US2523108A - Deflection of electron beams - Google Patents

Deflection of electron beams Download PDF

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Publication number
US2523108A
US2523108A US24145A US2414548A US2523108A US 2523108 A US2523108 A US 2523108A US 24145 A US24145 A US 24145A US 2414548 A US2414548 A US 2414548A US 2523108 A US2523108 A US 2523108A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
anode
current
cathode
condenser
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Expired - Lifetime
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US24145A
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English (en)
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Albert W Friend
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Priority to US24145A priority Critical patent/US2523108A/en
Priority to FR985254D priority patent/FR985254A/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/10—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only
    • H03K4/26—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor
    • H03K4/28—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor using a tube operating as a switching device
    • H03K4/32—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor using a tube operating as a switching device combined with means for generating the driving pulses
    • H03K4/34—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth current is produced through an inductor using a tube operating as a switching device combined with means for generating the driving pulses using a single tube with positive feedback through a transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
    • H04N3/18—Generation of supply voltages, in combination with electron beam deflecting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to deflection of electron beams, and more particularly to an improved deflection method and system which is simple and economical of apparatus and in operation. Provision is also made for rectification to supply either positive or negative high voltage.
  • deflection and high-voltage supply systems employ as many as four, five, or more electron tubes, at least two of which must be power tubes, and one of the latter usually is a high-impedance pentode, or beam tetrode.
  • the other power tube usually is a damper, which may also act as a voltage-booster tube.
  • the power is applied at an intermediate point in the deflection cycle, then at the end of a trace the power is cut off for retrace and stored energy is used for the next trace up to near said intermediate point. This results in a crossover point where the stored energy ceases and power is re-applied, usually to the left of center of the trace path. Inasmuch as the trace should be linear with respect totime, the discontinuity at the cross-over point presents difliculties.
  • the present invention avoids such difliculties by applying the power during retrace and using stored energy for the entire trace, which therefore is continuous and has no cross-over point.
  • the invention includes a circuit for accomplishing such result which requires only two tubes, preferably high-current low-impedance power triodes, and they may be alike. Both triodes may, however, be mounted in one envelope.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a simpler and more economical deflection system.
  • Another object is to make the trace continuous and linear with respect to time.
  • a related object is to obtain a high-voltage, low-current supply from the deflection apparatus.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of the invention by way of example.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates another embodiment thereof.
  • S represents a source of positive synchronizing (sync) pulses which are impressed upon the grid of a power tube Ill through a coupling condenser II and secondary winding l2 of a transformer indicated generally by reference character l5.
  • the source S is terminated by a resistance l6 and connected to one side of condenser H and to the cathode of tube Ill.
  • the other side of condenser II is connected through a resistance H to said cathode, which is grounded.
  • the anode of tube It is connected to primary winding l8 as its load.
  • the arrangement thus far described may be the usualblocking oscillator circuit for generating a wave (e-l) with sharp negative pulses in the output circuit of tube ID, as indicated on Figure 1.
  • Transformer I5 has a secondary winding 20 across which is connected, in parallel, a winding 2
  • This part of the circuit also includes a by-pass condenser 23 for periodic current and a balancing condenser 24 which latter may be connected to the mid-point of winding 2
  • a second power tube 25 Across the secondary 2
  • the anode of tube 25 is connected to that end of secondary 20 which is made negative by negative pulses in primary I8.
  • the cathode of said tube is connected to one side of condenser 26, the other side of which is connected to winding 2] and (for periodic current) through condenser 23 to the positive end of secondary 20.
  • the grid circuit of tube 25 may be a known form of linearity network comprising a condenser 28 connected between the anode and grid of said tube, a fixed resistance 29, and two variable resistances 30 and 31 connected in series from grid to cathode of tube 25, and a condenser 32 shunting the resistance 3!.
  • the direct-current anode circuits for tubes'lll and 25 are connected in series as follows. From the positive terminal B+ of a source of anode voltage, the anode current passes through a centering device 35 having two variable taps 36 and 31 connected respectively to the ends of secondary 20 and yoke winding 2
  • the cathode of said tube is connected by leads 38 and 39 to one end of the transformer primary l8, the other end of which is connected to the anode of tube Ill as previously mentioned.
  • the circuit is com-- pleted by the connection from the cathode of tube H] to ground which is also connected to the negative terminal B of the voltage source. This voltage source and the centering device 35 are bypassed by a condenser 4
  • variable balancing resistance 52 between the cathode lead 38 and the tap 3'! in order to bleed-off any excess of average anode current in tube 25 over that in tube l0.
  • Other B+ loads can be taken from the point 43 of centering device 35 if desired.
  • a highvoltage secondary winding 45 is provided on transformer I5. Such winding may be a continuation of secondary winding 20 as indicated. A part (usually two or a few turns of heavier wire) of the high-voltage end of winding 45 is connected across a cathode filament or heater 46 of a rectifier tube 41, the anode 48 of which is connected to a filter condenser 56. The other side of condenser 50 may be connected to the grid end of winding l2, as shown, or in some cases to 3+ or to ground.
  • the rectified high voltage may be supplied through a lead and high resistance 52 to the cathode 53 of an image tube 55, such as a kinescope.
  • the second anode 56 thereof may be connected to a suitable point of relatively positive potential such as B+ or ground.
  • the circuit of Figure 2 is the same as Figure 1 as far as the deflecting system is concerned, but the transformer I5 and rectifier tube 4! are arranged to provide a positive high voltage for the tube 55.
  • This arrangement requires a separate winding 51 for heating the cathode 46 of the rectifier.
  • Said cathode is connected to the positive side of condenser 50, the negative side of which is connected to that end of transformer winding 20 which is negative when the primary pulses are negative.
  • the positive end of winding 20 is connected to the negative end of highvoltage winding 45, the positive end of which is connected to the anode 48 of the rectifier.
  • the positive high voltage is taken from the cathode 46 through lead 5! and high resistance 52 to supply the second anode 56. In this case the cathode 53 may be grounded.
  • are assembled with image tube 55 so as to deflect the electron beam from cathode 53 in known manner.
  • the deflection system shown in Figures 1 and Z operates as follows. Starting of the anode current drives the grid of tube [0 positive causing grid current to fiow. During the time grid current is flowing a negative voltage is built up across resistor I7 and this charges condenser ll. When the anode current ceases increasing and begins to decrease, the transformer windings I8 and 12 drive the grid very negative. The negative charge on the grid and condenser H leaks ofi through resistors I! and I6, and no action takes place until the grid reaches a potential where anode current can again flow. Then the cycle of events is repeated, The time constant of condenser II and resistor l! is selected to give a frequency slightly lower than the sync frequency.
  • a positive voltage pulse from source S raises the grid voltage to a point where the anode current flows slightly earlier than if such pulse were not applied, the pulse will trigger tube [0 and thereafter the negative pulses (e-l) in its output circuit will be kept synchronous with the source S.
  • the resistance 11 may be made variable, if desired, to permit adjustment of the free oscillating period of tube ID; in which event the resistance is called a hold control.
  • the output of tube I0 is transformed by windings l8 and 20 and impressed across the yoke winding 2
  • the anode of tube 25 is abruptly made negative at this time, thereby making the tube non-conductive.
  • the negative pulses (e2) may be about 1,000 to 4,000 volts.
  • Each pulse stores energy in the yoke 22 as magnetic fiux and starts an oscillation the frequency of which is determined by the inductance and distributed capacity of yoke 22 and transformer l5.
  • the oscillating current thus started lags the voltage by almost and provides the current change for retrace of the electron beam in kinescope 55.
  • the other half of the first cycle of voltage oscillation makes the anode of tube 25 positive and therefore conductive, which prevents the voltage from rising very high in apositive direction.
  • tube 25 charges the storage condenser 26 so that the side of the condenser connected to the tube cathode is positive and the side of the condenser connected to 3+ is negative.
  • tube 25 with condenser 26 acts as a damper for the oscillation in the yoke after the first halfcycle of voltage therein.
  • the current in the yoke winding reaches a maximum when the voltage becomes approximately zero and then, instead of decreasing rapidly as in free oscillation, it decreases substantially linearly due to charging condenser 26 at an almost constant potential. Any departure from linearity is corrected by adjusting the linearity control in the grid circuit of tube 25.
  • This controlled fiow of current (2') provides the entire trace portion of the deflection cycle for kinescope 55 by means of its yoke 22.
  • condenser 26 After several cycles of operation the condenser 26'assumes an electrostatic charge which is replenished during each conductive period of. tube 25. Another important function of condenser 26 is to supply anode current to tube l0 during the portion of the deflection cycle that the anode of tube 25 is negative and therefore non-conductive. Inasmuch as the D. C. anode circuits of tubes l6 and 25 are connected in series (as previously mentioned) tube l0 would be unable to draw its desired maximum current from the B supply if condenser 26 were not present.
  • a further function of condenser 26 and tube 25 is to boost the anode voltage applied to tube I 0, for it will be noted that the B supply and charged condenser 26 are effectively in series in the anode current circuit of said tube. Thus the generation of each current pulse in primary I8 is assisted, and its wave front steepened, by the electrostatic charge stored in condenser 26 from a prior pulse.
  • the anode current from the B+ terminal flows first through the centering device 35, then through windings 20 and 2
  • an excess of average anode current in tube 25 it can be supplied by adjustment of the resistance 42 connected as shown.
  • the average anode-currents will be substantially equal and therefore resistance 42 maybe very high or eliminated.
  • a twin power triode such as the 6AS'7-G may be used.
  • the centering device 35 (by means of its taps 36 and 3'! provides the usualv control. for centering the image in kinescope 55 in known manner.
  • a width control for said tube may be provided by a variable inductance 58 shunted across a portion of primary winding I8.
  • the rectifier tube 41 has impressed upon it and condenser 50 the combined voltage of transformer windings I2, 20, and 45, said windings being connected in series relative to the rectified current.
  • This current passes through resistance I1 and the B supply as a connection from winding [2 to winding 20.
  • the positive side of con denser 50 may be connected directly to ground or tap 36 or B- ⁇ -.
  • the polarities of the connections just described are such that a high negative potential is developed in the lead 51 relative to the remainder of the system.
  • This potential is applied to the kinescope cathode 53.
  • the second anode 56 is connected to a relatively positive point in the system, such as 3+ or ground, thereby providing the high D. C. potential required for operation of the kinescope. It is understood, of course, that the current required for such purpose is very small.
  • the high voltage for kinescope 55 is provided in a similar manner but it has a positive potential relative to the remainder of the system.
  • the cathode 46 of the rectifier 41 is heated by separate filament winding 51.
  • the connections of transformer windings 20 and 45 are reversed, that is, their outer ends are connected together instead of their adjacent ends as in Figure 1.
  • the filter condenser 50 is then charged by the rectified voltage so that the side connected to cathode 46 is positive and the side connected to the upper end of winding 20 is negative.
  • the high positive D. C. potential thus obtained is applied through resistance 52 to second anode 56 of kinescope 55, the cathode 53 of which may be grounded. Such connection adds the 13+ voltage to the rectified voltage.
  • the method for electromagnetically deflecting an electron beam which comprises, generating current pulses of short duration relative to a deflection cycle, storing energy from such a pulse as magnetic flux, and converting said flux into electromagnetic deflection current at a controlled rate continuously throughout the entire trace portion of said cycle.
  • the method for deflecting an electron beam which comprises, generating a current pulse and storing energy therefrom as magnetic flux only during the retrace portion of a deflection cycle, converting said flux into deflection current at a controlled rate continuously throughout the entire trace portion of said cycle, converting a portion of said deflection current into an electrostatic charge, and using said charge at the start of the next retrace to assist in the generation of the next current pulse.
  • a deflection system comprising electromagnetic means for deflecting an electron beam, means for generating a current pulse and energizing said electromagnetic means therewith during retrace of said beam, means for discharging the energy in said electromagnetic means, and means for controlling the rate of said discharge continuously during the entire trace of saidbeam.
  • a deflection system comprising in addition, a condenser connected to said discharging means, and means for partially discharging said condenser through said generating means to assist in the generation of succeeding pulses.
  • a deflection system the combination of a first high-current low-impedance power tube having an anode and a cathode, a second highcurrent low-impedance power tube having an anode and a cathode, an anode-cathode circuit for each tube, a transformer coupling said circuits for periodic current, a source of anode voltage, said circuits being connected in series across said source for direct current, and a condenser shunting the anode-cathode circuit of said second tube whereby said first tube is supplied with anode current when said second tube is non-conductive.
  • each tube has a grid, and including a source of positive sync pulses connected to the grid and cathode of said first tube, and a linearity network connected to the grid, anode, and cathode of said second tube.
  • a deflection system including an electromagnetic deflection yoke the combination of a pair of high-current low-impedance power tubes, each having anode, cathode and grid electrodes, circuits for said electrodes, a source of anode voltage, one of said circuits being a series circuit comprising three serially connected parts, said first part being the connection of said deflection yoke, from the positive side of said source to the anode of one tube, said second part being, from the cathode of said one tube to the anode of the other tube, and said third part being, from the cathode of said other tube to the negative side of said source; and a storage condenser connected between the first and second parts of said series circuit such to embrace the series connection of said deflection yoke and said one tube.
  • a deflection system including an electromagnetic deflection yoke
  • a magnetic deflection yoke having a winding connected across said secondary winding; said second power tube triode and said condenser being connected in series across said yoke winding.
  • a deflection system the combination of a first high-current low-impedance power tube having an anode and a cathode, a second highcurrent low-impedance power tube having an anode and a cathode, an anode-cathode circuit for each tube, a transformer having a primary winding in the anode circuit of one said tube and a secondary winding in the anode circuit of the other tube, a source of anode voltage, said anode circuits being connected in series across said source, a condenser shunting the anodecathode circuit of said second tube, a high-voltage secondary winding on said transformer connected in series with the first mentioned secondary winding, and a series-connected rectifier and filter condenser connected across said secondary windings whereby their combined'voltage is rectified.

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US24145A 1948-04-30 1948-04-30 Deflection of electron beams Expired - Lifetime US2523108A (en)

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US24145A US2523108A (en) 1948-04-30 1948-04-30 Deflection of electron beams
FR985254D FR985254A (fr) 1948-04-30 1949-04-27 Procédé et système pour la déviation de faisceaux électroniques

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586521A (en) * 1950-06-16 1952-02-19 Zenith Radio Corp Television receiver image-size control switch
US2621309A (en) * 1948-04-09 1952-12-09 Emi Ltd Circuits for producing saw tooth currents
US2655615A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-10-13 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Television circuit
US2712616A (en) * 1953-03-02 1955-07-05 Gen Electric Cathode ray beam deflection circuits
US2717328A (en) * 1952-08-04 1955-09-06 Kazan Benjamin Pulsed high voltage direct current power source
US2740070A (en) * 1952-03-15 1956-03-27 Philco Corp Horizontal deflection system for television receiver
US2749474A (en) * 1954-06-29 1956-06-05 Rca Corp Regulated high voltage supplies
US2751520A (en) * 1952-03-21 1956-06-19 Rca Corp Power supply regulation
US2797359A (en) * 1952-10-15 1957-06-25 Telefunken Gmbh Deflection circuit
US2799799A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-07-16 Rca Corp Cathode ray deflection systems
US2830230A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-04-08 Motorola Inc Television receiver
US3134045A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-05-19 Wells Gardner Electronics Combined picture width and high voltage control circuit for television receiver
US3275920A (en) * 1961-10-30 1966-09-27 Sony Corp High voltage supply circuit
CN113840442A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2021-12-24 东华理工大学 一种小型电子加速器用电子束偏移装置及其控制方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE930932C (de) * 1952-05-16 1955-07-28 Telefunken Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur Regelung der Ablenkamplitude in Kathodenstrahlroehren mit magnetischer Ablenkung des Kathodenstrahls durch saegezahnfoermige Stroeme

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB451117A (en) * 1935-01-29 1936-07-29 Cossor Ltd A C Improvements in or relating to electrical time base arrangements for use in oscillographic observations and the like
US2382822A (en) * 1942-06-30 1945-08-14 Rca Corp Cathode ray beam deflecting circuits
US2383333A (en) * 1941-10-30 1945-08-21 Gen Electric Sweep circuit for cathode ray tubes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB451117A (en) * 1935-01-29 1936-07-29 Cossor Ltd A C Improvements in or relating to electrical time base arrangements for use in oscillographic observations and the like
US2383333A (en) * 1941-10-30 1945-08-21 Gen Electric Sweep circuit for cathode ray tubes
US2382822A (en) * 1942-06-30 1945-08-14 Rca Corp Cathode ray beam deflecting circuits

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2621309A (en) * 1948-04-09 1952-12-09 Emi Ltd Circuits for producing saw tooth currents
US2586521A (en) * 1950-06-16 1952-02-19 Zenith Radio Corp Television receiver image-size control switch
US2655615A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-10-13 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Television circuit
US2740070A (en) * 1952-03-15 1956-03-27 Philco Corp Horizontal deflection system for television receiver
US2751520A (en) * 1952-03-21 1956-06-19 Rca Corp Power supply regulation
US2717328A (en) * 1952-08-04 1955-09-06 Kazan Benjamin Pulsed high voltage direct current power source
US2797359A (en) * 1952-10-15 1957-06-25 Telefunken Gmbh Deflection circuit
US2712616A (en) * 1953-03-02 1955-07-05 Gen Electric Cathode ray beam deflection circuits
US2799799A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-07-16 Rca Corp Cathode ray deflection systems
US2749474A (en) * 1954-06-29 1956-06-05 Rca Corp Regulated high voltage supplies
US2830230A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-04-08 Motorola Inc Television receiver
US3134045A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-05-19 Wells Gardner Electronics Combined picture width and high voltage control circuit for television receiver
US3275920A (en) * 1961-10-30 1966-09-27 Sony Corp High voltage supply circuit
CN113840442A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2021-12-24 东华理工大学 一种小型电子加速器用电子束偏移装置及其控制方法
CN113840442B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2023-08-08 东华理工大学 一种小型电子加速器用电子束偏移装置及其控制方法

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