US2527146A - Broad band coaxial line to wave guide coupler - Google Patents

Broad band coaxial line to wave guide coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US2527146A
US2527146A US585096A US58509645A US2527146A US 2527146 A US2527146 A US 2527146A US 585096 A US585096 A US 585096A US 58509645 A US58509645 A US 58509645A US 2527146 A US2527146 A US 2527146A
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United States
Prior art keywords
guide
wave guide
inner conductor
interior
dielectric
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Expired - Lifetime
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US585096A
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English (en)
Inventor
William W Mumford
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Publication date
Priority to NL77656D priority Critical patent/NL77656C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US585096A priority patent/US2527146A/en
Priority to GB32106/46A priority patent/GB619554A/en
Priority to FR938739D priority patent/FR938739A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2527146A publication Critical patent/US2527146A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/04—Coaxial resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions

Definitions

  • FIG 5 l/VVENTOR W W MUMFORD A TTORNE Y Patented Oct. 2 4, 195
  • This invention relates to transmission eoupling apparatus, and particularly to a coaxialline-towave guide transducer for use in a multifrequency microwave signaling system.
  • a tuner of the piston type has been embodied in a wave guide for matching the impedance of the wave guide and that of the coaxial conductor line connected therewith.
  • Such piston tuning tends to provide the system substantially with a single frequenc versus impedance characteristic.
  • the frequency versus impedance characteristic of the coaxial-to-wave uide coupling tends to peak sharply at a particular op: erating frequency.
  • reflection effects tend to be introduced in the signal system as the operating frequency varies from the particular frequency; This requires, at least, tuning the system for each different operatin frequency.
  • One way proposed heretofore to evercome such single frequency characteristic has been te extend the bare inner conductor of the cQaxial cone ductor line entirely across the interior of the Wave guide so that the free end of the inner con.-
  • ductor projects outside the wave guide. This tends to provide the coaxial-to-wave guide couplingwith a frequency versus impedance char acteristic which was substantially ,flat ,over a limited band width.
  • the present invention contemplates a coaxial 1ine-to-wave guide transducer provided with-. a frequency versus impedance characteristicwhich is substantially flat over a wider band width than any obtained heretofore.
  • the main object of the invention is to match the impedance of a coaxial conductor line and a wave guide over a broad band of signal frequencies.
  • Another object is substantially to eliminate reflection effects over a broad band of signal frequencies.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial line and the insulation thereon areextended substantially one-fifth (wavelength in the interior of the wave guide, each endwall of the wave guide has its inner surface located substantially onefifth guide-wavelength from the vertical axis of the inner conductor positioned in proximity of each end wall, and'a vertical plane embodyinga vertical axis of the inner conductor. is spaced from a vertical plane includingthe longitudinal .axis of the waveguide. Ithas been found'in prac- 2 cs that thi aQ X V Ji'tQ WaVB.
  • gu e upli is previded; with a substantially flat frequency vers moedanes c a a t st c f a per ent b nd ate-fr uen o th der of 3.000 es Cycl ssu anti y on -q ar r wavel h f om the v rtica axi of heoinns conduct r n s o n ro m th reof.
  • n em yng-the ertical a is f the inner c ndu coin ideswithaverti e lan udi the loneii tudinal axis of the wave guide.
  • It has beenfound in p a c a hi Q s sl-tO-W v u d .69 pling exhibits a substantially fiat frequency versus impedance characteristic for a :12 per cent band at a frequencyof the order of 3, 000 megacycles,
  • a tuning. plug is, or may be provided, movably mounted in one wall of thewave guide in axial alignment with the dielectric-covered inner cone ductor.
  • a further embodiment of the invention concerns the extension of the insulation-covered inner conductor'entirely across the interior of the waveguide, and the mounting ofa tubular tuning plug in a movable mannerin a ,wall of the wave guide in proximit of the, free end of the insulation-covered inner conductor and in coaxial relation therewith.
  • Such tuning plugs pr'ovide a, varie able capacity effect which tends to nullify any inductive effect inherent in the in sulation-covered inner cojnductors, and thereby further tends towiden the frequenc VQ SHS impedance charac teristics ,ofthe coaxial-to-wave guide coupling.v
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a micro wav s enali ss sm il u tratin hs s fic m-i bod me' ofthenvsntisnan sh w nava lsvae tional view of the wave guide element partly in cross-section; I v
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary ,yiew of the wave guide element ,of Fig. 1, showing a modification .of the invention
  • Fig.- 5 is a fragmentary viewv of the ,wave guide element ,of Fig. 1 showing a further modification of theinvention.
  • the term ..f.waveleng th? employed to identify the length of a dielectric-covered inner conductor in the interior of a wave guide relates to wavelength in free air;
  • the term guide-wavelength designates distance in the interior of the wave guide;
  • the term microwave denotes a, wave having a length less than one meter, and as short as one centimeter or one millimeter.
  • One known device for coupling a coaxial line to a wave guide and utilizing pistons for tuning such device to a particular operating frequency, and another known coupling device for the same purpose and extending a bare inner conductor of the coaxial line entirely transversely of the interior of the wave guide to establish a substantially flat frequenc versus impedance characteristic over a limited frequency range in such coupling device are both disclosed in the copending application of A. C. Beck, Serial No. 429,358 filed February 3, 1942, which has matured into Patent No. 2,408,032 granted September 24, 1946. e
  • a source In of signal microwaves extending over a preselected frequency range is connected to an inner conductor II and an outer conductor I2 both of which constitute a coaxial conductor line 9.
  • the outer conductor I2 is electricall connected thereto, and a, portion I4 of the inner conductor II covered with a suitable dielectric I'I extends into the interior of the wave guide I3 through an opening in the upper side wall thereof.
  • the dielectric-covered portion I4 serves to effect transmission between the coaxial line 9 and Wave guide I3 in the well-known manner.
  • a similar coaxial line 8 effects transmission between wave guide I3 and load I5.
  • the portion I4 and the dielectric I'I thereon are both extended a distance a into the interior of wave guide I3, and the vertical axis of the dielectric-covered portion I4 is located a distance D from the inside surface of left-hand end wall I6 of wave guide I3.
  • the vertical axis of the dielectriccovered portion I4 lies in a vertical plane which is spaced a distance d from a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of wave guide I3.
  • the size of the wave guide I3 was 1%; by 2 /2 inches, and the coaxial lines 8 and 9 individually included an inner conductor II of No. 22 AWG tinned copper wire, an outer conductor I2 of two braided shields of No. 36 AWG tinned copper wire, and a dielectric ll of low capacity rubber of approximately 0.196 inch in diameter enveloping the inner conductor and concentrically spacing the inner and outer conductors.
  • the source 10 supplied microwaves having a wavelength in the range of 9.0 to 10.95 centimeters.
  • the distance a for the dielectric-covered portion I4 in the interior of the wave guide was of'the order of one-fifth wavelength, and the distance 12 for the location of the end walls I6 and I6 with reference to the respective dielectric-covered portions I4 was of the orderof one-fifth guidewavelength.
  • This embodiment was found to provide a substantial impedance match for microwaves in the wavelength range of 9.0 to 10.95 centimeters with a reflection loss of less than 0.02 decibel. This involved a' frequency range of the order of :9 per cent relative to the mid-frequency of the transmitted band. Accordingly, the embodiment of the coaxial-towave guide transducer of Figs. 1 and 2 had a frequency versus impedance characteristic which was substantially fiat over a band of approximately 600 megacycles in a preselected frequency range of the order of 2,740 to 3,333 megacycles.
  • a tuning plug I9 is disposed in a lower side wall of wave guide I3 which is opposite to that through which the dielectriccovered portion I4 extends.
  • the plug I9 has an axis in diametrical alignment with an axis of the dielectric-covered portion I4, and is preferably provided with a cross-section which is substantially equal to that of the dielectric-covered portion I4.
  • the plug I9 is movably mounted in a suitable manner in the wave guide I3, and adjustments of its position serve to vary the distance and thereby the effective capacity between the inner surface of the wave guide I3 and the adjacent end of the dielectric-covered portion I4.- This tends to nullify any inductive effect inherent in the dielectric-covered portion I4.
  • the amount of the plug adjustment depends on the relative cross-sections of the dielectriccovered portion I4 and plug I9.
  • a nut 20 maintains the plug I9 in place after individual adjustments thereof.
  • the plug I9 tends to widen still further the frequency versus impedance characteristic obtainable in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the vertical axis of the dielectric-covered portion I4 is located in a vertical plane which coincides with a vertical plane'embodying the longitudinal axis of the wave guide I3 as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the source I 0 now supplies microwaves having a wavelength in the range of 8.94 to 11.4 centimeters.
  • the size of the wave guide I3 is 1 /2 by 3 inches.
  • the coaxial conductor lines are identical with those mentioned above. It has been found in practice that the distance a for the dielectric-covered portion I4 in the interior of the wave guide I3 was substantially 0.214 wavelength, and the distance b for the location of the end walls I6 and I6 with reference to the respective dielectric-covered portions I4 was substantially 0.223 guide-wavelength.
  • This embodiment was found to provide a substantial impedance match for microwaves in the wavelength range of 8.94 to 11.4 centimeters, with a reflection loss of approximately 0.033 decibel. This involved a frequency band of the order of :12 per cent relative to the mid-frequency of the transmitted band.
  • the embodiment of the coaxial-to-wave guide transducer of Figs. 1 and 4 had a frequency versus impedance characteristic which was substantially flat over a band of approximately 730 megacycles in a preselected frequency range of the order of 2,630 to 3,360 megacycles.
  • the tuning plug I9 in Fig. 3 may also be used with Figs. 1 and 4 as desired.
  • the dimensions a and b in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 may increase or decrease from the foregoing specified distances depending on the frequency range of. the transmitted signals, the variations of the sizes of the wave guide and/or the cross-section of the dielectric-covered portion of the inner conductor in the interior of the wave guide, and the on or off-center location of the dielectriccovered inner conductor with reference to the longitudinal axis of the wave guide. It has been found in practice that for Figs. 1, 2 and 4 the ter wavelength, and the dimension b varied ap- "proximately betweencone-seventh 1 and *one-zquarfrequency versus impedancenharacteristics .men-
  • Z0 is the characteristic' impedanceof the coaxial line 40
  • d is the distanceoff-center
  • W is the width (inside dimensionipf the wave guide M
  • a wave guide and a coaxial line having its outer conductor connected to said guide and its inner conductor extending into the interior of said guide through an opening in one side wall thereof, said inner conductor being imbedded in a solid dielectric substantially throughout its entire length in the interior of said guide, and said inner conductor being positioned off the longitudinal axis of said guide.
  • a wave guide having its outer conductor connected to said guide and its inner conductor extending into the interior of said guide through an opening in one side wall thereof and terminating in"the interior of said guide, and a solid dielectric gripping substantially the entire longitudinal surface of said inner conductor in the interior of said guide, said inner conductor and said dielectric thereon eXtending into the interior of said guide to a distance lying between one-seventh and one-quarter wavelength, and said inner conductor having its vertical axis lying in a vertical plane spaced from a vertical plane embodying the longitudinal axis of said guide.
  • a wave guide a coaxial line having its outer conductor connected to said guide and its inner conductor extending into the interior of said guide through an opening in one of :asald; guide, .a :solid “dielectric "engaging-substantially "the .entirev length-wise 'arealof said inner conductorlinxtheinterior of. said. guide, and
  • wave guide improximityaof said-one end thereof/and its'inner conductor extending into the -interior-.of said wave guide through an openingtin -.one-.side::wall thereof and terminating in the: interior :of said guide, asoliddielectric substantially surround-'- ingwsaid inner.
  • a circuit comprising'a waveguide, a wall for closing-:one endof said waveguide, electrical apparatus for waves whose frequencies extend over abroad band, a coaxial conductor line having its inner and outer conductors connected to said apparatus, said line having its outer conductor connected to said wave guide in proximity of said one end wall and its inner conductor projecting into the interior of said wave guide through an opening in a side wall thereof and terminating in the interior of said guide, a solid dielectric substantially surrounding said inner conductor in the interior of said guide, and means for providing said circuit with a substantially fiat frequency versus impedance characteristic 7 over a band width of at least 730 megacycles in a preselected range of the frequencies of the signaling waves being transmitted in said circuit, comprising said inner conductor including said dielectric thereon projecting substantially onefifth wavelength in the interior of said wave guide, said end wall having its inner face located substantially one-quarter guide-wavelength from the vertical axis of said inner conductor, and said inner conductor having its vertical axis
  • a wave guide, a coaxial line and its inner conductor extending across the interior of said guide through diametrically aligned openings in opposite side walls thereof, said inner conductor being entirely surrounded with a solid dielectric along its axial length, and a hollow conducting member movably mounted on one side wall of said wave guide in coaxial relation with the free end of said inner conductor.
  • a wave guide having its outer conductor connected to said guide and its inner conductor extending into the interior of said guidethrough an opening .
  • a solid dielectric engaging substantially the entire longitudinal area of said in? her conductor in the interior of said guide, and a member movably mounted in a further, side wall of said guide, said further side wall beingopposite said one side wall, said innerconductor and memher having axes in diametrical alignment, said member being movable along its axis aligned with said inner conductor.
  • a wave guide, a coaxialline comprising an outer conductor connected to :said guide and an inner conductor extending into the interior of said, guide through an opening in a side wall thereof, a non-conductive sleeve engagingsubstantially the entire length-wise surface or said inner conductor in the interior, of said guide, and a wall for closing the end of said guide nearest to said inner conductor, said ;wall having its :inner surface spaced from: an' axis of. .said inner conductor a distance which is at least-ape proximately tone-seventh 'but substantially less thanone-quarter guide-wavelength at the-mid,- irequency of the frequency band of signaling waves transmitted in said guide.
  • a combination according to claim 1 which includes a member movably mounted in a side wall of said guide opposite said one side Wall, said inner conductor and member having axes in alignment, said member being movable with respect to said inner conductor along its axis aligned with said inner conductoni i a 11.
  • a combination according to claim 1 which includes said inner conductor terminating in the interior. of said guide, and amember movably mounted in .a side wall of said guide opposite said one side wall,,said inner conductor and member having axes in diametrical, alignment, said member being movable with respect to said inner conductor along its axis aligned with said inner conductor: '12.
  • a broad band coupler for wave guide of elongated rectangular cross section and a coaxial line having a solid dielectric filling the space between its inner and'outer conductors, comprising a reflecting-barrier in said guide, said line haviing its outer conductor connected to and terminating at a broader side wall of said guide. ad jacent said barrier and its inner conductor projecting 'into the interior of said guide and ter minating therein, said dielectric continuing into thein'terior of said guide as a sheath for said projecting inner conductor, said last-mentioned dielectric being substantially coextensive with said projecting inner conductor, and said inner conductor being positioned substantially of! the center o'fsaid broader side wall.

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US585096A 1945-03-27 1945-03-27 Broad band coaxial line to wave guide coupler Expired - Lifetime US2527146A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL77656D NL77656C (fr) 1945-03-27
US585096A US2527146A (en) 1945-03-27 1945-03-27 Broad band coaxial line to wave guide coupler
GB32106/46A GB619554A (en) 1945-03-27 1946-10-29 Improvements in wave guides
FR938739D FR938739A (fr) 1945-03-27 1946-11-07 Dispositif de transmission pour ondes ultra-courtes

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FR (1) FR938739A (fr)
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2686902A (en) * 1950-07-24 1954-08-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave branching arrangement
US2829348A (en) * 1952-04-02 1958-04-01 Itt Line-above-ground to hollow waveguide coupling
US2909735A (en) * 1955-12-08 1959-10-20 Itt Twin probe waveguide transition
US3087129A (en) * 1960-02-25 1963-04-23 Mario A Maury Centerless coaxial connector
US3170128A (en) * 1963-02-15 1965-02-16 Charles R Eason Microwave broadband balun between coaxial line and parallel strip line
FR2096860A1 (fr) * 1970-07-07 1972-03-03 Radiotechnique Compelec
US4041421A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-08-09 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Stabilized locking mechanism for threaded tuning screws in waveguides
US4740764A (en) * 1987-06-03 1988-04-26 Varian Associates, Inc. Pressure sealed waveguide to coaxial line connection
US5212461A (en) * 1990-05-22 1993-05-18 Cselt-Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Orthomode transducer between a circular waveguide and a coaxial cable
US20020163401A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Zhang Henry Z. Wideband coaxial orthogonal-mode junction coupler
US20050104682A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-19 Caplan William L. Method and apparatus for microwave interconnection
US20100117757A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-13 Koji Yano Coaxial waveguide converter and radar instrument
US20110248884A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Koji Yano Slot antenna and radar device
US20160172735A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-06-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Coax-waveguide adapter
RU2655747C1 (ru) * 2017-07-21 2018-05-29 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственный центр"Вигстар" Коаксиально-волноводный переход
RU2784595C2 (ru) * 2020-11-02 2022-11-28 Ооо Нпо Юст Фильтр свч

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2106769A (en) * 1935-08-23 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of guided waves
US2128235A (en) * 1934-10-11 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Vacuum discharge tube
US2219653A (en) * 1935-12-16 1940-10-29 Telefunken Gmbh Transmission line
US2282856A (en) * 1940-01-12 1942-05-12 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron oscillator
US2311520A (en) * 1941-08-13 1943-02-16 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Coupling loop
US2404086A (en) * 1942-10-07 1946-07-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Coupling device
US2408032A (en) * 1942-02-03 1946-09-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Coupling arrangement
US2431941A (en) * 1943-11-29 1947-12-02 Rca Corp Microwave coupling device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128235A (en) * 1934-10-11 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Vacuum discharge tube
US2106769A (en) * 1935-08-23 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of guided waves
US2219653A (en) * 1935-12-16 1940-10-29 Telefunken Gmbh Transmission line
US2282856A (en) * 1940-01-12 1942-05-12 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron oscillator
US2311520A (en) * 1941-08-13 1943-02-16 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Coupling loop
US2408032A (en) * 1942-02-03 1946-09-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Coupling arrangement
US2404086A (en) * 1942-10-07 1946-07-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Coupling device
US2431941A (en) * 1943-11-29 1947-12-02 Rca Corp Microwave coupling device

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2686902A (en) * 1950-07-24 1954-08-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave branching arrangement
US2829348A (en) * 1952-04-02 1958-04-01 Itt Line-above-ground to hollow waveguide coupling
US2909735A (en) * 1955-12-08 1959-10-20 Itt Twin probe waveguide transition
US3087129A (en) * 1960-02-25 1963-04-23 Mario A Maury Centerless coaxial connector
US3170128A (en) * 1963-02-15 1965-02-16 Charles R Eason Microwave broadband balun between coaxial line and parallel strip line
FR2096860A1 (fr) * 1970-07-07 1972-03-03 Radiotechnique Compelec
US4041421A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-08-09 Gte Automatic Electric Laboratories Incorporated Stabilized locking mechanism for threaded tuning screws in waveguides
US4740764A (en) * 1987-06-03 1988-04-26 Varian Associates, Inc. Pressure sealed waveguide to coaxial line connection
US5212461A (en) * 1990-05-22 1993-05-18 Cselt-Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Orthomode transducer between a circular waveguide and a coaxial cable
US20020163401A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Zhang Henry Z. Wideband coaxial orthogonal-mode junction coupler
US20050104682A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-19 Caplan William L. Method and apparatus for microwave interconnection
US6998944B2 (en) 2003-11-14 2006-02-14 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Method and apparatus for microwave interconnection
US20100117757A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-13 Koji Yano Coaxial waveguide converter and radar instrument
US8183954B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2012-05-22 Furuno Electric Company Limited Coaxial line to waveguide converter with an adjustable conductor attached to the coaxial line inner conductor
US20110248884A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Koji Yano Slot antenna and radar device
CN102255136A (zh) * 2010-04-09 2011-11-23 古野电气株式会社 缝隙天线及雷达装置
US8970428B2 (en) * 2010-04-09 2015-03-03 Furuno Electric Company Limited Slot antenna and radar device
CN102255136B (zh) * 2010-04-09 2015-07-01 古野电气株式会社 缝隙天线及雷达装置
US20160172735A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-06-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Coax-waveguide adapter
US9972881B2 (en) * 2013-08-23 2018-05-15 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Coaxial line-to-waveguide adapter comprising a left-handed material used as an electromagnetic parameter adjusting component
RU2655747C1 (ru) * 2017-07-21 2018-05-29 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственный центр"Вигстар" Коаксиально-волноводный переход
RU2784595C2 (ru) * 2020-11-02 2022-11-28 Ооо Нпо Юст Фильтр свч

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NL77656C (fr)
GB619554A (en) 1949-03-10
FR938739A (fr) 1948-10-22

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