US2513770A - Gaseous fuel mixtures - Google Patents
Gaseous fuel mixtures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2513770A US2513770A US761158A US76115847A US2513770A US 2513770 A US2513770 A US 2513770A US 761158 A US761158 A US 761158A US 76115847 A US76115847 A US 76115847A US 2513770 A US2513770 A US 2513770A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- mixture
- gaseous fuel
- city gas
- fuel mixtures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
Definitions
- Fuel mixtures of this type are in .demand for use in metallurgical and other. industrial operations in which an intense local heat is required, as forinstance inputting metals, hardening and annealing, scarfing, melting. and welding metals and the working of lead, hard glass and silica-
- the oxy-acetylene and oXyhydrogen flames have been widely used but both are comparatively expensive, and in the case of acetylene, because of high carbon content and critical nature of the flame, unless great precau tions in use are observed, it is liable to be dangerous and costly and work may be spoiled.
- the ordinary fuel gas such as coal gas and natural (petroleum) gas supplied for general public use which will be referred to hereinafter as city gas.
- the gas mixture may be made in the first instance and compressed in cylinders and used direct from the cylinders to the burner.
- the supplementary gaseous material required to raise the calorific value and lower the ignition point of the city gas may be obtained from material compressed in cylinders and supplied from the cylinder to the city gas in pipe lines by means of suitable flow meters.
- a gaseous fuel mixture consists in city gas, propane and a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether in the proportions of the said ingredients being as follows when the city gas is coal gas:
- the petroleum ether referred to is the petroleum fraction having a boiling point range from approximately 40 C. to 60 C. at atmospheric pressure, such, for example, as benzin.
- the propane above referred to is not necessarily the chemically pure propane,'but may also be the propane fraction obtained in the refining of crude oil and containing butane with traces of other hydrocarbons, such as propylene, pentane and hexane.
- a gaseous fuel mixture having a high calorific value and a low ignition point which mixture comprises city gas as herein defined, propane and a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether,
- said petroleum ether being a petroleum fraction boiling over the range of C. to C., said mixture being in the proportion of approximately 5-9 lbs. of propane and approximately 1 lb. of the mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether for approximately 100-600 cubic feet at F. and atmospheric pressure of the city gas.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Description
Patented July 4, 1950* No Drawing. Application July 15, -1'947,-Serial N0. 761,158. In- Great Britain April 24, 1947 1 Claim. (o1. 48-197) This inventionrelates to gaseous fuel mixtures and more. particularlyto such fuel mixtures that have a high calorific value and a low ignition point.
Fuel mixtures of this type are in .demand for use in metallurgical and other. industrial operations in which an intense local heat is required, as forinstance inputting metals, hardening and annealing, scarfing, melting. and welding metals and the working of lead, hard glass and silica- For these purposes, the oxy-acetylene and oXyhydrogen flames have been widely used but both are comparatively expensive, and in the case of acetylene, because of high carbon content and critical nature of the flame, unless great precau tions in use are observed, it is liable to be dangerous and costly and work may be spoiled.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cheap gas mixture by raising the calorific value and lowering the ignition point of the ordinary fuel gas, such as coal gas and natural (petroleum) gas supplied for general public use which will be referred to hereinafter as city gas.
The gas mixture may be made in the first instance and compressed in cylinders and used direct from the cylinders to the burner. Alternatively, the supplementary gaseous material required to raise the calorific value and lower the ignition point of the city gas may be obtained from material compressed in cylinders and supplied from the cylinder to the city gas in pipe lines by means of suitable flow meters.
Various proposals with the above object in view have been made hitherto including the addition of ethyl ether to give a vapour content of the city gas from 2.5 to 5% by volume. There are, however, difliculties involved in making a gas mixture as above described from, for example, ordinary city gas by making additions to raise the calorific value and lower the ignition point and produce a gas which is comparable for the purposes above described with acetylene. Suitable materials for addition are necessarily of an easily condensable character, such as the higher hydrocarbons and gas mixtures supplied in the usual city mains consist mainly of the more permanent gases, of which hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are examples. When substances are added with a view to increase the calorific value and lower the ignition point, in many cases such substances condense under pressure in the cylinders, and when the cylinder is opened to supply a burner, direct or through factory pipe lines, imperfect diffusion of the conburner,
stream of gasmeetsthe oxygen supply there may stituent gases may occur and a homogeneous gas,
such as acetylene; will not be supplied to the Moreover, when the rapidly moving be also imperfectdifiusion with consequent deleterious eifects upon the intensity of the flame and its resulting temperatures.
It hasnow been found possible by proper selection of the-added material and the proportions inwhich it is used to produce a gas mixture which, whether used from cylinder or formed in the pipe line by introducing compressed material from a cylinder, will give a homogeneous mixture at the point at which ignition occurs and which may be used with oxygen in the same way as acetylene and produce comparable results and in some respects even improved results.
According to the present invention a gaseous fuel mixture consists in city gas, propane and a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether in the proportions of the said ingredients being as follows when the city gas is coal gas:
City gas at F. and atmospheric pressure,
approximately -600 cubic feet Propane, approximately 5-9 lbs.
Petroleum ether and ethyl ether mixture, ap-
proximatel 1 lb.
and when the city gas is natural gas, half the proportions of propane and petroleum ether and ethyl ether mixture.
The petroleum ether referred to is the petroleum fraction having a boiling point range from approximately 40 C. to 60 C. at atmospheric pressure, such, for example, as benzin.
Other petroleum ethers with higher boiling points may be used in the proportions stated, provided means are employed to vaporize the material sufi'iciently for proper diffusion with the city gas before ignition occurs.
The propane above referred to is not necessarily the chemically pure propane,'but may also be the propane fraction obtained in the refining of crude oil and containing butane with traces of other hydrocarbons, such as propylene, pentane and hexane.
Where ethyl ether and coal or natural gas are used in admixture difiiculty is encountered in that imperfect diifusion of the ether in the city gas may occur and precipitation may occur in pipe lines and regulators so that a flame of varying and uncertain composition and intensity is produced. The addition of propane with small amounts or" a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether results in a constant flow of gases in the proportions hereinbefore stated and also results in a constant and dependable intensity of city gas enables it to be used in like manner to acetylene for the purposes hereinbefore enumerated and it has been ascertained that lesser proportions than those given above are ineffective, while larger proportions than the maximum specified above provide no additional advantages.
Although a certain specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it is obvious that many modifications thereof are possible. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except insofar as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of the appended claim.
That which is claimed, as new, is:
A gaseous fuel mixture having a high calorific value and a low ignition point, which mixture comprises city gas as herein defined, propane and a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether,
said petroleum ether being a petroleum fraction boiling over the range of C. to C., said mixture being in the proportion of approximately 5-9 lbs. of propane and approximately 1 lb. of the mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether for approximately 100-600 cubic feet at F. and atmospheric pressure of the city gas.
SAMUEL H. WHITE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,565,933 Harris Dec. 15, 1925 1,584,291 Harris May 11, 1926 1,596,729 Harris Aug. 17, 1926 2,305,752 White Dec. 22, 1942 2,411,759 Seley Nov. 26, 1946 2,411,769 White Nov. 26, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES The Science of Petroleum, Dunstan, editor, Oxford Univ. Press, London 1938, vol. I, pages '7 and 12.
Ll-Iackhs Chemical Dictionary, by Hackh, 2nd edition published Blakistons Son Inc., Philadelphia, 137, page 698.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2513770X | 1947-04-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2513770A true US2513770A (en) | 1950-07-04 |
Family
ID=10908839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US761158A Expired - Lifetime US2513770A (en) | 1947-04-24 | 1947-07-15 | Gaseous fuel mixtures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2513770A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK153176B (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1988-06-20 | Himmler Kunststoff Tech | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR SEALING A LOCKED LOCATION IN A POTENTIAL HUMAN PUBLIC PIPE |
| US5315054A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-05-24 | Burnett Oil Co., Inc. | Liquid fuel solutions of methane and liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20180073446A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2018-03-15 | Bingo Interests, Llc | System to control and condition the supply of natural gas to bi-fuel engines |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1565933A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1925-12-15 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US1584291A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1926-05-11 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US1596729A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1926-08-17 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US2305752A (en) * | 1939-02-17 | 1942-12-22 | Albert Stuart Allen | Gaseous fuel mixture |
| US2411759A (en) * | 1944-02-04 | 1946-11-26 | Samuel Harry White | Gas mixture |
| US2411769A (en) * | 1946-07-01 | 1946-11-26 | Samuel H White | Gaseous mixture |
-
1947
- 1947-07-15 US US761158A patent/US2513770A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1565933A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1925-12-15 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US1584291A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1926-05-11 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US1596729A (en) * | 1923-12-06 | 1926-08-17 | Harris John | Gaseous fuel |
| US2305752A (en) * | 1939-02-17 | 1942-12-22 | Albert Stuart Allen | Gaseous fuel mixture |
| US2411759A (en) * | 1944-02-04 | 1946-11-26 | Samuel Harry White | Gas mixture |
| US2411769A (en) * | 1946-07-01 | 1946-11-26 | Samuel H White | Gaseous mixture |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK153176B (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1988-06-20 | Himmler Kunststoff Tech | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR SEALING A LOCKED LOCATION IN A POTENTIAL HUMAN PUBLIC PIPE |
| US5315054A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-05-24 | Burnett Oil Co., Inc. | Liquid fuel solutions of methane and liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20180073446A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2018-03-15 | Bingo Interests, Llc | System to control and condition the supply of natural gas to bi-fuel engines |
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