US2519552A

US2519552A - Cutting machine

Info

Publication number: US2519552A
Application number: US722413A
Authority: US
Inventors: Eller Lee
Original assignee: A E RAINS
Current assignee: A E RAINS
Priority date: 1947-01-16
Filing date: 1947-01-16
Publication date: 1950-08-22
Anticipated expiration: 1967-08-22

Description

L. ELLER CUTTING MACHINE Aug. 22, 1950 s Sheets-She et 1 Filed Jan. 16, 1947 INVENTOR.

LEE ELLER k Patented Aug. 22, 1950 CUTTING MACHINE Lee Eller, Spokane, Wash., assignor to A. E. Rains, Spokane, Wash.

Application January 16, 1947, Serial No. 722,413

9 Claims.

The present invention. relates to improvements in, a cutting machine.

The machine embodying my invention is particularly adapted for the cutting of such materials as wood, asbestos, rubber, plastic, and relatively soft metals into small particles for use in the making of packing material such as. that disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,363,688 to Pollard. These small, particles are utilized as packing around shafting. The demand for soft packing is relatively great and it is essential to have equipment that can cut up the small pyramidal particles out of flat sheet material of the proper thickness at a rapid rate. Otherwisev the cost of cutting the material becomes prohibitive. It is the principal purpose of the present inven tion to provide a cutting machine for this purpose wherein the operation is simple and requires little or no attention other than to see that the sheetmaterial is supplied. to it.

It is a further purpose of my invention to provide a machine of this character wherein a plurality of cutting knives and a feeding device are operated in timed relation to each other from a single drive shaft so that the sheet material is advanced, then out by a forming knife having .angularly faced cutting edges, the formed portions are severed from the sheet by a straight edged knife while the forming knife is making its initial cutting movement and the process is repeated without the necessity of any manual control whatsoever, other than to bring fresh sheets of material into the feeding device as they are needed.

My invention comtemplates a construction wherein an anvil forms part of the base having an upright frame in which a drive shaft is supported. A guide table and feed mechanism are mounted on the base. The drive for the cutting mechanism comprises a pair of eccentrics on the drive shaft. Cutter carrying frames are mounted for vertical reciprocation in the upright frame. An eccentric shoe in each cutter carrying frame has a bearing for the eccentric on the shaft. The frames are guided by the shaft support frame for reciprocation towardand away from the anvil. (Zutter knives are removably secured in place on the frame so that different sizes of material may be cut and formed. by merely changing the knives. In most instances, it is only necessary to change the forming knives. The feeding is accomplished by a readily replaceable cam which is mounted on the shaft and which operates a feeder shoe to depress a pivoted feeding frame each time the shaft rotates. The feeding frame carries reversible feeding ratchet teeth which are spring mounted to supply the necessary lift for the feeding frame after it has been depressed. In addition the sheet guide, which guides the sheets to. the cutters, carries a series of reversible holding ratchet teeth to prevent the sheet from moving backward after it has advanced.

It is alsov a purpose of my invention to provide in a cutter of the character described a novel mechanism whereby the sheet material may be fed forward automatically at a rate that varies. with the thickness of the sheet.

The novel features that I consider characteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be understood from, the description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan View partly in section of the cutting machine;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view through the machine;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary section of the view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2 showing the knife supporting frame and associated parts;

Figure l is a section on the line 6-4 of Figure 3 showing only the knife carrying frame;

Figure 5 is a view in, side elevation of the straight edged knife;

Figure 6 is a sectional view through the straight edged knife;

Figure l is a side view of the forming knife;

Figure 8 is a sectional View through the forming knife;

Figure 9 is a bottom face view of the cutter knife shown in Figures 7 and 8;

Figure 1G is a detail view showing the knife operatin eccentrics on the drive shaft;

Figure 11 is a view in side elevation of the feed ratchet spring stirrup; and

Figure 12 is an end view of the stirrup.

Referring now in detail to the drawings. my invention is embodied in a cutting machine wherein the main frame of the machine comprises an anvil i which has two

side plates

2 and 3 fastened thereto by suitable screws 4 and 5. Abase Plate s is also fastened to the anvil I by suitable screws i. A sheet guide 8 is mounted on the. side plate 3 that extends horizontally from the anvil, the top of the guide being substantially flush with the anvil itself. The anvil desirably is made of bronze and the other parts thus far described are generally constructed of steel. side rails 9 and H] are provided on the guide 8 and utilized to mount the feeding mechanism by which sheets such as the sheet i l are advanced.

The

side plates

2 and 3 are longer than the anvil and serve as a mounting means for two cutter frame guides 52 and it which project upwardly at the opposite ends of the anvil. Suitable screw bolts M and Iii secure the guides to the side plates. The guides in turn serve as a supporting means for a cutter head bearing plate It which is recessed as shown at H to receive a ball bearing assembly 58 that mounts a drive shaft l9. A similar cutter head supporting plate 20 is mounted on the guides l2 and it on the side opposite the bearing plate it. The plates it and 20 are identical in construction, the plate 2% being recessed at 2! to receive a ball bearing assembly 22 so that the shaft i9 is supported at two spaced points.

The guides l2 and it and the plates 16 and 2c serve to guide two

cutting knife frames

23 and 24 for vertical reciprocation. These cutting knife frames are identical in construction and are illustrated more clearly in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings. Each frame consists of a rectangular portion 25 and a knife mounting portion 2%; at the lower side edge of the portion 25. This knife mounting portion is provided with a series of apertures 2! so that a knife such as the knife 23 or the knife 28 may be fastened thereto by screw bolts ac and 3!. The portion 25 has a rectangular aperture 32 cut therein to receive a shoe 33 which preferably is constructed of bronze and which has a bearing ring B l secured therein. The shoe 33 has a sliding fit with the upper and lower surfaces of the aperture 32 and can move to the right or left as shown in Figure 3 within the aperture. The shaft 9 has an eccentric portion 35 which fits in the bearing 34 of the frame 23. The shaft is also has an eccentric portion 36 off set angularly with respect to the portion 35 as shown in Figure 10. The eccentric portion 35 rides in the bearing 34a. of the frame 24. Rotation of the shaft [9 causes vertical recipro cation of the frames 23 and 2d so as to cause the

knives

28 and 29 to move up and down, the knife 28 engaging in the material first and forming it after which the knife 29 cuts the material from the sheet. I have found that this method of cutting the material works quite satisfactorily with wood. and asbestos sheet material where the asbestos is bound together with a suitable binder such as an asphalt. It can also be used to cut rubber or the soft metals and to form the particles cut from the sheet into the desired shape. This shape is somewhat of a pyramid shape so that the particles do not present two sides parallel to each other. There is some considerable variation, of course, and in the case of wood some of the particles crack or break, but the formation is sufiicient for the purpose intended and the knives can be operated at a relatively rapid rate so that the production is quite high. Note that the construction is such that the machine can be built in different widths to take diiferent sheets and of course the wider the sheet, the greater the amount of production for each rotation of the drive shaft.

The plate 2i} has spring fingers 3'! which extend downwardly and toward the

knives

28 and 29 so as to engage the sheet i l in advance of the knife. These Sp ing fingers 3? are secured to the plate 20 by screw bolts and are provided at spaced intervals across the sheet. They hold the sheet ll 4 against the anvil so that the knives can be readily stripped from the material without lifting the sheet.

The shaft is has a reduced end portion 35 which mounts an eccentric cam 39 for operating the sheet feeding mechanism. This cam 39 rides upon a cam shoe 55 which preferably is made of bronze and which extends horizontally between two upstanding end portions 4i and sf of a feeder frame 53. The feeder frame 43 is in the form of a U-shaped yoke which is pivoted by a shaft is on two pedestals 65a and 6% which are mounted 1 near the rear end of the guide 8 on the side rails e and it. The shoe it is carried by a shaft 55 that is mounted in the portions :21 and d2 of the frame 33.

The feeding mechanism comprises reversible pawls d6 which are pivotally mounted in a shaft 67 that connects the end portions 4| and 52 of the frame 43. These pawls are spaced apart on the shaft 4? and are free to pivot thereon. The pawls have the shape of a parallelogram in lengthwise section so as to present feeding tips 48 and 49 at their opposite ends. They are symmetrical with respect to the shaft 57 in order that they may be reversed when one of the feeding tips becomes worn until it is no longer serviceable. Each of the pawls 56 has two sockets 50 and 5! only one of which is used at a time to receive a compression spring 52 that urges the pawls into engagement with the sheet ll. These springs are fitted in a spring stirrup 53 which is bolted to the frame 43.

The operation of the pawls 46 is as follows: When the cam 39 moves the shoe fill downwardly the frame 43 swings about the pivot of the shaft M and causes the pawls 45 to swing in a clockwise direction as shown in Figure 2 on the shaft 41. This causes the feeding tips 48 to move to the left as shown in Figure 2 and to shove the sheet I l along the guide 8 an amount which is determined by the extent to which the cam shoe 4%! is depressed by the cam 39. When the cam 39 moves so that its thickest portion is above the shaft 38, the springs 52 lift up all the pawls and in doing so, lift the frame 43 so that the shoe id follows the cam surface and remains in contact therewith at all times. The feeding tips 58 on the pawls 36 will slide back along the sheet H which is held against sliding backward by a mechanism which will now be described.

On the opposite sides of the frame 43 two

pedestals

55 and 56 are mounted near the stirrup 53. These pedestals are mounted on the side rails 9 and it and project up above the frame 43 where a cross bar 51 connects them. Below the lower limit of movement of the frame 43 the pedestals are interconnected by a shaft 58 which serves to pivctally mount a plurality of checking or holding pawls 59. These pawls 59 like the pawls Q6 are so constructed as to be reversible. They have holding tips 60 and BI at their opposite ends. Each pawl also carries two mounting pins 62 and 63 which are used to secure springs 64. The springs 64 are hooked over the cross bar 51 and are under tension so that they tend to press the pawls 59 against a sheet I l in order that the tips thereon will bite into the sheet and prevent it from being pulled backwards.

It is of advantage to have some means by which the sheet thickness is gaged and the sheet is prevented from rising above the guide 8. In order to accomplish this, I provide a gage bar 65 which extends across the sheet between the

pawls

45 and 59 and which is removably mounted by screw bo'ltsfi'fi onthe

side rails

9 and 10. The gage bar 65 can be replaced when different thicknesses of sheet are used so that it is of the proper height above the guide-8.

Thefeedof the sheet can be varied in anumber of ways. The throw of the cam 46-as the bar 43 is'depressed determines the amount of feed given to the sheet I I. Thus, b changing the cam 39, which is secured to the shaft portion 38 by a setscrew 61, the throw of the pawls 46 can be changed. Likewise, the throw canbe changed by means of the cam shoe 4!) within a, certain range. If the cam shoe is turned so as to increase the distance from the shaft 45 to the surface of the eccentric cam 39 this will normally depress the frame 43 to a lower level and cause a lesser amount of feed by the pawls 45, since, with a given eccentric cam 39 the horizontal travel of the point 48 on the pawl 4'6 will be less for the same angular turn of the pawl as the pawl approaches horizontal position; This provides ample control for taking care of dilferent thicknesses of sheets and different amounts of feed desired in moving the sheet to the

cutters

28 and 29.

Referring now particularly to Figures '5 to 8 inclusive, these figures show thecutting knives in detail. The knife 28 has its cutting edge formed so as to present angularly disposed sections 10 and H alternating through the length of the knife. The edges are bevelled as shown, and the angulardisposition of the edges 10 and H is accomplished by grinding or cutting out the stock of the knife from the edges "iii and H upwardly along curved surfaces indicated at. 12 and 13, these surfaces meeting at the apex of the angle between the two edges Hi and H. The surfaces 12 and 1.3 are alternately formed on opposite sides of the knives as shown in Figures 7,8 and 9.

The knife 29 is a straight bar of the same length as the knife 28 and has its cutting edge bevelled as indicated at M. The function of this knife isto cutoff thesheet'while it is being formed by the knife 28.

It is believed to be evident-from the foregoing description that in the operation of this device, once a sheet is placed in position, rotation of the shaft 19 will thereafter advance the sheet and out it into particles of predetermined size and shape, The

eccentrics

35 and 35 are So disposed on the shaft ii! that the straight knife 29 is loweredfirst and then the angular knife is brought down on the material to start forming it before the straight knife has completely severed it. The material is thus grasped by the angular knife and partially formed before it is completely severed by the straight knife. After the severance the angular knife completes its stroke so as to form two groups of severed particles, one group on each side of the angular knife, from the piece cut off by the straight knife. The angular positions of the

cams

35 and 36 are illustrated in Figure 0 of the drawings where it will be seen that the eccentric which operates the angular knife trails the eccentric which operates the straight edged knife by about 120 degrees. Both of the knives are raised substantially clear of the material by the time the cam 39 starts to lower the frame 33 to advance the sheet for the next cut.

From the foregoing description it is believed that the nature and advantages of my invention will be clear to those skilled in this art. Having thus described my invention, I claim;

1. A cutting machine of the character described comprising a, base including an anvil, a guide plate for guiding a sheet to the anvil, an .upright frame above the anvil, a cutting knife frame and a forming knife frame mounted for vertical reciprocation insaid upright frame, a drive shaft supported by said upright frame, eccentric cams on said shaft, cam shoes in said knife frames having bearings for said cams, a sheet feeding frame on'said base pivoted at a point remote from the anvil for angularmovement toward and away from the sheet guiding plate, spring pressed feeding-pawls on said sheet feeding frame, and means on the shaft for depressing the sheet feeding frame in timed relation to the lowering of said knife frames.

2. A machine for cutting and forming sheets of wood, rubber, asphalt asbestos composition and the like into small pieces comprising a frame, an anvil thereon, a cutting knife and a forming knife mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil, drive means to reciprocate said knives, a sheet guide for directing a sheet across said anvil, and sheet feeding means for advancing a sheet along said guide comprising a pawl supporting shaft movable toward and away from 13, sheet on said guide,

pawls pivoted on said bar to rock in planes perpendicular to the shaft and to the sheet and extending diagonally toward the anvil from the shaft, spring means mounted on the frame urg- .ing the pawls to rock in one direction tending to move the shaft away from the sheet and drive means for moving the shaft toward the Sheet to rock'the pawls in the opposite direction and ef- "fect feeding of the sheet.

3. A machine for cutting and forming sheets of 7 wood. rubber, asphalt, asbestos composition and the like into small pieces comprising a frame, an anvil thereon, a cutting knife and a forming knife mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil, drive means to reciprocate said knives, a sheet guide for directing a sheet across said anvil, and sheet feeding means for advancing a sheet along said guide comprising a pawl supporting shaft movable toward and away from a sheet on said guide, pawls pivoted on said bar to rock in planes perpendicular to the "shaft and to the sheet and extending diagonally toward the anvil from the shaft, spring means mounted on the frame urging the pawls to rock in one direction tending to move the shaft away from the sheet and drive means for moving the shaft toward the sheet to rock the pawls in the opposite direction and effect feeding of the sheet, the said drive means comprising a shaft having a cam thereon for operating each knife and a cam for operating the pawl shaft,

4. A cutting machine of the character described comprising a base including an anvil, a guide plate for guiding a sheet to the anvil, an upright fname above the anvil, a cutting knife frame and a forming knife frame mounted for vertical reciprocation in said upright frame, said knife frame comprising rectangular plates arranged side by side and having knives removably secured thereon, a drive shaft supported by said upright frame, eccentric cams on said shaft, cam shoes in said knife frames having bearings for said cams, a sheet feeding frame on said base pivoted at a point remote from the anvil for angular movement toward and away from the sheet guiding plate, spring pressed feeding pawls on said sheet feeding frame, and means on the shaft for depressing the sheet feeding frame in timed relation to the lowering of said knife frames. 7

5. A cutting machine of the character described comprising a base including an anvil, a guide plate for guiding a sheet to the anvil, an upright frame above the anvil, a cutting knife frame and a forming knife frame mounted for 7 vertical reciprocation in said upright frame, said knife frame comprising rectangular plates carrying cutting and forming knives, each plate having a rectangular window therein, a drive shaft supported by said upright frame, eccentric cams on said shaft, cam shoes mounted for horizontal sliding movement in the windows in said knife frames having bearings for said cams, a sheet feeding frame on said base pivoted at a point remote from the anvil for angular movement toward and away from the sheet guiding plate, spring pressed feeding pawls on said sheet feeding frame, and means on the shaft for depressing the sheet feeding frame in timed relation to the lowering of said knife frames.

6. A cutting machine of the character described comprising a base including an anvil, a guide plate for guiding a sheet to the anvil, an upright frame above the anvil, a cutting knife frame and a forming knife frame mounted for vertical reciprocation in said upright frame, a drive shaft supported by said upright frame, eccentric cams on said shaft, cam shoes in said knife frames having bearings for said cams, a sheet feeding frame on said base pivoted at a point remote from the anvil for angular movement toward and away from the sheet guiding plate, spring pressed feeding pawls on said sheet feeding frame, holding pawl means [positioned to engage a sheet on said guide plate and prevent reverse movement thereof by the feeding pawls, and means on the shaft for depressing the sheet feeding frame in timed relation to the lowering i point remote from the anvil for angular movement toward and away from the sheet guiding plate, spring pressed feeding pawls on said sheet feeding frame, a cam engaging bar on said sheet feeding frame and a cam on said shaft engaging the bar to depress the sheet feeding frame in timed relation to the lowering of the knife frames.

8. In a cutting machine of the character described, a frame, an anvil thereon, guide means for guiding a sheet to be cut to the anvil, a cutting knife mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil, for severing a portion of the sheet from the advancing end of a sheet on said anvil, a forming knife alongside the cutting knife also mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil, having its edge shaped to divide said portion of the sheet into small particles, and means to reciprocate said knives.

9. In a cutting machine of the character described, a frame, an anvil thereon, guide means for' guiding a sheet to be cut to the anvil, a cutting knife mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil for severing a portion of the sheet from the advancing end of a sheet on said anvil, a forming knife alongside the cutting knife also mounted in said frame for reciprocation toward and away from the anvil, having its edge shaped to divide said portion of the sheet into small particles, means operable to press the cutting knife into the sheet and means operable to press the forming knife into the portion of the sheet about to be severed before the cutting knife completely severs it from the sheet.

LEE ELLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 2,185 Eaton Mar. 6, 1866 765,486 Humiston July 19, 1964 896,924 Lieb Aug. 25, 1908 906,572 Smith Dec. 15, 1908 1,617,486 Huston Feb. 15, 1927 1,620,354 Jones Mar. 8, 1927 1,816,806 Gangloif July 28, 1931 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 658,681 Germany Apr. '7, 1938