Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, films or the like filamentary products obtained by the wet spinning of aqueous alkaline solutions of proient to apply to a continuously moving filamentary product. Accordingly it is desirable that for at least a considerable part of the period taken up by the insolubilisation treatment the filamentary teins, and especially of aqueous alkaline vege- 5 product should be in an untensioned condition table globulin and casein solutions, into saline and that most of the insolubilisation treatment aqueous coagulating baths of acid reaction and should take place after the tension employed in followed by a subsequent after-treatment of the the coagulation step or in any subsequent stretchfilamentary products that includes a treatment ing step, has been relaxed.
• Such further chemito maintain the coagulated filament under tencal lnsolubilisation treatment is usually carried sion in substantially saturated sodium chloride out with the aid of formaldehyde, chromium salts solution, for instance, as described in British or aluminium salts, which are often referred to Specification 543,586, which was accepted on as hardening agents, in aqueous solutions con- March 4, 1942 and is an equivalent of U. S. Patent taining such compounds in association with other No. 2,358,427.
• formaldehyde, chromium salts solution for instance, as described in British or aluminium salts, which are often referred to Specification 543,586, which was accepted on as hardening agents, in aqueous solutions con- March 4, 1942 and is an equivalent of U. S. Patent taining such compounds in association with other No. 2,358,427.
• the acidity of the coagulated filamentary material emerging from the acid saline coagulating bath is preferably reduced by drawing it through one or more aqueous non-solvent baths, for instance, neutral saline baths, before subjecting it to the action of the swelling bath containing the buffering solute.
• aqueous non-solvent baths for instance, neutral saline baths
• the buffering solute may comprise a weak base or feebly alkaline salt of a strong base with a weak acid, and may also comprise feebly acidic salts or weak acids in addition if necessary.
• weak bases and feebly basic salts may be mentioned aniline, ortho-toluidine, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate.
• citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid or mono sodium dihydrogen phosphate may be included. It will be understood that the total electrolyte concentration of the bath must not be excessive in order that it should retain the capacity to swell the filament.
• the bath may be used at atmospheric or preferably at a somewhat raised temperature.
• the subsequent shrinking bath may be, for instance, a concentrated solution of a neutral salt or an organic dehydrating agent such as alcohol in water or some other non-solvent solution of like osmotic pressure. i. If desired a preliminary stretch may be given to the filamentary product before it is introduced into the swelling bath of buffering properties in which it is stretched, for instance, in the coagulating bath or some intermediate bath such as a neutral saline bath.
• the process according to the present invention has the advantage that the shrinking treatment applied to the stretched filament still under tension does not necessitate nearly such a long time as the treatments hitherto proposed for application to stretch the filament in order to render it possible to complete their insolubilisation without tension. Hence it can be more conveniently carried out on an advancing filament. Moreover, it enables a higher stretch to be applied, without rendering the filaments sticky, than the hitherto known stretching processes.
• Example 1 A solution containing by weight of pea nut rotein 1.3% caustic soda and with a viscosity of 200 poises is extruded at the rate of 40 c. e. per minute through a spinneret containing 500 holes each .09 mm. in diameter into a coagulating bath of 20% sodium sulphate and 2% sulphuric acid in water at 28 C.
• the filaments thus formed are drawn oil over a 16 cm. diameter godet wheel rotating at revolutions per minute and passed through a second bath of 20% sodium sulphate in water at 40 C. and are collected on a swift at a peripheral speed of 60 metres per minute. The filaments are thereby extended about one third of their length.
• the filaments are then transferred to an insolubilisation bath containing 1 formaldehyde and 2% hydrochloric acid in saturated sodium chloride brine at 38 C., and are allowed to remain in this bath for eighteen hours, by which time they are capable of withstanding treatment in a bath containing 0.1% sulphuric acid and 0.25% sodium sulphate for 90 minutes at 97 C.
• length of the filaments is 65% greater than that of the filaments taken from the swift, and the diameter of the filaments is correspondingly reduced.
• the iso-electric pH of pea nut protein is about 4.5.
• Example 2 In this case the coagulating bath is the same as in Example 1 and the freshly coagulated filaments as they are advanced are given a preliminary stretch in a bath of 20% sodium sulphate in water at 40 C. as in Example 1, but instead of being collected on a swift they are introduced from the tensioning roller into a bath consisting of 0.4% aniline solution in water at 50 C., in which they are further stretched to twice their length, and from this stretching bath the filaments pass over a series of successive pairs of skew cylindrical rollers driven to rotate at the same peripheral speed in parallel planes, over which they are wound in a helix so that they take one minute to complete the traverse. These skew rollers are immersed in saturated sodium chloride solution at 40 C., and thus hold the continuously advancing stretched filament at its stretched length in the saturated sodium chloride bath for one minute.
• the advancing filaments are collected and cut into staple fibre.
• the staple fibre is then transferred to the insolubilisation bath described in Example 1, in which it is allowed to remain for eighteen hours at 30 C.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Citations (6)

• 0
  • NL NL62649D patent/NL62649C/xx active
  • BE BE459390D patent/BE459390A/xx unknown
• 1944
  • 1944-08-09 GB GB15129/44A patent/GB580508A/en not_active Expired
• 1945
  • 1945-05-29 FR FR911153D patent/FR911153A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1945-07-19 US US606022A patent/US2495566A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1945-08-08 CH CH269469D patent/CH269469A/de unknown
• 1949
  • 1949-10-21 DE DEI50A patent/DE860239C/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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