US2493435A - Building block - Google Patents

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US2493435A
US2493435A US673309A US67330946A US2493435A US 2493435 A US2493435 A US 2493435A US 673309 A US673309 A US 673309A US 67330946 A US67330946 A US 67330946A US 2493435 A US2493435 A US 2493435A
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blocks
holes
cube
block
centers
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US673309A
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Alcide J Arehambault
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A63H33/088—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails with holes

Definitions

  • BUILDING BLOCK Alcide InArchambault, Nortli Qiiincy, Mass.
  • the object of. the. invention isltdnrovidea set of toy building blockswhichceinbtt used-to provide arigidstructure .izi simu18lti0n--0..'an-.
  • Fig- 1 is a per spectiveview oia. typical structure built. with: blocks of the presentinvention;Fi tzillustratos. the manner. of. joinin the blocks; Fig- 31s atdia ram illustratingthe manner in-whioh the holes are placed; and-Figs..4 andhare views-.of-special. blocks for roof structures and the like.
  • the invention comprises aseries ofvhlockshaving holes arrangedparallelto mutually perpensdicular. axes. but offset in suchamanner that the holes no not intersect. It isthus; possiblettwkeltz the structure together brmeans cinemas. exatending in all three dimensions: funds 1 mental unit of the systemhcomprises 1a, cube -inn dicated at. a Fig.3.... Other etbicclts are -2e d l cu 8-Qf-.Fige3-tor which thelengthm is twice each end dimensionhawemes:bloels N- shown in Fig. 2, andvthe special-hwedgezblocks l2 and M of Fi s-4 and 5.
  • the dot-and-dash lines shown 40" oblique plane determined'by the-dot-and-dash 50 lines.
  • the sets of holes likewlse have-their centers 'on lines which fo m ohli iue planes-d3 and C. These planes are all parallel.
  • the planes The amount of are analogous to the cleavage planes of certain 05 crystals, and are here, termed determinant. planes. .For.
  • ioininetwo blocks suchasthe blocks ligand & ot-Figfi it is essential that thedeter minant planesheparallel order..that holesor, he. two .blocks. wi11"registerhto. permitiinsertion or. a. securing dowel. .It. is nec s ary for: the bui1d-.- ante-orient the. blocks in the proper manner for alienment...and .thispromotes accuracy in, visual izationof three dimensional bo i s-- 7 To faeilitate-the, start of he first course, a. numbers; corner. blocksv .l 0 .oiFie. 2. maybe pro vided-' These are not essentialsince each com prises asingle blockwhich. the. sameas two I of. the. blocks 8,- arranged in the pr per. manner. at
  • One such corner block is preferably included in the set as a starting block for one Since ttheeeterminant planesare preferahly" not indicated by any mar-kins on the blocks, someiexperimentation: may be required o findthe correct. position of any block. :andthisv romotesinterest in-huildingevena imp e struo corner, and is preferably marked to show that one face should be started down; this is done to limit the necessary number of roof blocks, as will be explained later. If desired, two or four composite corner blocks may be provided, but they must be made with a proper relation of their components so that they can be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes in all four directions.
  • Fig. 2 The start of the building is indicated in Fig. 2 showing how the rectangular block is fitted adjacent to the corner block I 0.
  • the blocks are keyed together by horizontal dowels 24 and 26.
  • Vertical dowels 28 may be applied to the blocks to hold the adjacent courses. It will be understood that after a course has been applied to the dowels 28, horizontal dowels may then be passed through the horizontal registering holes of the second course.
  • the additional blocks may be keyed to the structure in a three-dimensional fashion by passing dowels through the third set of holes in any of the blocks.
  • the wedge or pitch-roof block [2 is what would be obtained by dividing a double cube 8 on a diagonal plane D. Since the diagonal plane D does not correspond with any of the determinant planes A, B, etc., there are four possible planes like D along which the out can be made. Thus there are four possible hole arrangements for a wedge block I2. To make a pitch roof only two of these forms are needed, if the building is started with a certain type of the starting corner block ID. The same applies to the halfcubes [8 and the special blocks 30 which may be termed one-and-half cubes.
  • the ridge blocks [6, being symmetrical, may be considered unique; that is, one form will serve for most arrangements.
  • the eave blocks M are asymmetrical in all directions; each block comprises four cubes, three of which are slabbed off on diagonal planes. If a block I4 is placed at each corner, four different hole arrangements are obviously required.
  • the set is flexible in that many different types of buildings may be constructed.
  • the first course is started as shown in Fig. 2, and additional courses are added as desired.
  • the structure may be keyed firmly by dowels passed through the holes in any or all of the three dimensions. It is not usually necessary to put dowels through all of the holes. Window and door openings may be left, as shown in Fig. 1, and the structure will have sufiicient rigidity from the dowels which pass through the blocks forming the window and door frames.
  • the basic unit is the cube, which is unique if a clockwise or counterclockwise displacement order has been decided upon.
  • the centers 22 of the cube faces may be taken as the points of emergence of a set of mutually perpendicular coordinate axes from the cube.
  • the centers of the holes 20 are disposed on the line A which is the intersection of the determinant plane with the cube faces.
  • All other blocks in the set may be considered as variations of the simple cube. Thus other blocks may be made by simply combining cubes, and still others by cutting the cube combinations 5 with the faces of the elemental cubes.
  • holes are preferably used for convenience of manufacture, holes (and dowels) of other shapes may be used if desired.
  • a set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in three directions, the axes of the holes being mutually perpendicular but non-intersecting, the centers of three corresponding holes, where they 5 appear at the surface, being offset from the face centers along diagonals lying in an oblique plane, and dowels to pass through registering holes of several blocks to hold together a structure built from the blocks.
  • a set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in tln'ee mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, each block including an elemental cube, the hole centers at the cube faces lying 5 in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, the hole centers being displaced from the face centers in the same direction.
  • a set of building blocks comprising a plu- 40 rality of blocks having holes therethrough in three mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, each block being constructed of elemental cubes in each of which the centers of the holes at the cube faces are disposed in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, whereby a number of said blocks having parallel determinant planes may be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes.
  • a set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in three mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, the several blocks comprising cubes and blocks including elemental cubes, in each of which the centers of the holes at the cube faces are disposed in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, whereby a number of said blocks having parallel determinant planes may be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes.

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Description

Jan. 3, 1950 A. J,- ARCHAMBAULT ed May .31 1946 lNVE/VTOR A. J. Archambau/f By M W Patented Jan. 3, 1950 UN ED;
BUILDING BLOCK Alcide :InArchambault, Nortli Qiiincy, Mass.
Anplieotion Mar-.31, 194e, .sc1ia1 Eta-673.308
4' Claims. (Cl:f46 26) The. present invention. relates to! building. blocks.
The object of. the. invention.isltdnrovidea set of toy building blockswhichceinbtt used-to provide arigidstructure .izi simu18lti0n--0..'an-.
desired design. and which. will aflordhmusement. andinstructian in. the. process of assembly.
With this object in view the invention-com rises the. blocks. hereinafter described and-particularly definedin. the claims.
n the a omnan nsdtawm s Fig- 1 is a per spectiveview oia. typical structure built. with: blocks of the presentinvention;Fi tzillustratos. the manner. of. joinin the blocks; Fig- 31s atdia ram illustratingthe manner in-whioh the holes are placed; and-Figs..4 andhare views-.of-special. blocks for roof structures and the like.
The invention comprises aseries ofvhlockshaving holes arrangedparallelto mutually perpensdicular. axes. but offset in suchamanner that the holes no not intersect. It isthus; possiblettwkeltz the structure together brmeans cinemas. exatending in all three dimensions: funds 1 mental unit of the systemhcomprises 1a, cube -inn dicated at. a Fig.3.... Other etbicclts are -2e d l cu 8-Qf-.Fige3-tor which thelengthm is twice each end dimensionhawemes:bloels N- shown in Fig. 2, andvthe special-hwedgezblocks l2 and M of Fi s-4 and 5. Stillothertl'm coma-- prise the ridge .blocksl 6 and halfscubes .13, rota The manner of boring the holes: is -firstillus-i trated in connection'withthecuhei. s shown in Fig. 3,. the cube is providedt-with; threeholes.
2c, the centers of which'are diagonallymffisct:
from the centers 22 of the faces of the cube. The. manner of the oiiset isimportant in orderthat the blocks may be made to reg ster for Proper insertion of the dowels in the building of the structure; Thus, the dot-and-dash lines shown 40" oblique plane determined'by the-dot-and-dash 50 lines. For the double cubes of Fig. 3, it observed that the sets of holes likewlse have-their centers 'on lines which fo m ohli iue planes-d3 and C. These planes are all parallel. The planes The amount of are analogous to the cleavage planes of certain 05 crystals, and are here, termed determinant. planes. .For. ioininetwo blocks, suchasthe blocks ligand & ot-Figfi it is essential that thedeter minant planesheparallel order..that holesor, he. two .blocks. wi11"registerhto. permitiinsertion or. a. securing dowel. .It. is nec s ary for: the bui1d-.- ante-orient the. blocks in the proper manner for alienment...and .thispromotes accuracy in, visual izationof three dimensional bo i s-- 7 To faeilitate-the, start of he first course, a. numbers; corner. blocksv .l 0 .oiFie. 2. maybe pro vided-' These are not essentialsince each com prises asingle blockwhich. the. sameas two I of. the. blocks 8,- arranged in the pr per. manner. at
"the. 80111913 The orientation otthe hol s is important. For the cube 6.. there are. two possible -.0rientations. It. will u e observed that in following around, the 1ine..-.4l the. ho1es.. .z0 1 are. offset clockwise from the face centers 22. It would be possible 130.. onset the hc1es..-s0-that their. centers-would be displa edounter=clo lwis.e .from the face centers. Suoh hoiecenters would appear a he:
positions indicated hythe crosses 24. Either the. clockwise or .counterwlcckwisedisplacement. or P der maybe used, butthe invention; contemplates. that all. of the blocks. in the set. be provided with holes offset in the same order:.ar0und the. dc,
erminantnlanesa In these herein shown,;-the clockwise order is used. When, a single-order is. used he simple cubical blockisunique; that is, it. may always be turnedinsuch a. dir ction-that it.- will key wi h any- .a iacent block-- The multiple cube, typifi dy he double cube mus-also unique, in-that 0ne-sing1eformcanbo used throughout. Any. number.- of. SHQhzrblOGkS cane keyed. oge her in all three-.dirnensi. ns=
It is only essential that the. determinant: planes: f. all the blocks beparallel'lsubiect tothecom dition that the displacement order ofthchole centers be theeameior all. the blocks; .-as a-bcxze described) .7
turet The corner blo ks lll:aranot i unique construction. As heretofore noted; ea h cornereblools; missile-equivalent of: two double cubeszfi, but
thereareseverahways-imwhich two blocker-may. be ioin d te lform 2126013 6! block,- even: thought. parallelism-ct the. determinant planes: .is :maine;
tained. One such corner block is preferably included in the set as a starting block for one Since ttheeeterminant planesare preferahly" not indicated by any mar-kins on the blocks, someiexperimentation: may be required o findthe correct. position of any block. :andthisv romotesinterest in-huildingevena imp e struo corner, and is preferably marked to show that one face should be started down; this is done to limit the necessary number of roof blocks, as will be explained later. If desired, two or four composite corner blocks may be provided, but they must be made with a proper relation of their components so that they can be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes in all four directions.
The start of the building is indicated in Fig. 2 showing how the rectangular block is fitted adjacent to the corner block I 0. The blocks are keyed together by horizontal dowels 24 and 26. Vertical dowels 28 may be applied to the blocks to hold the adjacent courses. It will be understood that after a course has been applied to the dowels 28, horizontal dowels may then be passed through the horizontal registering holes of the second course. The additional blocks may be keyed to the structure in a three-dimensional fashion by passing dowels through the third set of holes in any of the blocks.
The wedge or pitch-roof block [2 is what would be obtained by dividing a double cube 8 on a diagonal plane D. Since the diagonal plane D does not correspond with any of the determinant planes A, B, etc., there are four possible planes like D along which the out can be made. Thus there are four possible hole arrangements for a wedge block I2. To make a pitch roof only two of these forms are needed, if the building is started with a certain type of the starting corner block ID. The same applies to the halfcubes [8 and the special blocks 30 which may be termed one-and-half cubes. If the starting course were not formed with a definite hole-arrangement, it might be found that neither of the two forms would key with the side wall, and this would require that the set be supplied with all possible arrangements of wedges, half-cubes, and one-and-half cubes.
The ridge blocks [6, being symmetrical, may be considered unique; that is, one form will serve for most arrangements. The eave blocks M are asymmetrical in all directions; each block comprises four cubes, three of which are slabbed off on diagonal planes. If a block I4 is placed at each corner, four different hole arrangements are obviously required.
The set is flexible in that many different types of buildings may be constructed. The first course is started as shown in Fig. 2, and additional courses are added as desired. The structure may be keyed firmly by dowels passed through the holes in any or all of the three dimensions. It is not usually necessary to put dowels through all of the holes. Window and door openings may be left, as shown in Fig. 1, and the structure will have sufiicient rigidity from the dowels which pass through the blocks forming the window and door frames.
As hertofore noted, the basic unit is the cube, which is unique if a clockwise or counterclockwise displacement order has been decided upon. The centers 22 of the cube faces may be taken as the points of emergence of a set of mutually perpendicular coordinate axes from the cube. The centers of the holes 20 are disposed on the line A which is the intersection of the determinant plane with the cube faces.
All other blocks in the set may be considered as variations of the simple cube. Thus other blocks may be made by simply combining cubes, and still others by cutting the cube combinations 5 with the faces of the elemental cubes.
construct a composite block out of elemental cubes and thereafter cut or turn the block to the desired shape, since the block may be initially formed in the desired shape and the holes bored afterward, so long as the hole placement is determined by the principles above outlined.
Although round holes are preferably used for convenience of manufacture, holes (and dowels) of other shapes may be used if desired.
Having thus described the invention, I claim:
1. A set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in three directions, the axes of the holes being mutually perpendicular but non-intersecting, the centers of three corresponding holes, where they 5 appear at the surface, being offset from the face centers along diagonals lying in an oblique plane, and dowels to pass through registering holes of several blocks to hold together a structure built from the blocks.
2. A set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in tln'ee mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, each block including an elemental cube, the hole centers at the cube faces lying 5 in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, the hole centers being displaced from the face centers in the same direction.
3. A set of building blocks comprising a plu- 40 rality of blocks having holes therethrough in three mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, each block being constructed of elemental cubes in each of which the centers of the holes at the cube faces are disposed in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, whereby a number of said blocks having parallel determinant planes may be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes.
4. A set of building blocks comprising a plurality of blocks having holes therethrough in three mutually perpendicular directions but nonintersecting, the several blocks comprising cubes and blocks including elemental cubes, in each of which the centers of the holes at the cube faces are disposed in oblique determinant planes passing through corners of the cube, whereby a number of said blocks having parallel determinant planes may be keyed together by dowels passed through the holes.
ALCIDE J. ARCHAMBAULT.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
US673309A 1946-05-31 1946-05-31 Building block Expired - Lifetime US2493435A (en)

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Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582553A (en) * 1949-08-17 1952-01-15 Ferdinand Furniture Company In Sectional toy furniture
US2861388A (en) * 1951-08-14 1958-11-25 Favaretto Gianni Structural toy and model building set
US2998364A (en) * 1955-10-14 1961-08-29 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to moderator structures for nuclear reactors
US3189350A (en) * 1960-08-15 1965-06-15 Bushrod W Hopkins Magic square puzzle
US3360883A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-01-02 Glanzer Jacobo Construction toy comprising connectors having orthogonal channels
US3706473A (en) * 1971-06-10 1972-12-19 John W Mullen Structural module and furniture or other structures formed therefrom
US3822487A (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-07-09 G Koch Alphabet block display and toy
US4310994A (en) * 1979-10-16 1982-01-19 Autonomics, Inc. Complementary geometric modules
US4421305A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-12-20 Cooper Industries, Inc. Workpiece holding and alignment device
US4565042A (en) * 1983-01-17 1986-01-21 Poschinger Camphausen Florian Plug connection for boards abutting at an angle
US4602908A (en) * 1982-01-03 1986-07-29 Lutz Kroeber Toy building block set
US4758195A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-07-19 3 W Designers, Inc. Elastomeric foam building units
US4764144A (en) * 1986-08-04 1988-08-16 Fantasy Toys, Inc. Rotatable assemblies for interconnecting building blocks
US5360365A (en) * 1993-12-01 1994-11-01 Evans David P Sports stadium model
US5659652A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-08-19 D'entremont; Joseph P. Support system for rapid assembly of component infrastructures
US6014842A (en) * 1996-12-04 2000-01-18 Matsubara; Hideo Modular units, modular structures having modular units, and method for constructing modular structures
US6322414B1 (en) * 2000-08-28 2001-11-27 Youth Toy Enterprise Co., Ltd. Universal blocks
US6550198B1 (en) * 2001-08-21 2003-04-22 Youichi Endo Wall construction
US6609336B2 (en) 2000-01-20 2003-08-26 Hideo Matsubara Modular units, modular structures having modular units, and method for constructing modular structures
US6733421B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2004-05-11 Durmon Jones Hand rehabilitation device and method for the use thereof
US20050034413A1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2005-02-17 Weber Ralf D. Universal structural element
US20060207206A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-21 Everett Steve E Structural building block system and method comprising same
US20060260256A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Everett Steve E Structural building block system and method comprising same
US20070108086A1 (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-05-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cask buffer body
US20070130874A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Hu Teng-Fu Geometric construction system
DE102006034995A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-31 Polystone Gmbh Modular construction system for the production of flying structures
US20080200091A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-21 Jay Blaivas Wood construction toy
US20080250736A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2008-10-16 Laurentiu Dumitru Breaz Modular Elements, Network, Supporting Structure, Construct
USD605976S1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2009-12-15 Ekkehard Beier Stackable cube
US7976024B1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2011-07-12 Jonathan Walker Stapleton Tessellating pattern cubes
WO2013021036A1 (en) * 2011-08-11 2013-02-14 Laurenceau Jean-Nicolas Modular construction system
USD733993S1 (en) * 2011-12-01 2015-07-14 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc Confectionary
WO2016015470A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2016-02-04 厦门吉信德宠物用品有限公司 Building block and building block unit
US20160047497A1 (en) * 2014-08-12 2016-02-18 Lenox Laser, Inc. Support system and apparatus for rapid assembly of components and infrastructures with integrated electronics, power and other instrumentalities
US20170127825A1 (en) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-11 Deborah L. Melnick Modular storage system
US10058792B2 (en) * 2015-06-25 2018-08-28 Tibbo Technology, Inc. Three-dimensional grid beam and construction set thereof
US20180256999A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-13 Yush Gupta Block-based construction system
RU2670021C2 (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-10-17 Дмитрий Андреевич Соколов Construction element (options)
US10518193B2 (en) * 2015-07-10 2019-12-31 Ningsi You Toy construction set
USD872638S1 (en) * 2019-07-04 2020-01-14 Deryck Yin Planter
USD902307S1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-11-17 Worakorn Phongsuwan Block pencil holder
US20230271098A1 (en) * 2020-07-30 2023-08-31 Kyung Hwa PARK Assembly-type toy
US20240276928A1 (en) * 2023-02-16 2024-08-22 Brett Littlejohn-Mifsud Modular interlocking expandable plant trellis
USD1041793S1 (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-09-17 General Mills, Inc. Fruit snack
USD1041790S1 (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-09-17 General Mills, Inc. Fruit snack

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US1216840A (en) * 1915-10-29 1917-02-20 Embossing Company Toy building-block.
FR489079A (en) * 1918-02-28 1918-12-13 Claude Antoine Dory Construction game in wooden cubes with holes
FR794583A (en) * 1934-09-05 1936-02-20 Construction game

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1216840A (en) * 1915-10-29 1917-02-20 Embossing Company Toy building-block.
FR489079A (en) * 1918-02-28 1918-12-13 Claude Antoine Dory Construction game in wooden cubes with holes
FR794583A (en) * 1934-09-05 1936-02-20 Construction game

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582553A (en) * 1949-08-17 1952-01-15 Ferdinand Furniture Company In Sectional toy furniture
US2861388A (en) * 1951-08-14 1958-11-25 Favaretto Gianni Structural toy and model building set
US2998364A (en) * 1955-10-14 1961-08-29 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to moderator structures for nuclear reactors
US3189350A (en) * 1960-08-15 1965-06-15 Bushrod W Hopkins Magic square puzzle
US3360883A (en) * 1965-08-17 1968-01-02 Glanzer Jacobo Construction toy comprising connectors having orthogonal channels
US3706473A (en) * 1971-06-10 1972-12-19 John W Mullen Structural module and furniture or other structures formed therefrom
US3822487A (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-07-09 G Koch Alphabet block display and toy
US4310994A (en) * 1979-10-16 1982-01-19 Autonomics, Inc. Complementary geometric modules
US4421305A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-12-20 Cooper Industries, Inc. Workpiece holding and alignment device
US4602908A (en) * 1982-01-03 1986-07-29 Lutz Kroeber Toy building block set
US4565042A (en) * 1983-01-17 1986-01-21 Poschinger Camphausen Florian Plug connection for boards abutting at an angle
US4764144A (en) * 1986-08-04 1988-08-16 Fantasy Toys, Inc. Rotatable assemblies for interconnecting building blocks
US4758195A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-07-19 3 W Designers, Inc. Elastomeric foam building units
US5360365A (en) * 1993-12-01 1994-11-01 Evans David P Sports stadium model
US5659652A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-08-19 D'entremont; Joseph P. Support system for rapid assembly of component infrastructures
US6014842A (en) * 1996-12-04 2000-01-18 Matsubara; Hideo Modular units, modular structures having modular units, and method for constructing modular structures
US6733421B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2004-05-11 Durmon Jones Hand rehabilitation device and method for the use thereof
US6874291B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2005-04-05 Ralf D. Weber Universal structural element
US20050034413A1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2005-02-17 Weber Ralf D. Universal structural element
US7340868B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2008-03-11 Weber Ralf D Universal structural element
US6609336B2 (en) 2000-01-20 2003-08-26 Hideo Matsubara Modular units, modular structures having modular units, and method for constructing modular structures
US6322414B1 (en) * 2000-08-28 2001-11-27 Youth Toy Enterprise Co., Ltd. Universal blocks
US6550198B1 (en) * 2001-08-21 2003-04-22 Youichi Endo Wall construction
US20070108086A1 (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-05-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cask buffer body
US8731129B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2014-05-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cask buffer body
US20060207206A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-21 Everett Steve E Structural building block system and method comprising same
US7472520B2 (en) * 2005-03-17 2009-01-06 Steve Eugene Everett Structural building block system and method comprising same
US20060260256A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-23 Everett Steve E Structural building block system and method comprising same
US20080250736A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2008-10-16 Laurentiu Dumitru Breaz Modular Elements, Network, Supporting Structure, Construct
US7802410B2 (en) * 2005-09-22 2010-09-28 Laurentiu Dumitru Breaz Modular elements, network, supporting structure, construct
US20070130874A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Hu Teng-Fu Geometric construction system
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