US2499512A - Material reducing rotor - Google Patents

Description

March 7, 1950 B. H. LANDENBERGER 2,499,512

MATERIAL REDUCING ROTOR Filed May El, 1946 27 [N vE/vTo/e BERNARD H. LANDENBEEGEE;

Patented Mar. 7, 1950 UNITED STATES 2 49925 xa'enneme ROTOR Bernard H; Lafiaenber swam-W's" Ohm; as;

signal to-"Ih'e Jeffrey M a'corporation of Ohio An importaht 'Qbj ect" of my invention isto prb vide an imp'rbv'ed mmerierreduei-ng rdtofl iaving hammers dr nieiterialtredi'iciug 'elemefits pf 'a rigid 0? semi-rigid. typew'herein the materiabreducihg elements include a" plurality of surfaces,- legs or extending'members; the hammers or material r'edubihg' elements beihigfiioitionable 1113011 Said ro tbr'whereby the surfaces; legs -01" extendin me'm betsiidaiybe selectively emplbye'das vi brkihg-ele ifierltsfoffeducirig materiel: M

Another important 'onueizt of my ir'iventionis to" pt'ovid'e"irhjjrved"means"foi s'e'xzuifingktndf pesi-- tioning'ham'rner or material reducing lemeritsto materialreducing r'otors'whe'reby the positions of the 'Iii'atfiM reducing elements'niey be changed withdespect t6 the rotor. v I I In carrying out the 'for'e'goiri'g Object it is a further Object Of my invention tiypr'dvide' a; met'erial reducing rbtbfelen'ient havingim'p'r'oved meens'for securing thehttri'mer or material reducing e1emehtsj therete, the-means fpr' securing the materiel-reducing el mefts mcludmg spaced means eaepteeto interfit'f the Hemmer mate fialr'ducingel'e'lfnfits with tl'le'ibtoi, said means prefeial'bly being'eifrang'd symmetrically whereby the p'es itieh's' df thematefial reducing elements may be selectively climie'ed with respectto the roter tr)" per'mi't' rbtatib'fi of thereducing element's t0 differeifit 'pq'sitior'ls"th'eiebypifmitting the material rduciiig elements to fiinctibh as thematerial r'e'dubih'g' meaIiS thereof, j I v Ar ioth'r Obj'bt Of my 'mventiofi'i's' tb pidvidea, material reducing rotor which carries 2t plurality of removable hammers or material reducing elemerits of the rigid or semi-rigid type 'wheieinthe material reduci'rig'l ele'r'riefit' ere transferred directly to the rotor through the"s'pzfcd. meats.

Other objects of the :ihveritio'n Will'- apbehr hereinafterthe novel features alrid cor'iihifiaitibfis beingset forth imthe alppendedclali'lh's;

Inthe accompdziyiflg drqwifigfs,

' disc eperturee have their eefitereon the eireumference ofimomdesrifib'edin Patent 2.1. Fig: 1 i'sa -Vextkhl seetien 0f a' -rotxry reducing Fig. 2 1s awfmgmentary View ihelevaition of-the T'Otor shdwh iii 1 1g; 1} a' po'rtibh thereof being removed to show feetuaes o f its construction more e u a suitablefferm O'f mejteiial -reducitig cas' 'ihg"dr* Housing endwhe-numeral I 4 a rotor: body or e semmyof" suitebleconstructiun which is tb Be 'qescrihed" in deteiLheremefter;

Thei dtbr eis'erfibly H Yaludes e -nu'rriben of center disc's o'fpltte' me'mldere I2 and a p'a'ir: or enddi'se o'r latemembers m ke edbnye shait.Ii. The shaft W is=revo1veb1e' in suitaible bearm'gs bf the housing In, which are fibt 'shownt Thedisbs e1 p' 1ates== I 2 and ia ere-exaeily speeed on: the shaft {W by mee'rrs, of s acer c'o'ila'rs l5 keyed with the tetheslfieiffiz l-l by-"a key Hi; The discs -br plates 12 mi d I 3 are prb'iiidd-viithei number of H "(see Fig z 3)" 2311- of whieh preferably a'pe'rtures- W reeeive teas- 0v pins I 8 extend through eline themses F2 emu I3 The ends of "s't's dfhlustered hammerholders in the iorm of specea blacks or summer fbr'min'g: members '20 material reducing elements" 2 1 to the 11 1508101 plate l3 of the rotor as seen in Fig. 2. These blocks are preferably, but not necessarily, secured permanently to the discs or plates as by molding them integral therewith or by welding them thereto. As shown in the drawings, each of the discs or plates l2 and I3 is provided with six of the apertures H which are equally spaced therein, and, with the exception of the right hand disc l3, every other one of the apertures in each disc has clustered about it in spaced relation a set of hammer holding blocks 20.

The apertures I! are formed in the discs or plates l2 and l3 so that when the discs or plates are secured and keyed to the shaft M the apertures I? will be in alignment for receiving the rods or pins l8. Preferably the sets of spaced blocks or fastening members 20 of each plate are arranged in staggered relation with the spaced sets of hammer holding blocks or fastening members 20 of the adjacent plates or discs, as seen in Fig. 2, but it will be obvious that any desired arrangement of the sets of hammer holders 2% of one disc or plate with respect to those of the other discs or plates may be had.

In Fig. 4 a preferred form of hammer or material reducing element 2| is shown. This element is generally flat and includes a central opening 22 from about which extend radially three legs or projections 23. The projections or legs 23 are spaced equally and the sides thereof form mate rial reducing hammer surfaces 24 that are formed to provide sharp cutting edges 25 where they intersect the end surfaces 26 of each leg or projection 23. Each hammer element 2| is adapted to fit slidably sidewardly or axially into the spaces between the blocks 20 of each set thereof and is received or embraced about its hub or base, the blocks 20 extending in the spaces 21 between the legs 23 of the hammer elements. The blocks 20 are so shaped and spaced with respect to the aperture about which they are clustered and with respect to the contour of the reducing element 2|, that the projections, legs, or shoulder elements 23 thereof extend between the blocks 20 and the surfaces 24 thereof engage the shoulder or side surfaces of the blocks. The blocks 20 retain the elements 2| in such position that the or l3 to which the blocks are secured. The material reducing hammer elements 2| are retained against sideward or axial movement in the opposite direction or away from the discs which they abut, which movement would result in their disengagement from the blocks 20, by spacer collars 28 which are secured between the elements 2| and the adjacent discs or plates l2 and l3. The rods or pins l8 extend through the aligned apertures I! in the discs l2 and I3, through the collars 28 and the openings 22 in the elements 2! and are secured therein by the nuts l9.

It will be obvious that one leg 23 of each of the hammer elements 2| projects radially beyond the peripheries of the discs while the other legs 23 thereof are within the peripheries thereof. As a consequence of this arrangement only that leg of the hammer element which projects beyond the peripheries of the discs will function as a working leg. It willalso be seen that the functions of the rods or pins la is to tie the plates or discs l2 and I3 together and to retain the spacer collars 28 in position. The hammer elements 2| are retained or secured to the rotor body against both inward and outward radial movement and against rotation about their own centers by the spaced sets of spaced blocks 20 which may closely interfit the irregularities in the shape or contour of the material reducing elements 2|. In each cluster of three holding blocks 20 there are two adjacent each hammer element 2|, one on each side thereof, which are peripherally spaced apart and are radially outside the inwardly extending legs of said element 2|, thus looking it against radially outward movement. The third block 20 is radially inward of the two outer blocks 2! and is between said inwardly extending legs, thus locking said element 2| against radial inward movement. All three blocks 20 obviously lock each element 2| against rotary movement about its center. The rods or pins l8 do not carry the hammer elements, but the holding blocks 20 do and therefore the rods or pins are not subjected to shear loads by the hammers. The shear loads of the hammers are transferred directly to the discs through the blocks 20.

When the rotor II is in operation, the centrifugal force of the hammer elements 2| causes them to tend to center themselves between the outer pair of the spaced blocks 25. Because of the relatively small inclines of the angles'between the innermost surfaces of the outer blocks, that is, the included angle between them, the elements will not become locked to the discs or plates |2 and I3, although in certain instances it may be desirable to make the included angle more acute so that such action will occur.

The construction and arrangement of the mechanism hereinbefore described which permits reversing and shifting of the positions of the material reducing hammer elements 2| with respect to the rotor H is an important feature of my invention. The means for accomplishing this reversibility and shiftability is, namely, the spaced sets of spaced hammer holding blocks, shoulder or abutment forming means 28, and the arrangement thereof in which they preferably extend between adjacent pairs of discs or plates I2 and I3. With the arrangement described, the hammer elements 2| may be removed and reversed, that is, the sides thereof adjacent the, plates 12 or |3 may be made to face the side of the next adjacent plate by removing the rods or pins |8, the spacer collars 28, andby removing the element 2| by sliding it from its holding blocks and turning it side for side and replacing it between its set of spaced blocks 2|] and then replacing the spacer collars and pins. Because the elements 2| are symmetrical, they may each be removed from between their holding blocks 20 and rotated upon the axis of their central opening and then be replaced between their holding blocks to present a new material reducing surface or leg which extends beyond the periphery of the discs or plates |2 or I3. This is particularly advantageous since in operation the leading or sharp cutting edges 25 as well as the surfaces 2 5 and 26 that are functioning as the working surfaces and edges of the hammers 2| may become worn and they may be renewed simply by removing the hammer elements from their holding blocks 2|] and by rotating each of the elements upon its axis through degrees and replacing and locking them within their holders. When one edge 25 has been worn from each of the legs 23 egress-re direction and then their direction of rotation maybe reversed, both of the cutting edges of each leg. which is functioning as a working leg'may'bewornaway. 'In'such case both of said edges of each'hammer may be renewed by merely removing each hammer element 2| from between its holding blocks-2i! and rotating it through 120 degrees upon its axisand replacing it within its holding blocks.

While I have shown a preferred element 2| as including three legs 23, it will be understood that anelement having-more or'less legs than'the element shownmay be used and in certain instances may be more desirable than the element whichl have shown. It'will, of course, be understood that should the outer contour of the element 2! be changed-by adding or subtracting proje'ctions or legs, the shape or arrangement or both of the sets of spaced blocks or members 20 will be "changed accordingly.- p

Referring againto Fig. 1, the apparatus-shown there includes my improved apparatus rotor and in theoperation of this device lumps of material to be reduced are fed into the apparatus through a feed opening 29 in the top thereof and" the lumps of material fall into a material reducing chamber 30.- or what is=known in the art as a torture chamber. As'seen in Fig. l the material reducing chamber or torture chamber is above the rotor assembly II. In the embodiment of the material reducing apparatus shown, the rotor assembly ll rotates counterclockwise and the hammer or material reducing elements 2i thereof strike the lumps of material falling into the chamber 38 and fracture, cut and/or knock them against the left side of the chamber 3!! and against breaker or liner plates 3! thereof, thereby further reducing them. The lower liner plate 3| includes an inwardly projecting portion 32 which extends transversely of the chamber 30 and closely adjacent the peripheral path of the material reducing hammers 2| which cooperate therewith to grind or pulverize the material. Thus the portion 32 forms a grinding element, surface or bar which extends entirely across the bottom of the chamber 30.

As material which is being reduced falls or otherwise comes between the edges 25 of the hammers 2i and an edge 33.0f the portion 32 of the lower liner plate 38, it is cut, crushed, or otherwise fractured, to reduce the size of the particles so that they may pass through spaces 34 between the rotor l l and the lower liner plate 3|. Material which passes through the space 34 will fall or be knocked downwardly upon a two piece screen 35 which encases the lower half of the rotor assembly l l. Thus particles which have been sufiiciently reduced in size will pass between the bars of the screen 35 and will be discharged through the open bottom of the casing or housing Ill as the finished product of the reall v p H The particies 'of fma'terial which 'passtnrougn the spaces? but which have not-beensufiiciently reducedtopermit them to pass betweenthebarsoFthe screen 35 will be carried ver the screen by the reducing "hammere :21 andtreturried tdthe' reducing chamber 30 wh'ereth'ey-will again be submitted to the material reducing "actions taking place "therein:

With improved apparatus rotorithe rota-- tiiinar'rcrce or the hammer elements 2I upon their 'axe'screat e'd by their strikin'g'and grinding thelu'mps of material; as well as the centrifugal forcede'velopedby them'gare transferred directly tothe disc's I2 andl3 of the rotor assembly through theblocl'zs 20" of thesets thereof which form the hammer-"holding elements: It is to' be particularly'notedthat the rods or pins l8 "do not functionally" connect the material reducing or hammer elements 2! with the discs 'l2 and I13 ahd'tha't' therefore" the elements?! impart no shear 'loadsto therods or pins. As" previously mentioned, the rods or pins" l fl function to retain the spacer elements 28 in position and to tie the discs 12 and I3 together.

From'the foregoing it will be obvious that I have provided" an improved material reducing apparatus wherein themate'rial' reducing elements may be of the rigid or se'mi-rigid'type and wherein'the' workingforces exerted by them are transmitted directly to the discs l2 and it through the blocks 20 which form parts thereof. It will be seen, however, that the blocks 2lln'e'ed not form integral parts of the" discs I2 and I3 but bere'movably secured thereto as by means of'bolts', rivets orthe like. I v

Obviously those skilled in the art may make various changes in' the details" and arrangement of parts without departing from thespiritfand scope of-the-invention as defined by the claims hereto appended and I wish therefore notto be restricted tothe precise constructionh'erein disclosed.

Having thus described and shown an embodiment of my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A rotor including a shaft, a plurality of spaced discs carried and driven by said shaft, a plurality of removable material reducing hammer elements each having at least three legs wherein different legs of said hammer elements may be positioned to extend radially outward beyond said discs thereby to function as working elements for reducing material, said rotor being adapted for use in a material reducing apparatus, said material reducing hammers being between said discs, each hammer including at least three spaced legs extending radially from a central axis, one of said legs extending radially outwardly beyond said discs, other of said legs extending inwardly of the peripheries of said discs, spaced sets of spaced blocks secured to the discs, c et including two blocks adjacent the periphery of a disc and on opposite sides of the outwardly extending hammer element leg and radially outwardly of said inwardly extending legs, an inner block positioned between said inwardly extending legs, all said blocks being adapted to receive interfittingly one of said material reducing hammer elements, and means retaining said hammer elements against axial movement relative to said blocks, whereby said sets of blocks retain said material reducing hammer elements against both radial inward and radially outward movement relative to said discs and against rotational movement upon their axes.

2. A rotor including a shaft, a plurality of spaced discs carried and driven by said shaft, a plurality of removable material reducing hammer elements each having at least three legs wherein different legs of said hammer elements may be positioned to extend radially outward beyond said discs thereby to function as working elements for reducing material, said rotor being adapted for use in a material reducing apparatus, said material reducing hammers being between said discs, each hammer including at least three spaced legs extending radially from a central axis, one of said legs extending radially outwardly beyond said discs, other of said legs extending inwardly of the peripheries of said discs, spaced sets of spaced blocks secured to the discs, each set including two blocks adjacent the periphery of a disc and on opposite sides of the outwardly extending hammer element leg and radially outwardly of said inwardly extending legs, said blocks being adapted to receive interfittingly one of said material reducing hammer elements, and means retaining said hammer elements against axial movement relative to said blocks, whereby said sets of blocks retain said material reducing hammer elements against radially outward movement relative to said discs.

3. A rotor including a shaft, a plurality of spaced discs carried and driven by said shaft, a plurality of removable material reducing hammer elements each having at least three legs wherein different legs of said hammer elements may be positioned to extend radially outward beyond said discs thereby to function as working elements for reducing material, said rotor being adapted for use in a material reducing apparatus, said material reducing hammers being between said discs, each hammer including at least three spaced legs extending radially from a central axis, one of said legs extending radially outwardly beyond said discs, other of said legs extending inwardly of the peripheries of said discs, spaced sets of spaced blocks secured to the discs, each set including two blocks adjacent the periphery of a disc and on opposite sides of the outwardly extending hammer element leg and radially outwardly of said inwardly extending legs, at least one inner block positioned radially inwardly of said disc periphery and radially inwardly of some of said other legs which extend inwardly of the peripheries of said discs, all said blocks being adapted to receive interfittingly one of said material reducing hammer elements, and means retaining said hammer elements against axial movement relative to said blocks, whereby said sets of blocks retain said material reducing hammer elements against both radial outward and inward movement relative to said discs and against rotational movement upon their axes.

BERNARD H. LANDEN BERGER.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,041,495 Liggett et al. Oct. 15, 1912 1,362,948 Lehrack Dec. 21, 1920 1,769,867 Stoner July 1, 1930 1,787,828 Levin Jan. 6, 1931 1,797,107 Veeder Mar. 17, 1931 1,941,923 Armour Jan. 2, 1934 1,996,485 Parker Apr. 2, 1935 2,141,663 Ossing Dec. 27, 1938 2,141,664 Ossing Dec. 27, 1938 2,283,402 Welty May 19, 1942 2,306,983 Schutte Dec. 29, 1942 2,339,390 Fowler Jan. 18, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 89,530 Germany Nov. 24, 1896

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