US2507722A

US2507722A - Cylinder head construction for water-cooled engines

Info

Publication number: US2507722A
Application number: US743364A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fred A Lee
Original assignee: International Harverster Corp
Current assignee: Navistar Inc
Priority date: 1947-04-23
Filing date: 1947-04-23
Publication date: 1950-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 1967-05-16

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet 1 F. A. LEE

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR WATER COOLED ENGINES J FRED A. LEE y PMQ- 3M ATTORNEY May 16, 1950 Filed April 25, 1947 F. A. LEE

May 16, 1950 CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR WATER COOLED ENGINES Filed April 23, 1947 N w z I t w 9w Y a m" WED M A a E; \N m M w W w m W A G W N F MM V b\.um I. P QR w m QM aw EN mm NHQK A I M6 0 o Q MMAV OQG OQWQMQ o @WWWG v E E I Q: EE C 5% F. A. LEE

May 16, 1950 CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR WATER COOLED ENGINES Filed April 23, "1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR- FRED A. LEE

ATTORNEY BJPmULG- PM F. A. LEE

May 16, 1950 CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR WATER COOLED ENGINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 23, 1947 5M mLp N D@ E,. R M 3 v! 8 m I A TTOR/VEY Patented May 16, 195

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR VVATER-COOLED ENGINES Fred A. Lee, Fort Wayne, Ind., assignor to International Harvester Company, a corporation of New Jersey Application April 23, 1947, Serial No. 743,364

16 Claims.

i This invention relates to a cylinder head for internal combustion engines and the like and more particularly to a cylinder head of the fabricated light-wei ht sheet metal type.

The advantages of fabricated cylinder heads and similar engine components are well known. It is also well known that these advantages cannot always be easily and inexpensively achieved. In the design and construction of fabricated cylinder heads, for example, various problems must be taken into consideration and it has heretofore been rather difiicult to eliminate all these problems and provide a satisfactory structure.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved fabricated cylinder head in which the component partsare fabricated as units to as great an extent as possible and then assembled to complete the head. An important object is to provide the main structure'of the head as a plurality of plates assembled to provide generally a box-like structure. Other objects are to provide suitable openings in the plates to accommodate individual combustion chambers, valve openings, spark plug openings, andexhaust and intake openings and ports therefor in connection with the combustion chambers. Still another object is to construct the cylinder head in such a manner that it may be readily connected to the coolant circulating system of certain conventional types of internal combustion engines.

The foregoing and other important objects will appear in greater detail in the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying sheets of drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a preferred form of fabricated cylinder head.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the cylinder head as viewed along the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a side view taken from the other side of the head, as indicated by the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an end elevation taken of one end of the head as viewed along the line i-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an end view of the other end of the head as viewed along the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a transverse sectional view through the head taken on the line 68 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view through the head taken on the line 7-! of Figure 1.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 8--8 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary view taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 8 and showing one of the Siamese manifold ports.

Figure 10 is an enlarged exploded view showing the components in end-elevation that make up thehead structure.

The cylinder head chosen for the purposes of illustration comprises a bottomor base plate 23, of generally rectangular shapahaving one longitudinal edge thereof bent upwardly to form a longitudinal vertical side wall or plate 2|. The upper edge of the plate 2| is rigidly secured by Welding or brazing, as indicated 2.1222, to a generally rectangular upper or top plate 23. The

plates

26 and 23 are preferably parallel and are spaced vertically apart at one edge of the head structure by the side wall 2| and at the other side of the headbya plurality of vertical tubular spacers 2d, additional spacers "25 bein provided in longitudinally spacedrelation adjacent the side wall 2| (Figures 6 and 8). The ends of the head structure are closed by opposite end walls 26 (Figures 3, 4. and 7) and 27 (Figures 3 and 5). The bottom plate 20 is provided with aplurality of longitudinally alined circular openings 23 (Figures 8 and 10), within each of which ismounted a combustion chamber 29. The combustion chamber is generally in the form of an inverted cup bustion chamber is welded to the plate '20 around the-circular junction between the circular Wall 3| and the plate, as indicated at 32.

The circular radial wall of each combustion chamber 253 is pressed outwardly toprovide a portion 33 apertured at 34 to receive a collar 35 (Figure 10). The'collar includes a sleeve portion 36 that fits the aperture 34 in the portion 33, and the collar is welded or brazed to the portion 33. The collar includes an axial threaded bore 31 (Figured) adapted toreceive a spark plug (not shown). The collar is additionally provided with a coaxial sleeve38 formed with a counterbore 39.

A longitudinally extending side plate it-is carried at the side of the head .opposite the side wall 2|. This plate 40 is provided at longitudinally spaced points'thereof with inwardly formed portions 4|, each of which is apertured at 42 to receive the reduced'sleeve 38 on the collar 35. The .upper and lower edges of the plate 4|] are flanged at 43 and 44, respectively, and are welded or brazed, respectively, to the under surface of theupper plate 23 and'the upper surface of the base p1ate'20. The opposite ends of the side plate include integralend flanges 45 welded or brazed at 56 to the

end plates

26 and 21. A ring 4'! is interposed between each collar 35 and proximate depressed portion 4| of the side plate 49. A second ring 63 fits over that portion of the reduced sleeve 36 that extends outwardly through the opening 42 in the portion 4| of the plate 49. The surplus portion of each sleeve 38 that projects outwardly beyond the ring 48 is spun or flanged over the ring and is further Welded or brazed to secure the plate 46 to the collars 35, as at 49 (Figures 6 and 8) Each combustion chamber 29 is provided in its radial wall portion 30 with a pair of valve openings 59 and (Figures 7 and 8). The

openings

59 and 5| will be referred to as the exhaust and intake openings respectively. It will be noted that these openings are reversed in successive combustion chambers (Figure 8) so that the openings 5| are closely adjacent, the purpose of which will presently appear. Each exhaust opening 56 is fitted with an exhaust port 52, the inner end portion of which includes an elbow having an integral collar 53 which fits a ring 53 which in turn fits the opening 50 in the combustion chamber (Figure 7). A circular valve seat or ring 54 also fits the rin 53" (Figure '7) and is, of course, coaxial with the collar 53 on the exhaust port elbow. The exhaust port is preferably formed of upper and lower halves welded or brazed together as at 55 (Figures 6 and '7) to form the complete port assembly.

The side plate 2| is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings 56 (Figure 2) which respectively receive the outer ends of the exhaust ports 52, the connections between the plate 25 and the ports 52 being accomplished by welding or brazing. The plate 2| is further pro vided with tapped bores 51 adjacent each opening 56. These bores are provided for receiving cap screws, by means of which an exhaust manifold (not shown) may be attached to the head structure.

Each exhaust port 52 includes in its upper wall a vertical opening 58, within which is carried the lower end of a vertical tubular member 59. The upper plate 23 is provided with a plurality of openings 60 which receive the upper ends of the members 59 (Figure 7) The member 59 is welded or brazed at its opposite ends to the plate 23 and exhaust port 52 as at El and 62, respectively. The welding or brazing operation by which the joint is accomplished between each member 59 and exhaust port 52 is performed before the exhaust port is assembled in place in the head structure and is preferably performed as one of a series of operations by which the combustion chambers 29 are assembled to their associated exhaust and intake ports, the latter of which will be described presently.

The members 59 serve, first, as tubular spacers between the exhaust ports 52 and plate 23 and, second, as means for carrying valve guides 63. The valve guides are, of course, coaxial with the valve seats 54.

The intake opening 5| in each of a pair of adjacent combustion chambers 29 is fitted with a ring 64 (Figures '7 and and each ring receives a collar portion 65 formed as an integral part of a Siamese intake port indicated generally by the numeral 66. The port 66 preferably comprises upper and lower halves welded or brazed together along the line indicated at 61 (Figure '7) to complete the port. That portion of the Siamese port 66 that extends at a right angle to the portion including the collars 95 communicates with an opening 68 in the side wall 2| of the head structure, it being understood that there are three such openings 68 for three Siamese ports 66 to accommodate six intake valve openings 5|. The plate 2| is provided with a pair of tapped bores 69 adjacent each intake opening 68, for the purpose of receiving cap screws, by means of which an intake manifold (not shown) may be attached to the head structure. The upper portion of each intake port 69 is provided with a pair of spaced openings 10, each of which receives the lower end of a vertical tubular spacer H. The upper end of each spacer is carried in an opening 12 formed in the upper plate 23 coaxial with the opening 10 in the intake port 66. The spacers are welded or brazed as at 13 to the intake ports 66, this operation being preferably performed in a series of operations that includes the assembling of the ports before installation in the head structure. Subsequently the upper ends of the sleeves H are welded or brazed to the upper plate 23. Each sleeve H carries therein a vertical valve guide 14. The valve guides M like the valve guides 13 are preferably formed of upper and lower coaxial sections (Figures 7 and 10).

The rings 66, which receive the collars 95 of the intake ports 66 and which fit the intake openings 5| in the combustion chambers 29, also carry circular valve seats or rings 15 (Figure '7).

A plurality of pairs of tubular members 16 extend vertically from the base plate 20 upwardly through the upper plate 23 to a short distance above the upper plate. These members 16 are rigidly secured, as by welding or brazing, to the upper and lower plates, and the upper extensions thereof serve to carry rocker arm structure (not shown) for operating valves (not shown) carried in the valve guides 63 and '14. The upper plate 23 is provided at one corner thereof with a rectangular opening I! bordered with a machined surface 18 having a pair of tapped bores 19, by means of which a coolant-circulating connection (not shown) may be made. The end wall 26 is provided with a similar opening and tapped bores 8|, for the purpose of accomplishing a similar connection.

The tapped bores 51 and 69 adjacentthe exhaust and

intake openings

56 and 68, respectively, in the side Wall 2| of the head structure are reenforced by a plurality of members 82 (Figures 8 and 10), each of which includes a tapped bore coincident with its proximate tapped bore in the side wall 2|.

In the assembly of the head structure it is preferable to preassemble various units. For example, it is desirable to place the combustion chambers 29 in position in the openings 28 of the bottom plate 29, suitable jigs being utilized to position these elements properly. The exhaust and intake ports, being in two halves, are preferably preassembled and then assembled to the combustion chambers, positioning of the

rings

53 and 64 and valve seats 55 and 15 being accomplished at the same time. The

spacers

24 and 25 and the vertical tubes 16 may then be assembled to the bottom plate 20, and the tubular members 59 and H and valve guides 93 and 74 may then be assembled to the ports 52 and 69, after which the upper plate 3 may be located, assembled and secured by welding or brazing. This operation may be followed by installation of the side plate 49, the collars 35 having been previously assembled to the combustion chambers 29. However, the procedure by which the head structure is assembled may be varied at will, depending upon planning .and equipment. It is essential, of course, that the joints accomplished :by welding vor brazing between the components be fluid-tight.

Ihe disclosure as set forth herein is, of course, directed to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and the exact details of construction illustrated and described should not be taken as delineating the applicability of the invention, for

numerous modifications and alterations may be i made this preferred structure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A fabricated cylinder head for an internal combustion en ine, comprising: a generally flat horizontal bottem plate of rectangular shape having one longitudinal edge thereof bent up to provide a longi inal side wall; means providing a plurality of .l ular openings in the bottom plate; a pluralityof combustion chamber elements, each including an inverted cup, respectively fitting the circular openings and rigidly secured to the plate; means providing a pair of Valve openings in each combustion chamber element; means providing a plurality of longitudinally spaced intake and exhaust openings in the side wall; means including intake ports rigidly secured to the side Wall and to the combustion chamber elements and connecting the intake openings with one of the pair of valve openings in each combustion chamber element; and means including exhaust ports rigidly secured to the side wall and to the combustion chambers and connecting the exhaust openings with the other of the pair of valve openings in each combustion chamber element.

2. A fabricated cylinder head as set forth in claim 1, further characterized in that: a generally fiat upper plate is spaced vertically above the bottom plate and is rigidly joined to an upper edge portion of the side wall; and vertical spacers are rigidly secured at opposite ends to the bottom and upper plates.

3. A fabricated cylinder head as set forth in claim 2, further characterized in that: additional vertical spacers in the form of tubular elements are rigidly secured at opposite ends to the upper plate and to the combustion chamber elements coaxially with the valve openings therein; and means are carried by the vertical tubular elements and serve as valve guides.

4. A fabricated cylinder head as set forth in claim 1, further characterized in that: each combustion chamber element includes a spark plug opening having its axis directed away from the side wall; an upper plate of size and shape generally similar to the bottom plate is spaced vertically above and parallel to the bottom plate; means rigidly joins one longitudinal edge of the upper plate to an upper edge portion of the side wall; and a side plate provided vertically between the upper and bottom plates at the sides thereof opposite the side wall, said side plate having its upper and lower edge portions respectively rigidly joined to the upper and bottom plates, said side plate further including a plurality of openings coinciding with the spark plug openings.

5. A fabricated cylinder head as set forth in claim 4, further characterized in that: all the aforesaid joints between the parts of the assembly are water-tight; end plates are provided at opposite ends of the assembly and are rigidly secured to the side wall and to the upper bottom and side plates to provide a water-tight joint; and means including a water-tight joint is provided chamber surrounding the juncture of each spark plug opening and associated side plate opening.

6. A fabricated cylinder head as set forth in claim 5, further characterized in that: the upper plate and one of theend plates are each provided with a coolant opening, one of the openings being an inlet opening and the other an outlet open.- ing for connection to a coolant system.

7. A fabricated cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a lightweight, sheet metal, generally horizontal bottom plate; means providing a lightweight, sheet metal side wall rigidly joined to the plate; means providing a circular opening in the bottom plate; a combustion chamber element including an inverted cup fitting the circular opening and rigidly seowed to the plate; means providing a pair of valve openings in the combustion chamber element; means providing intake and exhaust openings in the side wall; and means including intake and exhaust ports rigidly secured to the side wall and to the combustion chamber element and connecting the intake and exhaust openings with the valve openings in the combustion chamber elements.

8. A combustion chamber for a fabricated, lightweight cylinder head, comprising: a lightweight sheet metal element shaped as an inverted cup having a generally circular radial wall portion and an integral depending annular flange; means forming a pair of valve openings in the radial wall portion; and means in the radial wall portion including an outwardly pressed portion having an opening therethrough'in communication with the interior of the chamber and adapted to receive a spark plug or the like.

9. In a fabricated, lightweight cylinder head, the combination of: a base plate; means providing an opening in the base plate; a lightweight sheet metal combustion chamber having a radial wall portion and an integral peripheral flange, the latter fitting the opening in the base plate and being rigidly secured to the base plate; means in the radial wall portion providing an opening therethrough; an upstanding side plate rigidly joined to the base plate and having an opening therein alined with the opening in the combustion chamber; a cup-shaped member fitting the side plate opening and having an opening in its bottom coincident with the opening in the combustion chamber, the bottom of the cup-shaped member being rigidly secured to the combustion chamber around the opening therein; and means providing a flange on the cup rigidly secured to the side plate around the opening therein.

10. A fabricated, lightweight, sheet metal cylinder head, comprising: a base plate, a top plate, opposed end plates and opposed side plates, each of generally flat, rectangular shape and all rigidly secured together to provide a box-like structure; means providing a row of openings in the bottom plate; means providing a row of openings in one of the side plates; and a plurality of separate combustion chambers respectively fitting said bottom plate openings and secured to the bottom plate and including ports in communication with the side plate openings and secured to said side plate.

11. A cylinder head as set forth in claim 10, further characterized in that: the opposite side plate includes a plurality of spark plug openings. one for each combustion chamber; and the combustion chambers each include a spark plug 7 opening respectively alined with the spark plug openings in the side plate.

, 12. A cylinder head as set forth in claim 10, further characterized in that: the bottom and top plates are separated by a plurality of spacers, certain of which include a set of vertical tubes providing Openings through the structure for receiving studs or the like to secure the head to an engine block.

13. A cylinder head as set forth in claim 12, further characterized in that: certain of the vertical tubes extend upwardly beyond the top plate and serve to receive engine components.

14. A cylinder head as set forth in claim 13, further characterized in that: certain of the first set of vertical tubes extend upwardly beyond the top plate and serve to carry valve-operating mechanism.

15. A fabricated, lightweight, sheet metal cylinder head, comprising: a base plate, a top plate,

opposed end plates and opposed side plates, each of generally fiat, rectangular shape and all rigidly secured together to provide a box-like structure; the base and top plates being separated by a plurality of spacers, certain of which include a set of vertical tubes providing openings through the structure for receiving studs and the like to secure the head to an engine block; means providing a row of openings in the bottom plate;

means providing a row of openings in one of the extending between the combustion chambers and the top plate respectively coaxial with the valve openings and the openings in the top plate.

16. A combustion chamber and valve port assembly for a fabricated, lightweight cylinder head, comprising: a lightweight, sheet metal combustion chamber having the shape of an inverted cup and including a generally circular radial wall portion and an integral annular flange; means providing a circular valve opening in the radial wall portion; and a valve port including a generally tubular portion fitted within the valve opening and rigidly secured to the radial wall portion; said valve portion being additionally provided with a tubular elbow portion that projects away from the combustion chamber; and having said elbow formed as an element split along the axis of the projecting tubular portion, the split parts being welded together to provide the unitary elbow.

FRED A. LEE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,322,255 Maire Nov. 18, 1919 1,647,848 Woolson Nov. 1, 1927 1,659,676 Vincent Feb. 21, 1928 1,838,436 Morrill Dec. 29, 1931 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 281,106 Great Britain 1927 281,484 Great Britain 1927 595,215 France 1925