A (en) * | 1946-03-21 | 1949-01-11 | Cleveland Heater Co | Water heating device with corrosion protective anode |
US2482841A (en) * | 1944-03-11 | 1949-09-27 | North American Aviation Inc | Method of making stretching machine jaws |
-
1948
- 1948-10-27 US US56828A patent/US2529348A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1782447A (en) * | 1927-06-29 | 1930-11-25 | Western Electric Co | Method of forming electrical terminal members |
US1709523A (en) * | 1927-11-29 | 1929-04-16 | Grasselli Chemical Co | Anode |
US2002229A (en) * | 1932-04-11 | 1935-05-21 | Jessop Steel Company Washingto | Process of manufacturing composite metal articles |
US2092830A (en) * | 1935-01-29 | 1937-09-14 | American Steel & Wire Co | Manufacture of brake controls |
US2482841A (en) * | 1944-03-11 | 1949-09-27 | North American Aviation Inc | Method of making stretching machine jaws |
US2459123A (en) * | 1946-03-21 | 1949-01-11 | Cleveland Heater Co | Water heating device with corrosion protective anode |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2762115A (en) * | 1952-01-29 | 1956-09-11 | American Brass Co | Protecting hot extruded metal |
US2723706A (en) * | 1952-02-15 | 1955-11-15 | Andrew G Carter | Procedure for manufacturing metal-cored tires |
US2774135A (en) * | 1952-09-22 | 1956-12-18 | Louis H Morin | Method of making a multiple part anchorage |
US2807700A (en) * | 1953-02-02 | 1957-09-24 | Sunbeam Corp | Lightweight composite sole plate and method of making the same |
US2881487A (en) * | 1954-03-10 | 1959-04-14 | John J Cerk | Machine for casting heat radiating fins on preformed tubes |
US2896316A (en) * | 1955-02-04 | 1959-07-28 | Licentia Gmbh | Method for producing twin pistons |
US2884693A (en) * | 1955-02-16 | 1959-05-05 | Textron American Inc | Method of making disc type brake drums |
US2846793A (en) * | 1955-04-21 | 1958-08-12 | Hoover Co | Smoothing iron soleplate |
US2879684A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1959-03-31 | Ganine Peter | Musical comb construction |
US3088721A (en) * | 1959-05-11 | 1963-05-07 | Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co | Resilient controlling means |
US3411930A (en) * | 1963-08-08 | 1968-11-19 | Paul J. Reising | Polishable metal powder undercoating |
US3974557A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-08-17 | Coats & Clark, Inc. | Method of making hard wall fastener |
US4276923A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-07-07 | Mislan Joseph D | Method for pressure casting metal objects |
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